1 Solving keyboard related problems
3 and GNU Midnight Commander
4 (and other programs as well).
6 Xterm brings a handful of problems with input keys and their translations.
7 Some of these problems include xterm's failure to make a difference between
8 shifted and not shifted function keys (many keyboards do not have more than
9 10 or 12 function keys, so it is useful to generate higher function keys (11
10 - 20) by pressing Shift and function key - 10 (e.g. Shift+F3 is F13). Xterm
11 also doesn't send Alt+character and Meta+character as something other than
12 plain character. Also, home key does not work on most systems. And keypad
13 operator characters (+, -, /, *) send different sequences than normal +, -,
14 /, * (or sometimes do not send anything).
16 Please note that if you want to use the Alt key on an XTerm, you have to
19 XTerm*eightBitInput: false
21 Otherwise, you will just get accented keys.
23 Fortunately this can be solved, since xterm is written on top of the
24 X Toolkit Intrinsics, which has a built-in feature of event translation
25 tables that can be specified using X resources. This doesn't apply to rxvt,
26 where the only solution to this problem would be patching rxvt's sources and
27 recompiling. So from now on, we are speaking only about xterm (and its
28 modifications, like color_xterm and ansi_xterm).
30 Xterm brings two new Xt widgets (if you don't know what they are it doesn't
31 matter), vt100 and tek4014 (these are used for the terminal display in vt100
32 and tektronics mode). The translation table is specified in
33 *vt100.translations and *tek4014.translations resources.
34 You can see a sample in xterm.ad file in this directory.
36 If you want to install these translations, bear in mind that you have to
37 keep your terminfo and termcap in sync with these. So if you install
38 xterm.ad, you have to install xterm.ti and xterm.tcap (or do necessary
41 xterm.ad has to be loaded into the Xrm (X resource manager), either by xterm
42 itself or by xrdb utility. There are many places you may want to install it
43 to; the decision is yours. Preferably it should go to your personal
44 $HOME/.Xdefaults file (if you have any). This file is automatically loaded
45 using xrdb whenever you start the X server (it is done by startx and openwin
46 scripts). Another possibility is to put this into
47 $X11ROOT/lib/X11/app-defaults/XTerm or wherever your app-defaults file of
48 xterm is and whatever is its name (sometimes it will have to be XTerm-ansi,
49 XTerm-color etc.) Or you can put this anywhere and call
51 from any script you run on X11 startup.
53 xterm.ti (terminfo database source) is installed by running `tic xterm.ti'.
54 tic will compile it and place it into your TERMINFO directory.
56 xterm.tcap is the xterm (and xterm-color) termcap entry. It is based on the
57 newest termcap database from http://www.ccil.org/~esr/ncurses.html, but
58 contains a bunch of changes to make all the above mentioned keys work. Even
59 if mc is compiled so that it uses terminfo, you need to install the termcap
60 entry so that other programs which use termcap will behave correctly. You
61 have to edit your /etc/termcap and replace xterm and xterm-color entries
62 with those from xterm.tcap.
64 The xterm.ad translation table contains many items (some of them may be
65 unnecessary) but are included only to make it work on all different xterms
66 (xterm terminfo and termcap databases have different sequences for the same
67 keys in every different database, so xterm.ad works as a standard to make
68 xterm.ti and termcap happy). If you find that xterm works well even if you
69 delete some lines from the translations, feel free to do it.
71 By default, Alt+character keys received by mc are generated in xterm.ad by
72 Alt modifier plus the key. On some systems, you may want to change this to
73 the Meta modifier (e.g. if the Alt modifier is missing). You do it by
74 replacing a letter s at the beginning of table lines with letter m.
76 And what you might want to know, if you are going to change anything, is:
78 modifiers<Key>keyname: string("something") \n\
79 where modifiers can be:
83 button1 (2, 3) for mouse buttons.
85 The string is generated whenever the named key is pressed while the
86 modifiers are in a state matching the specification. Naming a modifier
87 specifies that the modifier must be pressed. A ~ in front of a modifier
88 name specifies that the modifier must NOT be pressed. If the set of
89 modifiers is preceded by !, unmentioned modifiers must not be
90 pressed; otherwise their state is ignored.
92 After <Key> you specify a name of the key (if you don't know a canonical
93 name of any key, see $X11ROOT/include/X11/keysymdef.h (keynames are the
94 names there without leading XK_). Then there can be any sequence of string
95 statements which send the string to the tty line, as if the user typed that
96 sequence of characters. If it has the form string(0xXX), where X's are
97 hexadecimal digits, then the ascii character of that value is sent rather
100 This is a subset of all the translation table features. If you want a
101 complete reference, see xterm(1) and X Toolkit Intrinsics manual Appendix B.
103 Please, if you find any problems or errors in this stuff, let me know by
105 mc-devel@lists.midnight-commander.org.