2 Mesa Unix/X11 Information
9 There are two ways to compile Mesa on Unix/X11 systems:
12 First type 'make' alone to see the list of system
13 configurations currently supported. If you see your configuration on the
14 list, type 'make <config>'. Most popular Unix/X workstations are currently
17 If your system configuration is not listed by 'make', you'll have to modify
18 the top-level Makefile and Make-config files. There are instructions in
21 When finished, the Mesa libraries will be in the Mesa-x.y/lib/ directory.
25 Type './configure' and then 'make'. This uses GNU autoconfig.
26 Run 'make check' to build the demos.
27 See docs/INSTALL for more details.
28 When finished, the Mesa libraries will be in the Mesa-x.y/src/.libs/,
29 Mesa-x.y/si-glu/.libs, etc directories.
32 Notes on assembly language optimizations:
34 When using the old-style Makefiles, you can specify a configuration
35 that uses X86 assembly language optimizations (linux-3dnow for example).
37 The detection of MMX, 3DNow!, PIII/SSE, etc capability is done at
38 runtime. That means you can compile Mesa for 3DNow! optimizations
39 even if you don't have an AMD CPU.
41 However, your Linux binutils and assembler must understand the
42 special instructions in order to compile them. If you have
43 compilation problems, try upgrading your binutils.
46 Header and library files:
47 After you've compiled Mesa and tried the demos I recommend the following
48 procedure for "installing" Mesa.
50 Copy the Mesa include/GL directory to /usr/local/include:
51 cp -r include/GL /usr/local/include
53 Copy the Mesa library files to /usr/local/lib:
54 cp lib/* /usr/local/lib
56 (actually, use "cp -d" on Linux to preserve symbolic links)
60 If you want to use Mesa or OpenGL in your Xt/Motif program you can build
61 the widgets found in either the widgets-mesa or widgets-sgi directories.
62 The former were written for Mesa and the later are the original SGI
63 widgets. Look in those directories for more information.
67 HP users: a Mesa user reports that the HP-UX 10.01 C compiler has
68 a bug which effects glReadPixels. A patch for the compiler (PHSS_5743) is
69 available. Otherwise be sure your compiler is version 10.13 or later.
71 QNX users: if you have problems running the demos try setting the
72 stack size to 200K or larger with -N200K, for example.
74 SunOS 5.x users: The X shared memory extension may not work
75 correctly. If Mesa prints an error message to the effect of "Shared memory
76 error" then you'll have to append the following three lines to the end of
77 your /etc/system file then reboot:
78 set shmsys:shminfo_shmmax = 0x2000000
79 set shmsys:shminfo_shmmni = 0x1000
80 set shmsys:shminfo_shmseg = 0x100
87 Configuration options:
88 The file src/mesa/main/config.h has many parameters which you can adjust
89 such as maximum number of lights, clipping planes, maximum texture size,
90 etc. In particular, you may want to change DEPTH_BITS from 16 to 32
91 if a 16-bit depth buffer isn't precise enough for your application.
95 If you compile shared libraries you may have to set an environment
96 variable to specify where the Mesa libraries are located. On Linux and
97 Sun systems for example, set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable to include
98 /your-dir/Mesa-2.6/lib. Otherwise, when you try to run a demo it
99 may fail with a message saying that one or more libraries couldn't be
103 Remote display of OpenGL/GLX programs:
104 As of version 1.2.3, Mesa's header files use the same GLenum and GLUenum
105 values as SGI's (and most/all other vendor's) OpenGL headers. This means
106 you can freely mix object files compiled with OpenGL or Mesa headers.
107 In fact, on systems with dynamic runtime linkers it's possible to dynam-
108 ically link with Mesa or OpenGL shared libraries at runtime, without
109 recompiling or relinking anything!
111 Using IRIX 5.x as an example, you can run SGI's OpenGL demos with the
112 Mesa shared libraries as follows. Let's assume you're installing Mesa
113 in /usr/local/Mesa and using the C-shell:
116 % setenv _RLD_LIST "/usr/local/Mesa/lib/libGL.so:DEFAULT"
117 % /usr/demos/bin/ideas_ogl // this is a test
119 You can now run OpenGL executables on almost any X display! There may
120 be some problems from the fact that Mesa supports many X visual types
121 that an OpenGL client may not expect (grayscale for example). In this
122 case the application may abort, print error messages, or just behave
123 strangely. You may have to experiment with the MESA_RGB_VISUAL envi-
128 Two versions of the Xt/Motif OpenGL drawing area widgets are included:
130 widgets-sgi/ SGI's stock widgets
131 widgets-mesa/ Mesa-tuned widgets
133 Look in those directories for details
137 Togl is an OpenGL/Mesa widget for Tcl/Tk.
138 See http://togl.sourceforge.net for more information.
143 Mesa supports RGB(A) rendering into almost any X visual type and depth.
145 The glXChooseVisual function tries its best to pick an appropriate visual
146 for the given attribute list. However, if this doesn't suit your needs
147 you can force Mesa to use any X visual you want (any supported by your
148 X server that is) by setting the MESA_RGB_VISUAL and MESA_CI_VISUAL
149 environment variables. When an RGB visual is requested, glXChooseVisual
150 will first look if the MESA_RGB_VISUAL variable is defined. If so, it
151 will try to use the specified visual. Similarly, when a color index
152 visual is requested, glXChooseVisual will look for the MESA_CI_VISUAL
155 The format of accepted values is: <visual-class> <depth>
156 Here are some examples:
159 % setenv MESA_RGB_VISUAL "TrueColor 8" // 8-bit TrueColor
160 % setenv MESA_CI_VISUAL "PseudoColor 12" // 12-bit PseudoColor
161 % setenv MESA_RGB_VISUAL "PseudoColor 8" // 8-bit PseudoColor
164 $ export MESA_RGB_VISUAL="TrueColor 8"
165 $ export MESA_CI_VISUAL="PseudoColor 12"
166 $ export MESA_RGB_VISUAL="PseudoColor 8"
170 Mesa can use either an X Pixmap or XImage as the backbuffer when in
171 double buffer mode. Using GLX, the default is to use an XImage. The
172 MESA_BACK_BUFFER environment variable can override this. The valid
173 values for MESA_BACK_BUFFER are: Pixmap and XImage (only the first
174 letter is checked, case doesn't matter).
176 A pixmap is faster when drawing simple lines and polygons while an
177 XImage is faster when Mesa has to do pixel-by-pixel rendering. If you
178 need depth buffering the XImage will almost surely be faster. Exper-
179 iment with the MESA_BACK_BUFFER variable to see which is faster for
184 When using Mesa directly or with GLX, it's up to the application writer
185 to create a window with an appropriate colormap. The aux, tk, and GLUT
186 toolkits try to minimize colormap "flashing" by sharing colormaps when
187 possible. Specifically, if the visual and depth of the window matches
188 that of the root window, the root window's colormap will be shared by
189 the Mesa window. Otherwise, a new, private colormap will be allocated.
191 When sharing the root colormap, Mesa may be unable to allocate the colors
192 it needs, resulting in poor color quality. This can happen when a
193 large number of colorcells in the root colormap are already allocated.
194 To prevent colormap sharing in aux, tk and GLUT, define the environment
195 variable MESA_PRIVATE_CMAP. The value isn't significant.
199 To compensate for the nonlinear relationship between pixel values
200 and displayed intensities, there is a gamma correction feature in
201 Mesa. Some systems, such as Silicon Graphics, support gamma
202 correction in hardware (man gamma) so you won't need to use Mesa's
203 gamma facility. Other systems, however, may need gamma adjustment
204 to produce images which look correct. If in the past you thought
205 Mesa's images were too dim, read on.
207 Gamma correction is controlled with the MESA_GAMMA environment
208 variable. Its value is of the form "Gr Gg Gb" or just "G" where
209 Gr is the red gamma value, Gg is the green gamma value, Gb is the
210 blue gamma value and G is one gamma value to use for all three
211 channels. Each value is a positive real number typically in the
212 range 1.0 to 2.5. The defaults are all 1.0, effectively disabling
213 gamma correction. Examples using csh:
215 % setenv MESA_GAMMA "2.3 2.2 2.4" // separate R,G,B values
216 % setenv MESA_GAMMA "2.0" // same gamma for R,G,B
218 The demos/gamma.c program may help you to determine reasonable gamma
219 value for your display. With correct gamma values, the color intensities
220 displayed in the top row (drawn by dithering) should nearly match those
221 in the bottom row (drawn as grays).
223 Alex De Bruyn reports that gamma values of 1.6, 1.6 and 1.9 work well
224 on HP displays using the HP-ColorRecovery technology.
226 Mesa implements gamma correction with a lookup table which translates
227 a "linear" pixel value to a gamma-corrected pixel value. There is a
228 small performance penalty. Gamma correction only works in RGB mode.
229 Also be aware that pixel values read back from the frame buffer will
230 not be "un-corrected" so glReadPixels may not return the same data
231 drawn with glDrawPixels.
233 For more information about gamma correction see:
234 http://www.inforamp.net/~poynton/notes/colour_and_gamma/GammaFAQ.html
239 Overlay planes in the frame buffer are supported by Mesa but require
240 hardware and X server support. To determine if your X server has
241 overlay support you can test for the SERVER_OVERLAY_VISUALS property:
243 xprop -root | grep SERVER_OVERLAY_VISUALS
246 HPCR glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) dithering
248 If you set the MESA_HPCR_CLEAR environment variable then dithering
249 will be used when clearing the color buffer. This is only applicable
250 to HP systems with the HPCR (Color Recovery) system.
255 There are three Mesa-specific GLX extensions at this time.
257 GLX_MESA_pixmap_colormap
259 This extension adds the GLX function:
261 GLXPixmap glXCreateGLXPixmapMESA( Display *dpy, XVisualInfo *visual,
262 Pixmap pixmap, Colormap cmap )
264 It is an alternative to the standard glXCreateGLXPixmap() function.
265 Since Mesa supports RGB rendering into any X visual, not just True-
266 Color or DirectColor, Mesa needs colormap information to convert RGB
267 values into pixel values. An X window carries this information but a
268 pixmap does not. This function associates a colormap to a GLX pixmap.
269 See the xdemos/glxpixmap.c file for an example of how to use this
272 GLX_MESA_release_buffers
274 Mesa associates a set of ancillary (depth, accumulation, stencil and
275 alpha) buffers with each X window it draws into. These ancillary
276 buffers are allocated for each X window the first time the X window
277 is passed to glXMakeCurrent(). Mesa, however, can't detect when an
278 X window has been destroyed in order to free the ancillary buffers.
280 The best it can do is to check for recently destroyed windows whenever
281 the client calls the glXCreateContext() or glXDestroyContext()
282 functions. This may not be sufficient in all situations though.
284 The GLX_MESA_release_buffers extension allows a client to explicitly
285 deallocate the ancillary buffers by calling glxReleaseBuffersMESA()
286 just before an X window is destroyed. For example:
288 #ifdef GLX_MESA_release_buffers
289 glXReleaseBuffersMESA( dpy, window );
291 XDestroyWindow( dpy, window );
293 This extension is new in Mesa 2.0.
295 GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer
297 This extension adds the glXCopySubBufferMESA() function. It works
298 like glXSwapBuffers() but only copies a sub-region of the window
299 instead of the whole window.
301 This extension is new in Mesa version 2.6
305 Summary of X-related environment variables:
306 MESA_RGB_VISUAL - specifies the X visual and depth for RGB mode (X only)
307 MESA_CI_VISUAL - specifies the X visual and depth for CI mode (X only)
308 MESA_BACK_BUFFER - specifies how to implement the back color buffer (X only)
309 MESA_PRIVATE_CMAP - force aux/tk libraries to use private colormaps (X only)
310 MESA_GAMMA - gamma correction coefficients (X only)
313 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
314 $Id: README.X11,v 3.11 2003/12/17 15:14:31 brianp Exp $