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[mediawiki.git] / includes / jobqueue / JobQueueFederated.php

<?php
/**
 * Job queue code for federated queues.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
 *
 * @file
 * @author Aaron Schulz
 */

/**
 * Class to handle enqueueing and running of background jobs for federated queues
 *
 * This class allows for queues to be partitioned into smaller queues.
 * A partition is defined by the configuration for a JobQueue instance.
 * For example, one can set $wgJobTypeConf['refreshLinks'] to point to a
 * JobQueueFederated instance, which itself would consist of three JobQueueRedis
 * instances, each using their own redis server. This would allow for the jobs
 * to be split (evenly or based on weights) accross multiple servers if a single
 * server becomes impractical or expensive. Different JobQueue classes can be mixed.
 *
 * The basic queue configuration (e.g. "order", "claimTTL") of a federated queue
 * is inherited by the partition queues. Additional configuration defines what
 * section each wiki is in, what partition queues each section uses (and their weight),
 * and the JobQueue configuration for each partition. Some sections might only need a
 * single queue partition, like the sections for groups of small wikis.
 *
 * If used for performance, then $wgMainCacheType should be set to memcached/redis.
 * Note that "fifo" cannot be used for the ordering, since the data is distributed.
 * One can still use "timestamp" instead, as in "roughly timestamp ordered". Also,
 * queue classes used by this should ignore down servers (with TTL) to avoid slowness.
 *
 * @ingroup JobQueue
 * @since 1.22
 */
class JobQueueFederated extends JobQueue {
        /** @var HashRing */
        protected $partitionRing;
        /** @var HashRing */
        protected $partitionPushRing;
        /** @var array (partition name => JobQueue) reverse sorted by weight */
        protected $partitionQueues = array();

        /** @var BagOStuff */
        protected $cache;

        /** @var int Maximum number of partitions to try */
        protected $maxPartitionsTry;

        const CACHE_TTL_SHORT = 30; // integer; seconds to cache info without re-validating
        const CACHE_TTL_LONG = 300; // integer; seconds to cache info that is kept up to date

        /**
         * @params include:
         *  - sectionsByWiki      : A map of wiki IDs to section names.
         *                          Wikis will default to using the section "default".
         *  - partitionsBySection : Map of section names to maps of (partition name => weight).
         *                          A section called 'default' must be defined if not all wikis
         *                          have explicitly defined sections.
         *  - configByPartition   : Map of queue partition names to configuration arrays.
         *                          These configuration arrays are passed to JobQueue::factory().
         *                          The options set here are overriden by those passed to this
         *                          the federated queue itself (e.g. 'order' and 'claimTTL').
         *  - partitionsNoPush    : List of partition names that can handle pop() but not push().
         *                          This can be used to migrate away from a certain partition.
         *  - maxPartitionsTry    : Maximum number of times to attempt job insertion using
         *                          different partition queues. This improves availability
         *                          during failure, at the cost of added latency and somewhat
         *                          less reliable job de-duplication mechanisms.
         * @param array $params
         * @throws MWException
         */
        protected function __construct( array $params ) {
                parent::__construct( $params );
                $section = isset( $params['sectionsByWiki'][$this->wiki] )
                        ? $params['sectionsByWiki'][$this->wiki]
                        : 'default';
                if ( !isset( $params['partitionsBySection'][$section] ) ) {
                        throw new MWException( "No configuration for section '$section'." );
                }
                $this->maxPartitionsTry = isset( $params['maxPartitionsTry'] )
                        ? $params['maxPartitionsTry']
                        : 2;
                // Get the full partition map
                $partitionMap = $params['partitionsBySection'][$section];
                arsort( $partitionMap, SORT_NUMERIC );
                // Get the partitions jobs can actually be pushed to
                $partitionPushMap = $partitionMap;
                if ( isset( $params['partitionsNoPush'] ) ) {
                        foreach ( $params['partitionsNoPush'] as $partition ) {
                                unset( $partitionPushMap[$partition] );
                        }
                }
                // Get the config to pass to merge into each partition queue config
                $baseConfig = $params;
                foreach ( array( 'class', 'sectionsByWiki', 'maxPartitionsTry',
                        'partitionsBySection', 'configByPartition', 'partitionsNoPush' ) as $o
                ) {
                        unset( $baseConfig[$o] ); // partition queue doesn't care about this
                }
                // Get the partition queue objects
                foreach ( $partitionMap as $partition => $w ) {
                        if ( !isset( $params['configByPartition'][$partition] ) ) {
                                throw new MWException( "No configuration for partition '$partition'." );
                        }
                        $this->partitionQueues[$partition] = JobQueue::factory(
                                $baseConfig + $params['configByPartition'][$partition] );
                }
                // Ring of all partitions
                $this->partitionRing = new HashRing( $partitionMap );
                // Get the ring of partitions to push jobs into
                if ( count( $partitionPushMap ) === count( $partitionMap ) ) {
                        $this->partitionPushRing = clone $this->partitionRing; // faster
                } else {
                        $this->partitionPushRing = new HashRing( $partitionPushMap );
                }
                // Aggregate cache some per-queue values if there are multiple partition queues
                $this->cache = count( $partitionMap ) > 1 ? wfGetMainCache() : new EmptyBagOStuff();
        }

        protected function supportedOrders() {
                // No FIFO due to partitioning, though "rough timestamp order" is supported
                return array( 'undefined', 'random', 'timestamp' );
        }

        protected function optimalOrder() {
                return 'undefined'; // defer to the partitions
        }

        protected function supportsDelayedJobs() {
                return true; // defer checks to the partitions
        }

        protected function doIsEmpty() {
                $key = $this->getCacheKey( 'empty' );

                $isEmpty = $this->cache->get( $key );
                if ( $isEmpty === 'true' ) {
                        return true;
                } elseif ( $isEmpty === 'false' ) {
                        return false;
                }

                $empty = true;
                $failed = 0;
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $queue ) {
                        try {
                                $empty = $empty && $queue->doIsEmpty();
                        } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                                ++$failed;
                                MWExceptionHandler::logException( $e );
                        }
                }
                $this->throwErrorIfAllPartitionsDown( $failed );

                $this->cache->add( $key, $empty ? 'true' : 'false', self::CACHE_TTL_LONG );
                return $empty;
        }

        protected function doGetSize() {
                return $this->getCrossPartitionSum( 'size', 'doGetSize' );
        }

        protected function doGetAcquiredCount() {
                return $this->getCrossPartitionSum( 'acquiredcount', 'doGetAcquiredCount' );
        }

        protected function doGetDelayedCount() {
                return $this->getCrossPartitionSum( 'delayedcount', 'doGetDelayedCount' );
        }

        protected function doGetAbandonedCount() {
                return $this->getCrossPartitionSum( 'abandonedcount', 'doGetAbandonedCount' );
        }

        /**
         * @param string $type
         * @param string $method
         * @return int
         */
        protected function getCrossPartitionSum( $type, $method ) {
                $key = $this->getCacheKey( $type );

                $count = $this->cache->get( $key );
                if ( is_int( $count ) ) {
                        return $count;
                }

                $failed = 0;
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $queue ) {
                        try {
                                $count += $queue->$method();
                        } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                                ++$failed;
                                MWExceptionHandler::logException( $e );
                        }
                }
                $this->throwErrorIfAllPartitionsDown( $failed );

                $this->cache->set( $key, $count, self::CACHE_TTL_SHORT );

                return $count;
        }

        protected function doBatchPush( array $jobs, $flags ) {
                // Local ring variable that may be changed to point to a new ring on failure
                $partitionRing = $this->partitionPushRing;
                // Try to insert the jobs and update $partitionsTry on any failures.
                // Retry to insert any remaning jobs again, ignoring the bad partitions.
                $jobsLeft = $jobs;
                // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart Generic.CodeAnalysis.ForLoopWithTestFunctionCall.NotAllowed
                for ( $i = $this->maxPartitionsTry; $i > 0 && count( $jobsLeft ); --$i ) {
                        // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
                        try {
                                $partitionRing->getLiveRing();
                        } catch ( UnexpectedValueException $e ) {
                                break; // all servers down; nothing to insert to
                        }
                        $jobsLeft = $this->tryJobInsertions( $jobsLeft, $partitionRing, $flags );
                }
                if ( count( $jobsLeft ) ) {
                        throw new JobQueueError(
                                "Could not insert job(s), {$this->maxPartitionsTry} partitions tried." );
                }

                return true;
        }

        /**
         * @param array $jobs
         * @param HashRing $partitionRing
         * @param int $flags
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @return array List of Job object that could not be inserted
         */
        protected function tryJobInsertions( array $jobs, HashRing &$partitionRing, $flags ) {
                $jobsLeft = array();

                // Because jobs are spread across partitions, per-job de-duplication needs
                // to use a consistent hash to avoid allowing duplicate jobs per partition.
                // When inserting a batch of de-duplicated jobs, QOS_ATOMIC is disregarded.
                $uJobsByPartition = array(); // (partition name => job list)
                /** @var Job $job */
                foreach ( $jobs as $key => $job ) {
                        if ( $job->ignoreDuplicates() ) {
                                $sha1 = sha1( serialize( $job->getDeduplicationInfo() ) );
                                $uJobsByPartition[$partitionRing->getLiveLocation( $sha1 )][] = $job;
                                unset( $jobs[$key] );
                        }
                }
                // Get the batches of jobs that are not de-duplicated
                if ( $flags & self::QOS_ATOMIC ) {
                        $nuJobBatches = array( $jobs ); // all or nothing
                } else {
                        // Split the jobs into batches and spread them out over servers if there
                        // are many jobs. This helps keep the partitions even. Otherwise, send all
                        // the jobs to a single partition queue to avoids the extra connections.
                        $nuJobBatches = array_chunk( $jobs, 300 );
                }

                // Insert the de-duplicated jobs into the queues...
                foreach ( $uJobsByPartition as $partition => $jobBatch ) {
                        /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                        $queue = $this->partitionQueues[$partition];
                        try {
                                $ok = true;
                                $queue->doBatchPush( $jobBatch, $flags | self::QOS_ATOMIC );
                        } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                                $ok = false;
                                MWExceptionHandler::logException( $e );
                        }
                        if ( $ok ) {
                                $key = $this->getCacheKey( 'empty' );
                                $this->cache->set( $key, 'false', JobQueueDB::CACHE_TTL_LONG );
                        } else {
                                if ( !$partitionRing->ejectFromLiveRing( $partition, 5 ) ) { // blacklist
                                        throw new JobQueueError( "Could not insert job(s), no partitions available." );
                                }
                                $jobsLeft = array_merge( $jobsLeft, $jobBatch ); // not inserted
                        }
                }

                // Insert the jobs that are not de-duplicated into the queues...
                foreach ( $nuJobBatches as $jobBatch ) {
                        $partition = ArrayUtils::pickRandom( $partitionRing->getLiveLocationWeights() );
                        $queue = $this->partitionQueues[$partition];
                        try {
                                $ok = true;
                                $queue->doBatchPush( $jobBatch, $flags | self::QOS_ATOMIC );
                        } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                                $ok = false;
                                MWExceptionHandler::logException( $e );
                        }
                        if ( $ok ) {
                                $key = $this->getCacheKey( 'empty' );
                                $this->cache->set( $key, 'false', JobQueueDB::CACHE_TTL_LONG );
                        } else {
                                if ( !$partitionRing->ejectFromLiveRing( $partition, 5 ) ) { // blacklist
                                        throw new JobQueueError( "Could not insert job(s), no partitions available." );
                                }
                                $jobsLeft = array_merge( $jobsLeft, $jobBatch ); // not inserted
                        }
                }

                return $jobsLeft;
        }

        protected function doPop() {
                $key = $this->getCacheKey( 'empty' );

                $isEmpty = $this->cache->get( $key );
                if ( $isEmpty === 'true' ) {
                        return false;
                }

                $partitionsTry = $this->partitionRing->getLiveLocationWeights(); // (partition => weight)

                $failed = 0;
                while ( count( $partitionsTry ) ) {
                        $partition = ArrayUtils::pickRandom( $partitionsTry );
                        if ( $partition === false ) {
                                break; // all partitions at 0 weight
                        }

                        /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                        $queue = $this->partitionQueues[$partition];
                        try {
                                $job = $queue->pop();
                        } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                                ++$failed;
                                MWExceptionHandler::logException( $e );
                                $job = false;
                        }
                        if ( $job ) {
                                $job->metadata['QueuePartition'] = $partition;

                                return $job;
                        } else {
                                unset( $partitionsTry[$partition] ); // blacklist partition
                        }
                }
                $this->throwErrorIfAllPartitionsDown( $failed );

                $this->cache->set( $key, 'true', JobQueueDB::CACHE_TTL_LONG );

                return false;
        }

        protected function doAck( Job $job ) {
                if ( !isset( $job->metadata['QueuePartition'] ) ) {
                        throw new MWException( "The given job has no defined partition name." );
                }

                return $this->partitionQueues[$job->metadata['QueuePartition']]->ack( $job );
        }

        protected function doIsRootJobOldDuplicate( Job $job ) {
                $params = $job->getRootJobParams();
                $sigature = $params['rootJobSignature'];
                $partition = $this->partitionPushRing->getLiveLocation( $sigature );
                try {
                        return $this->partitionQueues[$partition]->doIsRootJobOldDuplicate( $job );
                } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                        if ( $this->partitionPushRing->ejectFromLiveRing( $partition, 5 ) ) {
                                $partition = $this->partitionPushRing->getLiveLocation( $sigature );
                                return $this->partitionQueues[$partition]->doIsRootJobOldDuplicate( $job );
                        }
                }

                return false;
        }

        protected function doDeduplicateRootJob( Job $job ) {
                $params = $job->getRootJobParams();
                $sigature = $params['rootJobSignature'];
                $partition = $this->partitionPushRing->getLiveLocation( $sigature );
                try {
                        return $this->partitionQueues[$partition]->doDeduplicateRootJob( $job );
                } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                        if ( $this->partitionPushRing->ejectFromLiveRing( $partition, 5 ) ) {
                                $partition = $this->partitionPushRing->getLiveLocation( $sigature );
                                return $this->partitionQueues[$partition]->doDeduplicateRootJob( $job );
                        }
                }

                return false;
        }

        protected function doDelete() {
                $failed = 0;
                /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $queue ) {
                        try {
                                $queue->doDelete();
                        } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                                ++$failed;
                                MWExceptionHandler::logException( $e );
                        }
                }
                $this->throwErrorIfAllPartitionsDown( $failed );
                return true;
        }

        protected function doWaitForBackups() {
                $failed = 0;
                /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $queue ) {
                        try {
                                $queue->waitForBackups();
                        } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                                ++$failed;
                                MWExceptionHandler::logException( $e );
                        }
                }
                $this->throwErrorIfAllPartitionsDown( $failed );
        }

        protected function doGetPeriodicTasks() {
                $tasks = array();
                /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $partition => $queue ) {
                        foreach ( $queue->getPeriodicTasks() as $task => $def ) {
                                $tasks["{$partition}:{$task}"] = $def;
                        }
                }

                return $tasks;
        }

        protected function doFlushCaches() {
                static $types = array(
                        'empty',
                        'size',
                        'acquiredcount',
                        'delayedcount',
                        'abandonedcount'
                );

                foreach ( $types as $type ) {
                        $this->cache->delete( $this->getCacheKey( $type ) );
                }

                /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $queue ) {
                        $queue->doFlushCaches();
                }
        }

        public function getAllQueuedJobs() {
                $iterator = new AppendIterator();

                /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $queue ) {
                        $iterator->append( $queue->getAllQueuedJobs() );
                }

                return $iterator;
        }

        public function getAllDelayedJobs() {
                $iterator = new AppendIterator();

                /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $queue ) {
                        $iterator->append( $queue->getAllDelayedJobs() );
                }

                return $iterator;
        }

        public function getCoalesceLocationInternal() {
                return "JobQueueFederated:wiki:{$this->wiki}" .
                        sha1( serialize( array_keys( $this->partitionQueues ) ) );
        }

        protected function doGetSiblingQueuesWithJobs( array $types ) {
                $result = array();

                $failed = 0;
                /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $queue ) {
                        try {
                                $nonEmpty = $queue->doGetSiblingQueuesWithJobs( $types );
                                if ( is_array( $nonEmpty ) ) {
                                        $result = array_unique( array_merge( $result, $nonEmpty ) );
                                } else {
                                        return null; // not supported on all partitions; bail
                                }
                                if ( count( $result ) == count( $types ) ) {
                                        break; // short-circuit
                                }
                        } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                                ++$failed;
                                MWExceptionHandler::logException( $e );
                        }
                }
                $this->throwErrorIfAllPartitionsDown( $failed );

                return array_values( $result );
        }

        protected function doGetSiblingQueueSizes( array $types ) {
                $result = array();
                $failed = 0;
                /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $queue ) {
                        try {
                                $sizes = $queue->doGetSiblingQueueSizes( $types );
                                if ( is_array( $sizes ) ) {
                                        foreach ( $sizes as $type => $size ) {
                                                $result[$type] = isset( $result[$type] ) ? $result[$type] + $size : $size;
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        return null; // not supported on all partitions; bail
                                }
                        } catch ( JobQueueError $e ) {
                                ++$failed;
                                MWExceptionHandler::logException( $e );
                        }
                }
                $this->throwErrorIfAllPartitionsDown( $failed );

                return $result;
        }

        /**
         * Throw an error if no partitions available
         *
         * @param int $down The number of up partitions down
         * @return void
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        protected function throwErrorIfAllPartitionsDown( $down ) {
                if ( $down >= count( $this->partitionQueues ) ) {
                        throw new JobQueueError( 'No queue partitions available.' );
                }
        }

        public function setTestingPrefix( $key ) {
                /** @var JobQueue $queue */
                foreach ( $this->partitionQueues as $queue ) {
                        $queue->setTestingPrefix( $key );
                }
        }

        /**
         * @param string $property
         * @return string
         */
        private function getCacheKey( $property ) {
                list( $db, $prefix ) = wfSplitWikiID( $this->wiki );

                return wfForeignMemcKey( $db, $prefix, 'jobqueue', $this->type, $property );
        }
}