1 [[de:Literatur]][[eo:Literaturo]][[fr:Littérature]][[nl:Literatuur]][[pl:Literatura]][[pt:Literatura]][[es:literatura]]
2 '''Literature''' is literally "an acquaintance with letters" (as in the first sense given in the [[Oxford English Dictionary]]), but has generally come to identify a collection of [[text]]s. Nations can have literatures, as can corporations, philosophical schools or historical periods. It is commonly held that a literature of a nation, for example, is the collection of texts which make it a whole nation. The [[Hebrew]] [[Bible]], [[Beowulf]], the [[Iliad]] and the [[Odyssey]] and the [[American]] [[Constitution]] all fall within this definition of a kind of literature. More generally, a literature is equated with a collection of stories, poems and plays that revolve around a particular topic. In this case, the stories, poems and plays may or may not have nationalistic implications. The [[Western Canon]] is one such literature.
4 Classifying a specific item as being part of a literature (be it [[American literature]], advertising literature, [[gay and lesbian literature]] or [[Roman literature]]) is very difficult. To some people, "literature" can be broadly applied to any symbolic record which can include images, [[sculpture]]s, as well as letters. To others, a literature must only include examples of text composed of letters, or other narrowly defined examples of symbolic written language ([[hieroglyph]]s, for example). Even more conservative interpreters of the concept would demand that the text have a physical form, usually on paper or some other portable form, to the exclusion of inscriptions or digital media.
6 Frequently, these boundaries are crossed by the texts that make up literature. Illustrated stories, [[hypertext]]s, cave paintings and inscribed monuments have all at one time or another pressed the boundaries of what is and is not literature.
8 === Forms of literature ===
9 A [[short story]] is prose writing of less than 20,000 words (and usually more than 500 words) which may or may not have a narrative arc. If a fiction story is more than 20,000 (appox.) words it is called a [[novella]]. Beyond that, say into the 50,000 (approx.) word range and above, a fiction text is called a [[novel]].
11 An [[essay]] is a discussion of a topic from an author's personal point of view. A [[memoir]] is the story of an author's life from his personal point of view. An [[epistle]] is reserved for formal, didactic, or elegant [[letter]]s.
13 [[Comic]]s are generally illustrated pictures with explanatory text added for character lines and story commentary.
15 A [[poem]] is a metrical composition; a composition in verse written in certain measures, whether in blank verse or in rhyme, and characterized by imagination and poetic diction.
17 A [[play]] is a common literary form comprised chiefly of dialog between characters, usually intendeded for [[theatre]] performance rather than reading.
19 === Genres of literature ===
20 :[[Alternate history]]
24 :[[Children's literature]]
25 :[[Constrained writing]]
26 :[[diary|Diaries and Journals]]
28 :[[Detective fiction|Detective]]
30 :[[Fantasy fiction|Fantasy]]
31 :[[Gothic Literature|Gothic]]
32 :[[Historic fiction|Historic]]
33 :[[Horror fiction|Horror]]
35 :[[Mystery fiction|Mystery]]
36 :[[Romance fiction|Romance]]
39 :The [[Slave narrative]]
43 === Literary techniques ===
45 :[[First-person narrative]]
46 :[[Omniscient narrator]]
47 :[[Story within a story]]
49 :[[Fictional guidebook]]
53 === Literary figures ===
60 :[[Short story author]]s
62 '''Literary movements'''
64 Also see [[Cultural movement]] for literary movements.
67 *[http://www.HavenWorks.com/books Free Books & Book Reviews Online:] http://www.HavenWorks.com/books