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[mediawiki.git] / includes / jobqueue / JobQueue.php

<?php
/**
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
 *
 * @file
 */

use Liuggio\StatsdClient\Factory\StatsdDataFactoryInterface;
use MediaWiki\JobQueue\JobFactory;
use MediaWiki\MediaWikiServices;
use Wikimedia\ObjectCache\WANObjectCache;
use Wikimedia\RequestTimeout\TimeoutException;
use Wikimedia\Stats\NullStatsdDataFactory;
use Wikimedia\UUID\GlobalIdGenerator;

/**
 * @defgroup JobQueue JobQueue
 *
 *
 * See [the architecture doc](@ref jobqueuearch) for more information.
 */

/**
 * Base class for queueing and running background jobs from a storage backend.
 *
 * See [the architecture doc](@ref jobqueuearch) for more information.
 *
 * @ingroup JobQueue
 * @since 1.21
 * @stable to extend
 */
abstract class JobQueue {
        /** @var string DB domain ID */
        protected $domain;
        /** @var string Job type */
        protected $type;
        /** @var string Job priority for pop() */
        protected $order;
        /** @var int Time to live in seconds */
        protected $claimTTL;
        /** @var int Maximum number of times to try a job */
        protected $maxTries;
        /** @var string|false Read only rationale (or false if r/w) */
        protected $readOnlyReason;
        /** @var StatsdDataFactoryInterface */
        protected $stats;
        /** @var GlobalIdGenerator */
        protected $idGenerator;

        /** @var WANObjectCache */
        protected $wanCache;

        /** @var bool */
        protected $typeAgnostic;

        private JobFactory $jobFactory;

        /* Bit flag for "all-or-nothing" job insertions */
        protected const QOS_ATOMIC = 1;

        /* Seconds to remember root jobs (28 days) */
        protected const ROOTJOB_TTL = 28 * 24 * 3600;

        /**
         * @stable to call
         *
         * @param array $params
         *       - type : A job type, 'default' if typeAgnostic is set
         *   - domain : A DB domain ID
         *   - idGenerator : A GlobalIdGenerator instance.
         *   - wanCache : An instance of WANObjectCache to use for caching [default: none]
         *   - stats : An instance of StatsdDataFactoryInterface [default: none]
         *   - claimTTL : Seconds a job can be claimed for exclusive execution [default: forever]
         *   - maxTries : Total times a job can be tried, assuming claims expire [default: 3]
         *   - order : Queue order, one of ("fifo", "timestamp", "random") [default: variable]
         *   - readOnlyReason : Mark the queue as read-only with this reason [default: false]
         *   - typeAgnostic : If the jobqueue should operate agnostic to the job types
         * @throws JobQueueError
         *
         */
        protected function __construct( array $params ) {
                $this->domain = $params['domain'] ?? $params['wiki']; // b/c
                $this->type = $params['type'];
                $this->claimTTL = $params['claimTTL'] ?? 0;
                $this->maxTries = $params['maxTries'] ?? 3;
                if ( isset( $params['order'] ) && $params['order'] !== 'any' ) {
                        $this->order = $params['order'];
                } else {
                        $this->order = $this->optimalOrder();
                }
                if ( !in_array( $this->order, $this->supportedOrders() ) ) {
                        throw new JobQueueError( __CLASS__ . " does not support '{$this->order}' order." );
                }
                $this->readOnlyReason = $params['readOnlyReason'] ?? false;
                $this->stats = $params['stats'] ?? new NullStatsdDataFactory();
                $this->wanCache = $params['wanCache'] ?? WANObjectCache::newEmpty();
                $this->idGenerator = $params['idGenerator'];
                if ( ( $params['typeAgnostic'] ?? false ) && !$this->supportsTypeAgnostic() ) {
                        throw new JobQueueError( __CLASS__ . " does not support type agnostic queues." );
                }
                $this->typeAgnostic = ( $params['typeAgnostic'] ?? false );
                if ( $this->typeAgnostic ) {
                        $this->type = 'default';
                }

                $this->jobFactory = MediaWikiServices::getInstance()->getJobFactory();
        }

        /**
         * Get a job queue object of the specified type.
         * $params includes:
         *   - class : What job class to use (determines job type)
         *   - domain : Database domain ID of the wiki the jobs are for (defaults to current wiki)
         *   - type : The name of the job types this queue handles
         *   - order : Order that pop() selects jobs, one of "fifo", "timestamp" or "random".
         *      If "fifo" is used, the queue will effectively be FIFO. Note that job
         *      completion will not appear to be exactly FIFO if there are multiple
         *      job runners since jobs can take different times to finish once popped.
         *      If "timestamp" is used, the queue will at least be loosely ordered
         *      by timestamp, allowing for some jobs to be popped off out of order.
         *      If "random" is used, pop() will pick jobs in random order.
         *      Note that it may only be weakly random (e.g. a lottery of the oldest X).
         *      If "any" is chosen, the queue will use whatever order is the fastest.
         *      This might be useful for improving concurrency for job acquisition.
         *   - claimTTL : If supported, the queue will recycle jobs that have been popped
         *      but not acknowledged as completed after this many seconds. Recycling
         *      of jobs simply means re-inserting them into the queue. Jobs can be
         *      attempted up to three times before being discarded.
         *   - readOnlyReason : Set this to a string to make the queue read-only. [optional]
         *   - idGenerator : A GlobalIdGenerator instance.
         *   - stats  : A StatsdDataFactoryInterface. [optional]
         *
         * Queue classes should throw an exception if they do not support the options given.
         *
         * @param array $params
         * @return JobQueue
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        final public static function factory( array $params ) {
                $class = $params['class'];
                if ( !class_exists( $class ) ) {
                        throw new JobQueueError( "Invalid job queue class '$class'." );
                }

                $obj = new $class( $params );
                if ( !( $obj instanceof self ) ) {
                        throw new JobQueueError( "Class '$class' is not a " . __CLASS__ . " class." );
                }

                return $obj;
        }

        /**
         * @return string Database domain ID
         */
        final public function getDomain() {
                return $this->domain;
        }

        /**
         * @return string Job type that this queue handles
         */
        final public function getType() {
                return $this->type;
        }

        /**
         * @return string One of (random, timestamp, fifo, undefined)
         */
        final public function getOrder() {
                return $this->order;
        }

        /**
         * Get the allowed queue orders for configuration validation
         *
         * @return array Subset of (random, timestamp, fifo, undefined)
         */
        abstract protected function supportedOrders();

        /**
         * Get the default queue order to use if configuration does not specify one
         *
         * @return string One of (random, timestamp, fifo, undefined)
         */
        abstract protected function optimalOrder();

        /**
         * Find out if delayed jobs are supported for configuration validation
         *
         * @stable to override
         * @return bool Whether delayed jobs are supported
         */
        protected function supportsDelayedJobs() {
                return false; // not implemented
        }

        /**
         * @return bool Whether delayed jobs are enabled
         * @since 1.22
         */
        final public function delayedJobsEnabled() {
                return $this->supportsDelayedJobs();
        }

        /**
         * @return string|false Read-only rational or false if r/w
         * @since 1.27
         */
        public function getReadOnlyReason() {
                return $this->readOnlyReason;
        }

        /**
         * Quickly check if the queue has no available (unacquired, non-delayed) jobs.
         * Queue classes should use caching if they are any slower without memcached.
         *
         * If caching is used, this might return false when there are actually no jobs.
         * If pop() is called and returns false then it should correct the cache. Also,
         * calling flushCaches() first prevents this. However, this effect is typically
         * not distinguishable from the race condition between isEmpty() and pop().
         *
         * @return bool
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        final public function isEmpty() {
                $res = $this->doIsEmpty();

                return $res;
        }

        /**
         * @see JobQueue::isEmpty()
         * @return bool
         */
        abstract protected function doIsEmpty();

        /**
         * Get the number of available (unacquired, non-delayed) jobs in the queue.
         * Queue classes should use caching if they are any slower without memcached.
         *
         * If caching is used, this number might be out of date for a minute.
         *
         * @return int
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        final public function getSize() {
                $res = $this->doGetSize();

                return $res;
        }

        /**
         * @see JobQueue::getSize()
         * @return int
         */
        abstract protected function doGetSize();

        /**
         * Get the number of acquired jobs (these are temporarily out of the queue).
         * Queue classes should use caching if they are any slower without memcached.
         *
         * If caching is used, this number might be out of date for a minute.
         *
         * @return int
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        final public function getAcquiredCount() {
                $res = $this->doGetAcquiredCount();

                return $res;
        }

        /**
         * @see JobQueue::getAcquiredCount()
         * @return int
         */
        abstract protected function doGetAcquiredCount();

        /**
         * Get the number of delayed jobs (these are temporarily out of the queue).
         * Queue classes should use caching if they are any slower without memcached.
         *
         * If caching is used, this number might be out of date for a minute.
         *
         * @return int
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @since 1.22
         */
        final public function getDelayedCount() {
                $res = $this->doGetDelayedCount();

                return $res;
        }

        /**
         * @stable to override
         * @see JobQueue::getDelayedCount()
         * @return int
         */
        protected function doGetDelayedCount() {
                return 0; // not implemented
        }

        /**
         * Get the number of acquired jobs that can no longer be attempted.
         * Queue classes should use caching if they are any slower without memcached.
         *
         * If caching is used, this number might be out of date for a minute.
         *
         * @return int
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        final public function getAbandonedCount() {
                $res = $this->doGetAbandonedCount();

                return $res;
        }

        /**
         * @stable to override
         * @see JobQueue::getAbandonedCount()
         * @return int
         */
        protected function doGetAbandonedCount() {
                return 0; // not implemented
        }

        /**
         * Push one or more jobs into the queue.
         * This does not require $wgJobClasses to be set for the given job type.
         * Outside callers should use JobQueueGroup::push() instead of this function.
         *
         * @param IJobSpecification|IJobSpecification[] $jobs
         * @param int $flags Bitfield (supports JobQueue::QOS_ATOMIC)
         * @return void
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        final public function push( $jobs, $flags = 0 ) {
                $jobs = is_array( $jobs ) ? $jobs : [ $jobs ];
                $this->batchPush( $jobs, $flags );
        }

        /**
         * Push a batch of jobs into the queue.
         * This does not require $wgJobClasses to be set for the given job type.
         * Outside callers should use JobQueueGroup::push() instead of this function.
         *
         * @param IJobSpecification[] $jobs
         * @param int $flags Bitfield (supports JobQueue::QOS_ATOMIC)
         * @return void
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        final public function batchPush( array $jobs, $flags = 0 ) {
                $this->assertNotReadOnly();

                if ( $jobs === [] ) {
                        return; // nothing to do
                }

                foreach ( $jobs as $job ) {
                        $this->assertMatchingJobType( $job );
                        if ( $job->getReleaseTimestamp() && !$this->supportsDelayedJobs() ) {
                                throw new JobQueueError(
                                        "Got delayed '{$job->getType()}' job; delays are not supported." );
                        }
                }

                $this->doBatchPush( $jobs, $flags );

                foreach ( $jobs as $job ) {
                        if ( $job->isRootJob() ) {
                                $this->deduplicateRootJob( $job );
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * @see JobQueue::batchPush()
         * @param IJobSpecification[] $jobs
         * @param int $flags
         */
        abstract protected function doBatchPush( array $jobs, $flags );

        /**
         * Pop a job off of the queue.
         * This requires $wgJobClasses to be set for the given job type.
         * Outside callers should use JobQueueGroup::pop() instead of this function.
         *
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @return RunnableJob|false Returns false if there are no jobs
         */
        final public function pop() {
                $this->assertNotReadOnly();

                $job = $this->doPop();

                // Flag this job as an old duplicate based on its "root" job...
                try {
                        if ( $job && $this->isRootJobOldDuplicate( $job ) ) {
                                $this->incrStats( 'dupe_pops', $job->getType() );
                                $job = DuplicateJob::newFromJob( $job ); // convert to a no-op
                        }
                } catch ( TimeoutException $e ) {
                        throw $e;
                } catch ( Exception $e ) {
                        // don't lose jobs over this
                }

                return $job;
        }

        /**
         * @see JobQueue::pop()
         * @return RunnableJob|false
         */
        abstract protected function doPop();

        /**
         * Acknowledge that a job was completed.
         *
         * This does nothing for certain queue classes or if "claimTTL" is not set.
         * Outside callers should use JobQueueGroup::ack() instead of this function.
         *
         * @param RunnableJob $job
         * @return void
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        final public function ack( RunnableJob $job ) {
                $this->assertNotReadOnly();
                $this->assertMatchingJobType( $job );

                $this->doAck( $job );
        }

        /**
         * @see JobQueue::ack()
         * @param RunnableJob $job
         */
        abstract protected function doAck( RunnableJob $job );

        /**
         * Register the "root job" of a given job into the queue for de-duplication.
         * This should only be called right *after* all the new jobs have been inserted.
         * This is used to turn older, duplicate, job entries into no-ops. The root job
         * information will remain in the registry until it simply falls out of cache.
         *
         * This requires that $job has two special fields in the "params" array:
         *   - rootJobSignature : hash (e.g. SHA1) that identifies the task
         *   - rootJobTimestamp : TS_MW timestamp of this instance of the task
         *
         * A "root job" is a conceptual job that consist of potentially many smaller jobs
         * that are actually inserted into the queue. For example, "refreshLinks" jobs are
         * spawned when a template is edited. One can think of the task as "update links
         * of pages that use template X" and an instance of that task as a "root job".
         * However, what actually goes into the queue are range and leaf job subtypes.
         * Since these jobs include things like page ID ranges and DB primary positions,
         * and can morph into smaller jobs recursively, simple duplicate detection
         * for individual jobs being identical (like that of job_sha1) is not useful.
         *
         * In the case of "refreshLinks", if these jobs are still in the queue when the template
         * is edited again, we want all of these old refreshLinks jobs for that template to become
         * no-ops. This can greatly reduce server load, since refreshLinks jobs involves parsing.
         * Essentially, the new batch of jobs belong to a new "root job" and the older ones to a
         * previous "root job" for the same task of "update links of pages that use template X".
         *
         * This does nothing for certain queue classes.
         *
         * @internal For use within JobQueue only
         * @param IJobSpecification $job
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @return bool
         */
        final public function deduplicateRootJob( IJobSpecification $job ) {
                $this->assertNotReadOnly();
                $this->assertMatchingJobType( $job );

                return $this->doDeduplicateRootJob( $job );
        }

        /**
         * @stable to override
         * @see JobQueue::deduplicateRootJob()
         * @param IJobSpecification $job
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @return bool
         */
        protected function doDeduplicateRootJob( IJobSpecification $job ) {
                $params = $job->hasRootJobParams() ? $job->getRootJobParams() : null;
                if ( !$params ) {
                        throw new JobQueueError( "Cannot register root job; missing parameters." );
                }

                $key = $this->getRootJobCacheKey( $params['rootJobSignature'], $job->getType() );
                // Callers should call JobQueueGroup::push() before this method so that if the
                // insert fails, the de-duplication registration will be aborted. Having only the
                // de-duplication registration succeed would cause jobs to become no-ops without
                // any actual jobs that made them redundant.
                $timestamp = $this->wanCache->get( $key ); // last known timestamp of such a root job
                if ( $timestamp !== false && $timestamp >= $params['rootJobTimestamp'] ) {
                        return true; // a newer version of this root job was enqueued
                }

                // Update the timestamp of the last root job started at the location...
                return $this->wanCache->set( $key, $params['rootJobTimestamp'], self::ROOTJOB_TTL );
        }

        /**
         * Check if the "root" job of a given job has been superseded by a newer one
         *
         * @param IJobSpecification $job
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @return bool
         */
        final protected function isRootJobOldDuplicate( IJobSpecification $job ) {
                $this->assertMatchingJobType( $job );

                return $this->doIsRootJobOldDuplicate( $job );
        }

        /**
         * @stable to override
         * @see JobQueue::isRootJobOldDuplicate()
         * @param IJobSpecification $job
         * @return bool
         */
        protected function doIsRootJobOldDuplicate( IJobSpecification $job ) {
                $params = $job->hasRootJobParams() ? $job->getRootJobParams() : null;
                if ( !$params ) {
                        return false; // job has no de-duplication info
                }

                $key = $this->getRootJobCacheKey( $params['rootJobSignature'], $job->getType() );
                // Get the last time this root job was enqueued
                $timestamp = $this->wanCache->get( $key );
                if ( $timestamp === false || $params['rootJobTimestamp'] > $timestamp ) {
                        // Update the timestamp of the last known root job started at the location...
                        $this->wanCache->set( $key, $params['rootJobTimestamp'], self::ROOTJOB_TTL );
                }

                // Check if a new root job was started at the location after this one's...
                return ( $timestamp && $timestamp > $params['rootJobTimestamp'] );
        }

        /**
         * @param string $signature Hash identifier of the root job
         * @param string $type job type
         * @return string
         */
        protected function getRootJobCacheKey( $signature, $type ) {
                return $this->wanCache->makeGlobalKey(
                        'jobqueue',
                        $this->domain,
                        $type,
                        'rootjob',
                        $signature
                );
        }

        /**
         * Delete all unclaimed and delayed jobs from the queue
         *
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @since 1.22
         * @return void
         */
        final public function delete() {
                $this->assertNotReadOnly();

                $this->doDelete();
        }

        /**
         * @stable to override
         * @see JobQueue::delete()
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        protected function doDelete() {
                throw new JobQueueError( "This method is not implemented." );
        }

        /**
         * Wait for any replica DBs or backup servers to catch up.
         *
         * This does nothing for certain queue classes.
         *
         * @return void
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        final public function waitForBackups() {
                $this->doWaitForBackups();
        }

        /**
         * @stable to override
         * @see JobQueue::waitForBackups()
         * @return void
         */
        protected function doWaitForBackups() {
        }

        /**
         * Clear any process and persistent caches
         *
         * @return void
         */
        final public function flushCaches() {
                $this->doFlushCaches();
        }

        /**
         * @stable to override
         * @see JobQueue::flushCaches()
         * @return void
         */
        protected function doFlushCaches() {
        }

        /**
         * Get an iterator to traverse over all available jobs in this queue.
         * This does not include jobs that are currently acquired or delayed.
         * Note: results may be stale if the queue is concurrently modified.
         *
         * @return Iterator<RunnableJob>
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        abstract public function getAllQueuedJobs();

        /**
         * Get an iterator to traverse over all delayed jobs in this queue.
         * Note: results may be stale if the queue is concurrently modified.
         *
         * @stable to override
         * @return Iterator<RunnableJob>
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @since 1.22
         */
        public function getAllDelayedJobs() {
                return new ArrayIterator( [] ); // not implemented
        }

        /**
         * Get an iterator to traverse over all claimed jobs in this queue
         *
         * Callers should be quick to iterator over it or few results
         * will be returned due to jobs being acknowledged and deleted
         *
         * @stable to override
         * @return Iterator<RunnableJob>
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @since 1.26
         */
        public function getAllAcquiredJobs() {
                return new ArrayIterator( [] ); // not implemented
        }

        /**
         * Get an iterator to traverse over all abandoned jobs in this queue
         *
         * @stable to override
         * @return Iterator<RunnableJob>
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @since 1.25
         */
        public function getAllAbandonedJobs() {
                return new ArrayIterator( [] ); // not implemented
        }

        /**
         * Do not use this function outside of JobQueue/JobQueueGroup
         *
         * @stable to override
         * @return string|null
         * @since 1.22
         */
        public function getCoalesceLocationInternal() {
                return null;
        }

        /**
         * Check whether each of the given queues are empty.
         * This is used for batching checks for queues stored at the same place.
         *
         * @param array $types List of queues types
         * @return array|null (list of non-empty queue types) or null if unsupported
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @since 1.22
         */
        final public function getSiblingQueuesWithJobs( array $types ) {
                return $this->doGetSiblingQueuesWithJobs( $types );
        }

        /**
         * @stable to override
         * @see JobQueue::getSiblingQueuesWithJobs()
         * @param array $types List of queues types
         * @return array|null (list of queue types) or null if unsupported
         */
        protected function doGetSiblingQueuesWithJobs( array $types ) {
                return null; // not supported
        }

        /**
         * Check the size of each of the given queues.
         * For queues not served by the same store as this one, 0 is returned.
         * This is used for batching checks for queues stored at the same place.
         *
         * @param array $types List of queues types
         * @return array|null (job type => whether queue is empty) or null if unsupported
         * @throws JobQueueError
         * @since 1.22
         */
        final public function getSiblingQueueSizes( array $types ) {
                return $this->doGetSiblingQueueSizes( $types );
        }

        /**
         * @stable to override
         * @see JobQueue::getSiblingQueuesSize()
         * @param array $types List of queues types
         * @return array|null (list of queue types) or null if unsupported
         */
        protected function doGetSiblingQueueSizes( array $types ) {
                return null; // not supported
        }

        /**
         * @param string $command
         * @param array $params
         * @return Job
         */
        protected function factoryJob( $command, $params ) {
                return $this->jobFactory->newJob( $command, $params );
        }

        /**
         * @throws JobQueueReadOnlyError
         */
        protected function assertNotReadOnly() {
                if ( $this->readOnlyReason !== false ) {
                        throw new JobQueueReadOnlyError( "Job queue is read-only: {$this->readOnlyReason}" );
                }
        }

        /**
         * @param IJobSpecification $job
         * @throws JobQueueError
         */
        private function assertMatchingJobType( IJobSpecification $job ) {
                if ( $this->typeAgnostic ) {
                        return;
                }
                if ( $job->getType() !== $this->type ) {
                        throw new JobQueueError( "Got '{$job->getType()}' job; expected '{$this->type}'." );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Call StatsdDataFactoryInterface::updateCount() for the queue overall and for the queue type
         *
         * @param string $key Event type
         * @param string $type Job type
         * @param int $delta
         * @since 1.22
         */
        protected function incrStats( $key, $type, $delta = 1 ) {
                $this->stats->updateCount( "jobqueue.{$key}.all", $delta );
                $this->stats->updateCount( "jobqueue.{$key}.{$type}", $delta );
        }

        /**
         * Subclasses should set this to true if they support type agnostic queues
         *
         * @return bool
         * @since 1.38
         */
        protected function supportsTypeAgnostic(): bool {
                return false;
        }
}