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4 .\" Copyright (c) 1998, 2000 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
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35 .Nd size-bounded string copying and concatenation
41 .Fn strlcpy "char *dst" "const char *src" "size_t size"
43 .Fn strlcat "char *dst" "const char *src" "size_t size"
49 functions copy and concatenate strings respectively.
51 to be safer, more consistent, and less error prone replacements for
55 Unlike those functions,
59 take the full size of the buffer (not just the length) and guarantee to
60 NUL-terminate the result (as long as
62 is larger than 0 or, in the case of
64 as long as there is at least one byte free in
66 Note that you should include a byte for the NUL in
78 must be NUL-terminated and for
84 must be NUL-terminated.
90 - 1 characters from the NUL-terminated string
94 NUL-terminating the result.
98 function appends the NUL-terminated string
102 It will append at most
104 - strlen(dst) - 1 bytes, NUL-terminating the result.
110 functions return the total length of the string they tried to create.
113 that means the length of
117 that means the initial length of
122 While this may seem somewhat confusing it was done to make
123 truncation detection simple.
125 Note however, that if
129 characters without finding a NUL, the length of the string is considered
132 and the destination string will not be NUL-terminated (since there was
133 no space for the NUL).
136 from running off the end of a string.
137 In practice this should not happen (as it means that either
144 The check exists to prevent potential security problems in incorrect code.
146 The following code fragment illustrates the simple case:
147 .Bd -literal -offset indent
148 char *s, *p, buf[BUFSIZ];
152 (void)strlcpy(buf, s, sizeof(buf));
153 (void)strlcat(buf, p, sizeof(buf));
156 To detect truncation, perhaps while building a pathname, something
157 like the following might be used:
158 .Bd -literal -offset indent
159 char *dir, *file, pname[MAXPATHLEN];
163 if (strlcpy(pname, dir, sizeof(pname)) \*[Ge] sizeof(pname))
165 if (strlcat(pname, file, sizeof(pname)) \*[Ge] sizeof(pname))
169 Since we know how many characters we copied the first time, we can
170 speed things up a bit by using a copy instead of an append:
171 .Bd -literal -offset indent
172 char *dir, *file, pname[MAXPATHLEN];
177 n = strlcpy(pname, dir, sizeof(pname));
178 if (n \*[Ge] sizeof(pname))
180 if (strlcpy(pname + n, file, sizeof(pname) - n) \*[Ge] sizeof(pname) - n)
184 However, one may question the validity of such optimizations, as they
185 defeat the whole purpose of
196 .%T strlcpy and strlcat -- Consistent, Safe, String Copy and Concatenation
197 .%I USENIX Association
198 .%B Proceedings of the FREENIX Track: 1999 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
200 .%U http://www.usenix.org/publications/library/proceedings/usenix99/full_papers/millert/millert.pdf
207 functions first appeared in