boot/boot.c

   1 /*      boot.c - Load and start Minix.                  Author: Kees J. Bot
   2  *                                                              27 Dec 1991
   3  */
   4
   5 char version[]=         "2.20";
   6
   7 #define BIOS    (!UNIX)         /* Either uses BIOS or UNIX syscalls. */
   8
   9 #define nil 0
  10 #define _POSIX_SOURCE   1
  11 #define _MINIX          1
  12 #include <stddef.h>
  13 #include <sys/types.h>
  14 #include <sys/stat.h>
  15 #include <stdlib.h>
  16 #include <stdio.h>
  17 #include <limits.h>
  18 #include <string.h>
  19 #include <errno.h>
  20 #include <ibm/partition.h>
  21 #include <ibm/bios.h>
  22 #include <minix/config.h>
  23 #include <minix/type.h>
  24 #include <minix/dmap.h>
  25 #include <minix/const.h>
  26 #include <minix/minlib.h>
  27 #include <minix/syslib.h>
  28 #if BIOS
  29 #include <kernel/const.h>
  30 #include <sys/video.h>
  31 #endif
  32 #if UNIX
  33 #include <stdio.h>
  34 #include <time.h>
  35 #include <unistd.h>
  36 #include <fcntl.h>
  37 #include <signal.h>
  38 #include <termios.h>
  39 #endif
  40 #include "rawfs.h"
  41 #undef EXTERN
  42 #define EXTERN  /* Empty */
  43 #include "boot.h"
  44
  45 #define arraysize(a)            (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
  46 #define arraylimit(a)           ((a) + arraysize(a))
  47 #define between(a, c, z)        ((unsigned) ((c) - (a)) <= ((z) - (a)))
  48
  49 int serial_line = -1;
  50
  51 u16_t vid_port;         /* Video i/o port. */
  52 u32_t vid_mem_base;     /* Video memory base address. */
  53 u32_t vid_mem_size;     /* Video memory size. */
  54
  55 int fsok= -1;           /* File system state.  Initially unknown. */
  56
  57 static int block_size;
  58
  59 #if BIOS
  60
  61 /* this data is reserved for BIOS int 0x13 to put the 'specification packet'
  62  * in. It has a structure of course, but we don't define a struct because
  63  * of compiler padding. We fiddle out the bytes ourselves later.
  64  */
  65 unsigned char boot_spec[24];
  66
  67 static const char *bios_err(int err)
  68 /* Translate BIOS error code to a readable string.  (This is a rare trait
  69  * known as error checking and reporting.  Take a good look at it, you won't
  70  * see it often.)
  71  */
  72 {
  73         static struct errlist {
  74                 int     err;
  75                 char    *what;
  76         } errlist[] = {
  77 #if !DOS
  78                 { 0x00, "No error" },
  79                 { 0x01, "Invalid command" },
  80                 { 0x02, "Address mark not found" },
  81                 { 0x03, "Disk write-protected" },
  82                 { 0x04, "Sector not found" },
  83                 { 0x05, "Reset failed" },
  84                 { 0x06, "Floppy disk removed" },
  85                 { 0x07, "Bad parameter table" },
  86                 { 0x08, "DMA overrun" },
  87                 { 0x09, "DMA crossed 64 KB boundary" },
  88                 { 0x0A, "Bad sector flag" },
  89                 { 0x0B, "Bad track flag" },
  90                 { 0x0C, "Media type not found" },
  91                 { 0x0D, "Invalid number of sectors on format" },
  92                 { 0x0E, "Control data address mark detected" },
  93                 { 0x0F, "DMA arbitration level out of range" },
  94                 { 0x10, "Uncorrectable CRC or ECC data error" },
  95                 { 0x11, "ECC corrected data error" },
  96                 { 0x20, "Controller failed" },
  97                 { 0x40, "Seek failed" },
  98                 { 0x80, "Disk timed-out" },
  99                 { 0xAA, "Drive not ready" },
 100                 { 0xBB, "Undefined error" },
 101                 { 0xCC, "Write fault" },
 102                 { 0xE0, "Status register error" },
 103                 { 0xFF, "Sense operation failed" }
 104 #else /* DOS */
 105                 { 0x00, "No error" },
 106                 { 0x01, "Function number invalid" },
 107                 { 0x02, "File not found" },
 108                 { 0x03, "Path not found" },
 109                 { 0x04, "Too many open files" },
 110                 { 0x05, "Access denied" },
 111                 { 0x06, "Invalid handle" },
 112                 { 0x0C, "Access code invalid" },
 113 #endif /* DOS */
 114         };
 115         struct errlist *errp;
 116
 117         for (errp= errlist; errp < arraylimit(errlist); errp++) {
 118                 if (errp->err == err) return errp->what;
 119         }
 120         return "Unknown error";
 121 }
 122
 123 /* CD's are addressed in 2048-byte sectors.
 124  * In order to be able to read CD's but maintain the same interface of 512-byte
 125  * sector addressing, we check if the device is a CD in readsectors() and if so,
 126  * read it into our own buffer first
 127  */
 128 int readsectors(u32_t bufaddr, u32_t sector, U8_t count)
 129 {
 130 #define CDSECTOR_SIZE 2048
 131         static char cdbuf[CDSECTOR_SIZE];
 132         static i32_t cdbuf_sec = -1;
 133         i32_t cdsec;
 134
 135         if(device != cddevice) {
 136                 return biosreadsectors(bufaddr, sector, count);
 137         }
 138
 139         while(count > 0) {
 140                 u32_t offset;
 141 #define FACTOR (CDSECTOR_SIZE/SECTOR_SIZE)
 142                 cdsec = sector / FACTOR;
 143                 offset = (sector % FACTOR) * SECTOR_SIZE;
 144                 if(cdsec != cdbuf_sec) {
 145                         int r;
 146                         if((r=biosreadsectors(mon2abs(cdbuf), cdsec, 1)) != 0) {
 147                                 printf("error %d\n", r);
 148                                 return r;
 149                         }
 150                         cdbuf_sec = cdsec;
 151                 }
 152                 raw_copy(bufaddr, mon2abs(cdbuf) + offset, SECTOR_SIZE);
 153                 bufaddr += SECTOR_SIZE;
 154                 count--;
 155                 sector++;
 156         }
 157
 158         return 0;
 159 }
 160
 161 char *unix_err(int err)
 162 /* Translate the few errors rawfs can give. */
 163 {
 164         switch (err) {
 165         case ENOENT:    return "No such file or directory";
 166         case ENOTDIR:   return "Not a directory";
 167         default:        return "Unknown error";
 168         }
 169 }
 170
 171 static void rwerr(const char *rw, off_t sec, int err)
 172 {
 173         printf("\n%s error 0x%02x (%s) at sector %ld absolute\n",
 174                 rw, err, bios_err(err), sec);
 175 }
 176
 177 void readerr(off_t sec, int err)        { rwerr("Read", sec, err); }
 178 void writerr(off_t sec, int err)        { rwerr("Write", sec, err); }
 179
 180 void readblock(off_t blk, char *buf, int block_size)
 181 /* Read blocks for the rawfs package. */
 182 {
 183         int r;
 184         u32_t sec= lowsec + blk * RATIO(block_size);
 185
 186         if(!block_size) {
 187                 printf("block_size 0\n");
 188                 exit(1);
 189         }
 190
 191         if ((r= readsectors(mon2abs(buf), sec, 1 * RATIO(block_size))) != 0) {
 192                 readerr(sec, r); exit(1);
 193         }
 194 }
 195
 196 #define istty           (1)
 197 #define alarm(n)        (0)
 198
 199 #endif /* BIOS */
 200
 201 #if UNIX
 202
 203 /* The Minix boot block must start with these bytes: */
 204 char boot_magic[] = { 0x31, 0xC0, 0x8E, 0xD8, 0xFA, 0x8E, 0xD0, 0xBC };
 205
 206 struct biosdev {
 207         char *name;             /* Name of device. */
 208         int device;             /* Device to edit parameters. */
 209 } bootdev;
 210
 211 static struct termios termbuf;
 212 static int istty;
 213
 214 void quit(int status)
 215 {
 216         if (istty) (void) tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &termbuf);
 217         exit(status);
 218 }
 219
 220 #define exit(s) quit(s)
 221
 222 void report(const char *label)
 223 /* edparams: label: No such file or directory */
 224 {
 225         fprintf(stderr, "edparams: %s: %s\n", label, strerror(errno));
 226 }
 227
 228 void fatal(const char *label)
 229 {
 230         report(label);
 231         exit(1);
 232 }
 233
 234 void *alloc(void *m, size_t n)
 235 {
 236         m= m == nil ? malloc(n) : realloc(m, n);
 237         if (m == nil) fatal("");
 238         return m;
 239 }
 240
 241 #define malloc(n)       alloc(nil, n)
 242 #define realloc(m, n)   alloc(m, n)
 243
 244 #define mon2abs(addr)   ((void *) (addr))
 245
 246 int rwsectors(int rw, void *addr, u32_t sec, int nsec)
 247 {
 248         ssize_t r;
 249         size_t len= nsec * SECTOR_SIZE;
 250
 251         if (lseek(bootdev.device, sec * SECTOR_SIZE, SEEK_SET) == -1)
 252                 return errno;
 253
 254         if (rw == 0) {
 255                 r= read(bootdev.device, (char *) addr, len);
 256         } else {
 257                 r= write(bootdev.device, (char *) addr, len);
 258         }
 259         if (r == -1) return errno;
 260         if (r != len) return EIO;
 261         return 0;
 262 }
 263
 264 #define readsectors(a, s, n)     rwsectors(0, (a), (s), (n))
 265 #define writesectors(a, s, n)    rwsectors(1, (a), (s), (n))
 266 #define readerr(sec, err)       (errno= (err), report(bootdev.name))
 267 #define writerr(sec, err)       (errno= (err), report(bootdev.name))
 268 #define putch(c)                putchar(c)
 269 #define unix_err(err)           strerror(err)
 270
 271 void readblock(off_t blk, char *buf, int block_size)
 272 /* Read blocks for the rawfs package. */
 273 {
 274         if(!block_size) fatal("block_size 0");
 275         errno= EIO;
 276         if (lseek(bootdev.device, blk * block_size, SEEK_SET) == -1
 277                 || read(bootdev.device, buf, block_size) != block_size)
 278         {
 279                 fatal(bootdev.name);
 280         }
 281 }
 282
 283 sig_atomic_t trapsig;
 284
 285 void trap(int sig)
 286 {
 287         trapsig= sig;
 288         signal(sig, trap);
 289 }
 290
 291 int escape(void)
 292 {
 293         if (trapsig == SIGINT) {
 294                 trapsig= 0;
 295                 return 1;
 296         }
 297         return 0;
 298 }
 299
 300 static unsigned char unchar;
 301
 302 int getch(void)
 303 {
 304         unsigned char c;
 305
 306         fflush(stdout);
 307
 308         if (unchar != 0) {
 309                 c= unchar;
 310                 unchar= 0;
 311                 return c;
 312         }
 313
 314         switch (read(0, &c, 1)) {
 315         case -1:
 316                 if (errno != EINTR) fatal("");
 317                 return(ESC);
 318         case 0:
 319                 if (istty) putch('\n');
 320                 exit(0);
 321         default:
 322                 if (istty && c == termbuf.c_cc[VEOF]) {
 323                         putch('\n');
 324                         exit(0);
 325                 }
 326                 return c;
 327         }
 328 }
 329
 330 #define ungetch(c)      ((void) (unchar = (c)))
 331
 332 #define get_tick()              ((u32_t) time(nil))
 333 #define clear_screen()          printf("[clear]")
 334 #define boot_device(device)     printf("[boot %s]\n", device)
 335 #define ctty(line)              printf("[ctty %s]\n", line)
 336 #define bootminix()             (run_trailer() && printf("[boot]\n"))
 337 #define off()                   printf("[off]")
 338
 339 #endif /* UNIX */
 340
 341 static char *readline(void)
 342 /* Read a line including a newline with echoing. */
 343 {
 344         char *line;
 345         size_t i, z;
 346         int c;
 347
 348         i= 0;
 349         z= 20;
 350         line= malloc(z * sizeof(char));
 351
 352         do {
 353                 c= getch();
 354
 355                 if (strchr("\b\177\25\30", c) != nil) {
 356                         /* Backspace, DEL, ctrl-U, or ctrl-X. */
 357                         do {
 358                                 if (i == 0) break;
 359                                 printf("\b \b");
 360                                 i--;
 361                         } while (c == '\25' || c == '\30');
 362                 } else
 363                 if (c < ' ' && c != '\n') {
 364                         putch('\7');
 365                 } else {
 366                         putch(c);
 367                         line[i++]= c;
 368                         if (i == z) {
 369                                 z*= 2;
 370                                 line= realloc(line, z * sizeof(char));
 371                         }
 372                 }
 373         } while (c != '\n');
 374         line[i]= 0;
 375         return line;
 376 }
 377
 378 static int sugar(const char *tok)
 379 /* Recognize special tokens. */
 380 {
 381         return strchr("=(){};\n", tok[0]) != nil;
 382 }
 383
 384 static char *onetoken(char **aline)
 385 /* Returns a string with one token for tokenize. */
 386 {
 387         char *line= *aline;
 388         size_t n;
 389         char *tok;
 390
 391         /* Skip spaces and runs of newlines. */
 392         while (*line == ' ' || (*line == '\n' && line[1] == '\n')) line++;
 393
 394         *aline= line;
 395
 396         /* Don't do odd junk (nor the terminating 0!). */
 397         if ((unsigned) *line < ' ' && *line != '\n') return nil;
 398
 399         if (*line == '(') {
 400                 /* Function argument, anything goes but () must match. */
 401                 int depth= 0;
 402
 403                 while ((unsigned) *line >= ' ') {
 404                         if (*line == '(') depth++;
 405                         if (*line++ == ')' && --depth == 0) break;
 406                 }
 407         } else
 408         if (sugar(line)) {
 409                 /* Single character token. */
 410                 line++;
 411         } else {
 412                 /* Multicharacter token. */
 413                 do line++; while ((unsigned) *line > ' ' && !sugar(line));
 414         }
 415         n= line - *aline;
 416         tok= malloc((n + 1) * sizeof(char));
 417         memcpy(tok, *aline, n);
 418         tok[n]= 0;
 419         if (tok[0] == '\n') tok[0]= ';';        /* ';' same as '\n' */
 420
 421         *aline= line;
 422         return tok;
 423 }
 424
 425 /* Typed commands form strings of tokens. */
 426
 427 typedef struct token {
 428         struct token    *next;  /* Next in a command chain. */
 429         char            *token;
 430 } token;
 431
 432 static token **tokenize(token **acmds, char *line)
 433 /* Takes a line apart to form tokens.  The tokens are inserted into a command
 434  * chain at *acmds.  Tokenize returns a reference to where another line could
 435  * be added.  Tokenize looks at spaces as token separators, and recognizes only
 436  * ';', '=', '{', '}', and '\n' as single character tokens.  One token is
 437  * formed from '(' and ')' with anything in between as long as more () match.
 438  */
 439 {
 440         char *tok;
 441         token *newcmd;
 442
 443         while ((tok= onetoken(&line)) != nil) {
 444                 newcmd= malloc(sizeof(*newcmd));
 445                 newcmd->token= tok;
 446                 newcmd->next= *acmds;
 447                 *acmds= newcmd;
 448                 acmds= &newcmd->next;
 449         }
 450         return acmds;
 451 }
 452
 453 static token *cmds;             /* String of commands to execute. */
 454 static int err;         /* Set on an error. */
 455
 456 static char *poptoken(void)
 457 /* Pop one token off the command chain. */
 458 {
 459         token *cmd= cmds;
 460         char *tok= cmd->token;
 461
 462         cmds= cmd->next;
 463         free(cmd);
 464
 465         return tok;
 466 }
 467
 468 static void voidtoken(void)
 469 /* Remove one token from the command chain. */
 470 {
 471         free(poptoken());
 472 }
 473
 474 void parse_code(char *code)
 475 /* Tokenize a string of monitor code, making sure there is a delimiter.  It is
 476  * to be executed next.  (Prepended to the current input.)
 477  */
 478 {
 479         if (cmds != nil && cmds->token[0] != ';') (void) tokenize(&cmds, ";");
 480         (void) tokenize(&cmds, code);
 481 }
 482
 483 static int interrupt(void)
 484 /* Clean up after an ESC has been typed. */
 485 {
 486         if (escape()) {
 487                 printf("[ESC]\n");
 488                 err= 1;
 489                 return 1;
 490         }
 491         return 0;
 492 }
 493
 494 #if BIOS
 495
 496 static int activate;
 497
 498 struct biosdev {
 499         char name[8];
 500         int device, primary, secondary;
 501 } bootdev, tmpdev;
 502
 503 static int get_master(char *master, struct part_entry **table, u32_t pos)
 504 /* Read a master boot sector and its partition table. */
 505 {
 506         int r, n;
 507         struct part_entry *pe, **pt;
 508
 509         if ((r= readsectors(mon2abs(master), pos, 1)) != 0) return r;
 510
 511         pe= (struct part_entry *) (master + PART_TABLE_OFF);
 512         for (pt= table; pt < table + NR_PARTITIONS; pt++) *pt= pe++;
 513
 514         /* DOS has the misguided idea that partition tables must be sorted. */
 515         if (pos != 0) return 0;         /* But only the primary. */
 516
 517         n= NR_PARTITIONS;
 518         do {
 519                 for (pt= table; pt < table + NR_PARTITIONS-1; pt++) {
 520                         if (pt[0]->sysind == NO_PART
 521                                         || pt[0]->lowsec > pt[1]->lowsec) {
 522                                 pe= pt[0]; pt[0]= pt[1]; pt[1]= pe;
 523                         }
 524                 }
 525         } while (--n > 0);
 526         return 0;
 527 }
 528
 529 static void initialize(void)
 530 {
 531         char master[SECTOR_SIZE];
 532         struct part_entry *table[NR_PARTITIONS];
 533         int r, p;
 534         u32_t masterpos;
 535         char *argp;
 536
 537         /* Copy the boot program to the far end of low memory, this must be
 538          * done to get out of the way of Minix, and to put the data area
 539          * cleanly inside a 64K chunk if using BIOS I/O (no DMA problems).
 540          */
 541         u32_t oldaddr= caddr;
 542         u32_t memend= mem[0].base + mem[0].size;
 543         u32_t newaddr= (memend - runsize) & ~0x0000FL;
 544 #if !DOS
 545         u32_t dma64k= (memend - 1) & ~0x0FFFFL;
 546
 547
 548         /* Check if data segment crosses a 64K boundary. */
 549         if (newaddr + (daddr - caddr) < dma64k)  {
 550                 newaddr= (dma64k - runsize) & ~0x0000FL;
 551         }
 552 #endif
 553
 554         /* If we were booted from CD, remember what device it was. */
 555         if(cdbooted)
 556                 cddevice = device;
 557         else
 558                 cddevice = 0xff;        /* Invalid. */
 559
 560         /* Set the new caddr for relocate. */
 561         caddr= newaddr;
 562
 563         /* Copy code and data. */
 564         raw_copy(newaddr, oldaddr, runsize);
 565
 566         /* Make the copy running. */
 567         relocate();
 568
 569 #if !DOS
 570
 571         /* Take the monitor out of the memory map if we have memory to spare,
 572          * and also keep the BIOS data area safe (1.5K), plus a bit extra for
 573          * where we may have to put a.out headers for older kernels.
 574          */
 575         if (mon_return = (mem[1].size > 512*1024L)) mem[0].size = newaddr;
 576         mem[0].base += 2048;
 577         mem[0].size -= 2048;
 578
 579         /* Find out what the boot device and partition was. */
 580         bootdev.name[0]= 0;
 581         bootdev.device= device;
 582         bootdev.primary= -1;
 583         bootdev.secondary= -1;
 584
 585         if (device < 0x80) {
 586                 /* Floppy. */
 587                 strcpy(bootdev.name, "fd0");
 588                 bootdev.name[2] += bootdev.device;
 589                 return;
 590         }
 591
 592         /* Disk: Get the partition table from the very first sector, and
 593          * determine the partition we booted from using the information from
 594          * the booted partition entry as passed on by the bootstrap (rem_part).
 595          * All we need from it is the partition offset.
 596          */
 597         raw_copy(mon2abs(&lowsec),
 598                 vec2abs(&rem_part) + offsetof(struct part_entry, lowsec),
 599                 sizeof(lowsec));
 600
 601         masterpos= 0;   /* Master bootsector position. */
 602
 603         for (;;) {
 604                 /* Extract the partition table from the master boot sector. */
 605                 if ((r= get_master(master, table, masterpos)) != 0) {
 606                         readerr(masterpos, r); exit(1);
 607                 }
 608
 609                 /* If we're a CD, we know what we want. */
 610                 if(device == cddevice) {
 611                         p = 1;  /* We know this is the root FS. */
 612                         lowsec = table[p]->lowsec;
 613                         bootdev.primary = p;
 614                         break;  /* Found! */
 615                 }
 616
 617                 /* See if you can find "lowsec" back. */
 618                 for (p= 0; p < NR_PARTITIONS; p++) {
 619                         if (lowsec - table[p]->lowsec < table[p]->size) break;
 620                 }
 621
 622                 if (lowsec == table[p]->lowsec) {       /* Found! */
 623                         if (bootdev.primary < 0)
 624                                 bootdev.primary= p;
 625                         else
 626                                 bootdev.secondary= p;
 627                         break;
 628                 }
 629
 630                 if (p == NR_PARTITIONS || bootdev.primary >= 0
 631                                         || table[p]->sysind != MINIX_PART) {
 632                         /* The boot partition cannot be named, this only means
 633                          * that "bootdev" doesn't work.
 634                          */
 635                         bootdev.device= -1;
 636                         return;
 637                 }
 638
 639                 /* See if the primary partition is subpartitioned. */
 640                 bootdev.primary= p;
 641                 masterpos= table[p]->lowsec;
 642         }
 643
 644         if(device == cddevice) {
 645                 strcpy(bootdev.name, CDNAME);
 646         } else {
 647                 strcpy(bootdev.name, "d0p0");
 648                 bootdev.name[1] += (device - 0x80);
 649                 bootdev.name[3] += bootdev.primary;
 650                 if (bootdev.secondary >= 0) {
 651                         strcat(bootdev.name, "s0");
 652                         bootdev.name[5] += bootdev.secondary;
 653                 }
 654         }
 655
 656         /* Find out about the video hardware. */
 657         raw_copy(mon2abs(&vid_port), VDU_CRT_BASE_ADDR, sizeof(vid_port));
 658         if(vid_port == C_6845) {
 659                 vid_mem_base = COLOR_BASE;
 660                 vid_mem_size = COLOR_SIZE;
 661         } else {
 662                 vid_mem_base = MONO_BASE;
 663                 vid_mem_size = MONO_SIZE;
 664         }
 665
 666         if(get_video() >= 3)
 667                 vid_mem_size = EGA_SIZE;
 668
 669 #else /* DOS */
 670         /* Take the monitor out of the memory map if we have memory to spare,
 671          * note that only half our PSP is needed at the new place, the first
 672          * half is to be kept in its place.
 673          */
 674         if (mem[1].size > 0) mem[0].size = newaddr + 0x80 - mem[0].base;
 675
 676         /* Parse the command line. */
 677         argp= PSP + 0x81;
 678         argp[PSP[0x80]]= 0;
 679         while (between('\1', *argp, ' ')) argp++;
 680         vdisk= argp;
 681         while (!between('\0', *argp, ' ')) argp++;
 682         while (between('\1', *argp, ' ')) *argp++= 0;
 683         if (*vdisk == 0) {
 684                 printf("\nUsage: boot <vdisk> [commands ...]\n");
 685                 exit(1);
 686         }
 687         drun= *argp == 0 ? "main" : argp;
 688
 689         if ((r= dev_open()) != 0) {
 690                 printf("\n%s: Error %02x (%s)\n", vdisk, r, bios_err(r));
 691                 exit(1);
 692         }
 693
 694         /* Find the active partition on the virtual disk. */
 695         if ((r= get_master(master, table, 0)) != 0) {
 696                 readerr(0, r); exit(1);
 697         }
 698
 699         strcpy(bootdev.name, "d0");
 700         bootdev.primary= -1;
 701         for (p= 0; p < NR_PARTITIONS; p++) {
 702                 if (table[p]->bootind != 0 && table[p]->sysind == MINIX_PART) {
 703                         bootdev.primary= p;
 704                         strcat(bootdev.name, "p0");
 705                         bootdev.name[3] += p;
 706                         lowsec= table[p]->lowsec;
 707                         break;
 708                 }
 709         }
 710 #endif /* DOS */
 711 }
 712
 713 #endif /* BIOS */
 714
 715 /* Reserved names: */
 716 enum resnames {
 717         R_NULL, R_BOOT, R_CTTY, R_DELAY, R_ECHO, R_EXIT, R_HELP,
 718         R_LS, R_MENU, R_OFF, R_SAVE, R_SET, R_TRAP, R_UNSET
 719 };
 720
 721 static char resnames[][6] = {
 722         "", "boot", "ctty", "delay", "echo", "exit", "help",
 723         "ls", "menu", "off", "save", "set", "trap", "unset",
 724 };
 725
 726 /* Using this for all null strings saves a lot of memory. */
 727 #define null (resnames[0])
 728
 729 static enum resnames reserved(const char *s)
 730 /* Recognize reserved strings. */
 731 {
 732         enum resnames r;
 733
 734         for (r= R_BOOT; r <= R_UNSET; r++) {
 735                 if (strcmp(s, resnames[r]) == 0) return r;
 736         }
 737         return R_NULL;
 738 }
 739
 740 static void sfree(char *s)
 741 /* Free a non-null string. */
 742 {
 743         if (s != nil && s != null) free(s);
 744 }
 745
 746 static char *copystr(char *s)
 747 /* Copy a non-null string using malloc. */
 748 {
 749         char *c;
 750
 751         if (*s == 0) return null;
 752         c= malloc((strlen(s) + 1) * sizeof(char));
 753         strcpy(c, s);
 754         return c;
 755 }
 756
 757 static int is_default(environment *e)
 758 {
 759         return (e->flags & E_SPECIAL) && e->defval == nil;
 760 }
 761
 762 static environment **searchenv(char *name)
 763 {
 764         environment **aenv= &env;
 765
 766         while (*aenv != nil && strcmp((*aenv)->name, name) != 0) {
 767                 aenv= &(*aenv)->next;
 768         }
 769
 770         return aenv;
 771 }
 772
 773 #define b_getenv(name)  (*searchenv(name))
 774 /* Return the environment *structure* belonging to name, or nil if not found. */
 775
 776 char *b_value(char *name)
 777 /* The value of a variable. */
 778 {
 779         environment *e= b_getenv(name);
 780
 781         return e == nil || !(e->flags & E_VAR) ? nil : e->value;
 782 }
 783
 784 static char *b_body(char *name)
 785 /* The value of a function. */
 786 {
 787         environment *e= b_getenv(name);
 788
 789         return e == nil || !(e->flags & E_FUNCTION) ? nil : e->value;
 790 }
 791
 792 static int b_setenv(int flags, char *name, char *arg, char *value)
 793 /* Change the value of an environment variable.  Returns the flags of the
 794  * variable if you are not allowed to change it, 0 otherwise.
 795  */
 796 {
 797         environment **aenv, *e;
 798
 799         if (*(aenv= searchenv(name)) == nil) {
 800                 if (reserved(name)) return E_RESERVED;
 801                 e= malloc(sizeof(*e));
 802                 e->name= copystr(name);
 803                 e->flags= flags;
 804                 e->defval= nil;
 805                 e->next= nil;
 806                 *aenv= e;
 807         } else {
 808                 e= *aenv;
 809
 810                 /* Don't change special variables to functions or vv. */
 811                 if (e->flags & E_SPECIAL
 812                         && (e->flags & E_FUNCTION) != (flags & E_FUNCTION)
 813                 ) return e->flags;
 814
 815                 e->flags= (e->flags & E_STICKY) | flags;
 816                 if (is_default(e)) {
 817                         e->defval= e->value;
 818                 } else {
 819                         sfree(e->value);
 820                 }
 821                 sfree(e->arg);
 822         }
 823         e->arg= copystr(arg);
 824         e->value= copystr(value);
 825
 826         return 0;
 827 }
 828
 829 int b_setvar(int flags, char *name, char *value)
 830 /* Set variable or simple function. */
 831 {
 832         int r;
 833
 834         if((r=b_setenv(flags, name, null, value))) {
 835                 return r;
 836         }
 837
 838         return r;
 839 }
 840
 841 void b_unset(char *name)
 842 /* Remove a variable from the environment.  A special variable is reset to
 843  * its default value.
 844  */
 845 {
 846         environment **aenv, *e;
 847
 848         if ((e= *(aenv= searchenv(name))) == nil) return;
 849
 850         if (e->flags & E_SPECIAL) {
 851                 if (e->defval != nil) {
 852                         sfree(e->arg);
 853                         e->arg= null;
 854                         sfree(e->value);
 855                         e->value= e->defval;
 856                         e->defval= nil;
 857                 }
 858         } else {
 859                 sfree(e->name);
 860                 sfree(e->arg);
 861                 sfree(e->value);
 862                 *aenv= e->next;
 863                 free(e);
 864         }
 865 }
 866
 867 long a2l(const char *a)
 868 /* Cheap atol(). */
 869 {
 870         int sign= 1;
 871         long n= 0;
 872
 873         if (*a == '-') { sign= -1; a++; }
 874
 875         while (between('0', *a, '9')) n= n * 10 + (*a++ - '0');
 876
 877         return sign * n;
 878 }
 879
 880 char *ul2a(u32_t n, unsigned b)
 881 /* Transform a long number to ascii at base b, (b >= 8). */
 882 {
 883         static char num[(CHAR_BIT * sizeof(n) + 2) / 3 + 1];
 884         char *a= arraylimit(num) - 1;
 885         static char hex[16] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
 886
 887         do *--a = hex[(int) (n % b)]; while ((n/= b) > 0);
 888         return a;
 889 }
 890
 891 char *ul2a10(u32_t n)
 892 /* Transform a long number to ascii at base 10. */
 893 {
 894         return ul2a(n, 10);
 895 }
 896
 897 unsigned a2x(const char *a)
 898 /* Ascii to hex. */
 899 {
 900         unsigned n= 0;
 901         int c;
 902
 903         for (;;) {
 904                 c= *a;
 905                 if (between('0', c, '9')) c= c - '0' + 0x0;
 906                 else
 907                 if (between('A', c, 'F')) c= c - 'A' + 0xA;
 908                 else
 909                 if (between('a', c, 'f')) c= c - 'a' + 0xa;
 910                 else
 911                         break;
 912                 n= (n<<4) | c;
 913                 a++;
 914         }
 915         return n;
 916 }
 917
 918 static void get_parameters(void)
 919 {
 920         char params[SECTOR_SIZE + 1];
 921         token **acmds;
 922         int r, bus, processor;
 923         memory *mp;
 924         static char bus_type[][4] = {
 925                 "xt", "at", "mca"
 926         };
 927         static char vid_type[][4] = {
 928                 "mda", "cga", "ega", "ega", "vga", "vga"
 929         };
 930         static char vid_chrome[][6] = {
 931                 "mono", "color"
 932         };
 933
 934         /* Variables that Minix needs: */
 935         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR|E_DEV, "rootdev", "ram");
 936         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR|E_DEV, "ramimagedev", "bootdev");
 937         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "ramsize", "0");
 938 #define STRINGIT2(x) #x
 939 #define STRINGIT1(x) STRINGIT2(x)
 940         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "hz", STRINGIT1(DEFAULT_HZ));
 941 #if BIOS
 942         processor = getprocessor();
 943         if(processor == 1586) processor = 686;
 944         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "processor", ul2a10(processor));
 945         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "bus", bus_type[get_bus()]);
 946         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "video", vid_type[get_video()]);
 947         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "chrome", vid_chrome[get_video() & 1]);
 948         params[0]= 0;
 949         for (mp= mem; mp < arraylimit(mem); mp++) {
 950                 if (mp->size == 0) continue;
 951                 if (params[0] != 0) strcat(params, ",");
 952                 strcat(params, ul2a(mp->base, 0x10));
 953                 strcat(params, ":");
 954                 strcat(params, ul2a(mp->size, 0x10));
 955         }
 956         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "memory", params);
 957
 958 #if DOS
 959         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "dosfile-d0", vdisk);
 960 #endif
 961
 962 #endif
 963 #if UNIX
 964         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "processor", "?");
 965         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "bus", "?");
 966         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "video", "?");
 967         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "chrome", "?");
 968         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "memory", "?");
 969         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "c0", "?");
 970 #endif
 971
 972         /* Variables boot needs: */
 973         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_VAR, "image", "boot/image");
 974         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_FUNCTION, "leader",
 975                 "echo --- Welcome to MINIX 3. This is the boot monitor. ---\\n");
 976         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_FUNCTION, "main", "menu");
 977         b_setvar(E_SPECIAL|E_FUNCTION, "trailer", "");
 978
 979         /* Default hidden menu function: */
 980         b_setenv(E_RESERVED|E_FUNCTION, null, "=,Start MINIX", "boot");
 981
 982         /* Tokenize bootparams sector. */
 983         if ((r= readsectors(mon2abs(params), lowsec+PARAMSEC, 1)) != 0) {
 984                 readerr(lowsec+PARAMSEC, r);
 985                 exit(1);
 986         }
 987         params[SECTOR_SIZE]= 0;
 988         acmds= tokenize(&cmds, params);
 989
 990         /* Stuff the default action into the command chain. */
 991 #if UNIX
 992         (void) tokenize(acmds, ":;");
 993 #elif DOS
 994         (void) tokenize(tokenize(acmds, ":;leader;"), drun);
 995 #else /* BIOS */
 996         (void) tokenize(acmds, ":;leader;main");
 997 #endif
 998 }
 999
1000 static char *addptr;
1001
1002 static void addparm(const char *n)
1003 {
1004         while (*n != 0 && *addptr != 0) *addptr++ = *n++;
1005 }
1006
1007 static void save_parameters(void)
1008 /* Save nondefault environment variables to the bootparams sector. */
1009 {
1010         environment *e;
1011         char params[SECTOR_SIZE + 1];
1012         int r;
1013
1014         /* Default filling: */
1015         memset(params, '\n', SECTOR_SIZE);
1016
1017         /* Don't touch the 0! */
1018         params[SECTOR_SIZE]= 0;
1019         addptr= params;
1020
1021         for (e= env; e != nil; e= e->next) {
1022                 if (e->flags & E_RESERVED || is_default(e)) continue;
1023
1024                 addparm(e->name);
1025                 if (e->flags & E_FUNCTION) {
1026                         addparm("(");
1027                         addparm(e->arg);
1028                         addparm(")");
1029                 } else {
1030                         addparm((e->flags & (E_DEV|E_SPECIAL)) != E_DEV
1031                                                         ? "=" : "=d ");
1032                 }
1033                 addparm(e->value);
1034                 if (*addptr == 0) {
1035                         printf("The environment is too big\n");
1036                         return;
1037                 }
1038                 *addptr++= '\n';
1039         }
1040
1041         /* Save the parameters on disk. */
1042         if ((r= writesectors(mon2abs(params), lowsec+PARAMSEC, 1)) != 0) {
1043                 writerr(lowsec+PARAMSEC, r);
1044                 printf("Can't save environment\n");
1045         }
1046 }
1047
1048 static void show_env(void)
1049 /* Show the environment settings. */
1050 {
1051         environment *e;
1052         unsigned more= 0;
1053         int c;
1054
1055         for (e= env; e != nil; e= e->next) {
1056                 if (e->flags & E_RESERVED) continue;
1057                 if (!istty && is_default(e)) continue;
1058
1059                 if (e->flags & E_FUNCTION) {
1060                         printf("%s(%s) %s\n", e->name, e->arg, e->value);
1061                 } else {
1062                         printf(is_default(e) ? "%s = (%s)\n" : "%s = %s\n",
1063                                 e->name, e->value);
1064                 }
1065
1066                 if (e->next != nil && istty && ++more % 20 == 0) {
1067                         printf("More? ");
1068                         c= getch();
1069                         if (c == ESC || c > ' ') {
1070                                 putch('\n');
1071                                 if (c > ' ') ungetch(c);
1072                                 break;
1073                         }
1074                         printf("\b\b\b\b\b\b");
1075                 }
1076         }
1077 }
1078
1079 int numprefix(char *s, char **ps)
1080 /* True iff s is a string of digits.  *ps will be set to the first nondigit
1081  * if non-nil, otherwise the string should end.
1082  */
1083 {
1084         char *n= s;
1085
1086         while (between('0', *n, '9')) n++;
1087
1088         if (n == s) return 0;
1089
1090         if (ps == nil) return *n == 0;
1091
1092         *ps= n;
1093         return 1;
1094 }
1095
1096 int numeric(char *s)
1097 {
1098         return numprefix(s, (char **) nil);
1099 }
1100
1101 #if BIOS
1102
1103 /* Device numbers of standard MINIX devices. */
1104 #define DEV_FD0         0x0200
1105 static dev_t dev_cNd0[] = { 0x0300, 0x0800, 0x0A00, 0x0C00, 0x1000 };
1106 #define minor_p0s0         128
1107
1108 static int block_size;
1109
1110 dev_t name2dev(char *name)
1111 /* Translate, say, /dev/c0d0p2 to a device number.  If the name can't be
1112  * found on the boot device, then do some guesswork.  The global structure
1113  * "tmpdev" will be filled in based on the name, so that "boot d1p0" knows
1114  * what device to boot without interpreting device numbers.
1115  */
1116 {
1117         dev_t dev;
1118         ino_t ino;
1119         int drive;
1120         struct stat st;
1121         char *n, *s;
1122
1123         /* "boot *d0p2" means: make partition 2 active before you boot it. */
1124         if ((activate= (name[0] == '*'))) name++;
1125
1126         /* The special name "bootdev" must be translated to the boot device. */
1127         if (strcmp(name, "bootdev") == 0) {
1128                 if (bootdev.device == -1) {
1129                         printf("The boot device could not be named\n");
1130                         errno= 0;
1131                         return -1;
1132                 }
1133                 name= bootdev.name;
1134         }
1135
1136         /* If our boot device doesn't have a file system, or we want to know
1137          * what a name means for the BIOS, then we need to interpret the
1138          * device name ourselves: "fd" = floppy, "c0d0" = hard disk, etc.
1139          */
1140         tmpdev.device= tmpdev.primary= tmpdev.secondary= -1;
1141         dev= -1;
1142         n= name;
1143         if (strncmp(n, "/dev/", 5) == 0) n+= 5;
1144
1145         if (strcmp(n, "ram") == 0 || strcmp(n, CDNAME) == 0) {
1146                 dev= DEV_RAM;
1147         } else
1148         if (n[0] == 'f' && n[1] == 'd' && numeric(n+2)) {
1149                 /* Floppy. */
1150                 tmpdev.device= a2l(n+2);
1151                 dev= DEV_FD0 + tmpdev.device;
1152         } else
1153         if ((n[0] == 'h' || n[0] == 's') && n[1] == 'd' && numprefix(n+2, &s)
1154                 && (*s == 0 || (between('a', *s, 'd') && s[1] == 0))
1155         ) {
1156                 /* Old style hard disk (backwards compatibility.) */
1157                 dev= a2l(n+2);
1158                 tmpdev.device= dev / (1 + NR_PARTITIONS);
1159                 tmpdev.primary= (dev % (1 + NR_PARTITIONS)) - 1;
1160                 if (*s != 0) {
1161                         /* Subpartition. */
1162                         tmpdev.secondary= *s - 'a';
1163                         dev= minor_p0s0
1164                                 + (tmpdev.device * NR_PARTITIONS
1165                                         + tmpdev.primary) * NR_PARTITIONS
1166                                 + tmpdev.secondary;
1167                 }
1168                 tmpdev.device+= 0x80;
1169                 dev+= n[0] == 'h' ? dev_cNd0[0] : dev_cNd0[2];
1170         } else {
1171                 /* Hard disk. */
1172                 int ctrlr= 0;
1173
1174                 if (n[0] == 'c' && between('0', n[1], '4')) {
1175                         ctrlr= (n[1] - '0');
1176                         tmpdev.device= 0;
1177                         n+= 2;
1178                 }
1179                 if (n[0] == 'd' && between('0', n[1], '7')) {
1180                         tmpdev.device= (n[1] - '0');
1181                         n+= 2;
1182                         if (n[0] == 'p' && between('0', n[1], '3')) {
1183                                 tmpdev.primary= (n[1] - '0');
1184                                 n+= 2;
1185                                 if (n[0] == 's' && between('0', n[1], '3')) {
1186                                         tmpdev.secondary= (n[1] - '0');
1187                                         n+= 2;
1188                                 }
1189                         }
1190                 }
1191                 if (*n == 0) {
1192                         dev= dev_cNd0[ctrlr];
1193                         if (tmpdev.secondary < 0) {
1194                                 dev += tmpdev.device * (NR_PARTITIONS+1)
1195                                         + (tmpdev.primary + 1);
1196                         } else {
1197                                 dev += minor_p0s0
1198                                         + (tmpdev.device * NR_PARTITIONS
1199                                             + tmpdev.primary) * NR_PARTITIONS
1200                                         + tmpdev.secondary;
1201                         }
1202                         tmpdev.device+= 0x80;
1203                 }
1204         }
1205
1206         /* Look the name up on the boot device for the UNIX device number. */
1207         if (fsok == -1) fsok= r_super(&block_size) != 0;
1208         if (fsok) {
1209                 /* The current working directory is "/dev". */
1210                 ino= r_lookup(r_lookup(ROOT_INO, "dev"), name);
1211
1212                 if (ino != 0) {
1213                         /* Name has been found, extract the device number. */
1214                         r_stat(ino, &st);
1215                         if (!S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
1216                                 printf("%s is not a block device\n", name);
1217                                 errno= 0;
1218                                 return (dev_t) -1;
1219                         }
1220                         dev= st.st_rdev;
1221                 }
1222         }
1223
1224         if (tmpdev.primary < 0) activate= 0;    /* Careful now! */
1225
1226         if (dev == -1) {
1227                 printf("Can't recognize '%s' as a device\n", name);
1228                 errno= 0;
1229         }
1230         return dev;
1231 }
1232
1233 #if DEBUG
1234 static void apm_perror(char *label, u16_t ax)
1235 {
1236         unsigned ah;
1237         char *str;
1238
1239         ah= (ax >> 8);
1240         switch(ah)
1241         {
1242         case 0x01: str= "APM functionality disabled"; break;
1243         case 0x03: str= "interface not connected"; break;
1244         case 0x09: str= "unrecognized device ID"; break;
1245         case 0x0A: str= "parameter value out of range"; break;
1246         case 0x0B: str= "interface not engaged"; break;
1247         case 0x60: str= "unable to enter requested state"; break;
1248         case 0x86: str= "APM not present"; break;
1249         default: printf("%s: error 0x%02x\n", label, ah); return;
1250         }
1251         printf("%s: %s\n", label, str);
1252 }
1253
1254 #define apm_printf printf
1255 #else
1256 #define apm_perror(label, ax) ((void)0)
1257 #define apm_printf
1258 #endif
1259
1260 static void off(void)
1261 {
1262         bios_env_t be;
1263         unsigned al, ah;
1264
1265         /* Try to switch off the system. Print diagnostic information
1266          * that can be useful if the operation fails.
1267          */
1268
1269         be.ax= 0x5300;  /* APM, Installation check */
1270         be.bx= 0;       /* Device, APM BIOS */
1271         int15(&be);
1272         if (be.flags & FL_CARRY)
1273         {
1274                 apm_perror("APM installation check failed", be.ax);
1275                 return;
1276         }
1277         if (be.bx != (('P' << 8) | 'M'))
1278         {
1279                 apm_printf("APM signature not found (got 0x%04x)\n", be.bx);
1280                 return;
1281         }
1282
1283         ah= be.ax >> 8;
1284         if (ah > 9)
1285                 ah= (ah >> 4)*10 + (ah & 0xf);
1286         al= be.ax & 0xff;
1287         if (al > 9)
1288                 al= (al >> 4)*10 + (al & 0xf);
1289         apm_printf("APM version %u.%u%s%s%s%s%s\n",
1290                 ah, al,
1291                 (be.cx & 0x1) ? ", 16-bit PM" : "",
1292                 (be.cx & 0x2) ? ", 32-bit PM" : "",
1293                 (be.cx & 0x4) ? ", CPU-Idle" : "",
1294                 (be.cx & 0x8) ? ", APM-disabled" : "",
1295                 (be.cx & 0x10) ? ", APM-disengaged" : "");
1296
1297         /* Connect */
1298         be.ax= 0x5301;  /* APM, Real mode interface connect */
1299         be.bx= 0x0000;  /* APM BIOS */
1300         int15(&be);
1301         if (be.flags & FL_CARRY)
1302         {
1303                 apm_perror("APM real mode connect failed", be.ax);
1304                 return;
1305         }
1306
1307         /* Ask for a seat upgrade */
1308         be.ax= 0x530e;  /* APM, Driver Version */
1309         be.bx= 0x0000;  /* BIOS */
1310         be.cx= 0x0102;  /* version 1.2 */
1311         int15(&be);
1312         if (be.flags & FL_CARRY)
1313         {
1314                 apm_perror("Set driver version failed", be.ax);
1315                 goto disco;
1316         }
1317
1318         /* Is this version really worth reporting. Well, if the system
1319          * does switch off, you won't see it anyway.
1320          */
1321         ah= be.ax >> 8;
1322         if (ah > 9)
1323                 ah= (ah >> 4)*10 + (ah & 0xf);
1324         al= be.ax & 0xff;
1325         if (al > 9)
1326                 al= (al >> 4)*10 + (al & 0xf);
1327         apm_printf("Got APM connection version %u.%u\n", ah, al);
1328
1329         /* Enable */
1330         be.ax= 0x5308;  /* APM, Enable/disable power management */
1331         be.bx= 0x0001;  /* All device managed by APM BIOS */
1332 #if 0
1333         /* For old APM 1.0 systems, we need 0xffff. Assume that those
1334          * systems do not exist.
1335          */
1336         be.bx= 0xffff;  /* All device managed by APM BIOS (compat) */
1337 #endif
1338         be.cx= 0x0001;  /* Enable power management */
1339         int15(&be);
1340         if (be.flags & FL_CARRY)
1341         {
1342                 apm_perror("Enable power management failed", be.ax);
1343                 goto disco;
1344         }
1345
1346         /* Off */
1347         be.ax= 0x5307;  /* APM, Set Power State */
1348         be.bx= 0x0001;  /* All devices managed by APM */
1349         be.cx= 0x0003;  /* Off */
1350         int15(&be);
1351         if (be.flags & FL_CARRY)
1352         {
1353                 apm_perror("Set power state failed", be.ax);
1354                 goto disco;
1355         }
1356
1357         apm_printf("Power off sequence successfully completed.\n\n");
1358         apm_printf("Ha, ha, just kidding!\n");
1359
1360 disco:
1361         /* Disconnect */
1362         be.ax= 0x5304;  /* APM, interface disconnect */
1363         be.bx= 0x0000;  /* APM BIOS */
1364         int15(&be);
1365         if (be.flags & FL_CARRY)
1366         {
1367                 apm_perror("APM interface disconnect failed", be.ax);
1368                 return;
1369         }
1370 }
1371
1372 #if !DOS
1373 #define B_NOSIG         -1      /* "No signature" error code. */
1374
1375 int exec_bootstrap(void)
1376 /* Load boot sector from the disk or floppy described by tmpdev and execute it.
1377  */
1378 {
1379         int r, n, dirty= 0;
1380         char master[SECTOR_SIZE];
1381         struct part_entry *table[NR_PARTITIONS], dummy, *active= &dummy;
1382         u32_t masterpos;
1383
1384         active->lowsec= 0;
1385
1386         /* Select a partition table entry. */
1387         while (tmpdev.primary >= 0) {
1388                 masterpos= active->lowsec;
1389
1390                 if ((r= get_master(master, table, masterpos)) != 0) return r;
1391
1392                 active= table[tmpdev.primary];
1393
1394                 /* How does one check a partition table entry? */
1395                 if (active->sysind == NO_PART) return B_NOSIG;
1396
1397                 tmpdev.primary= tmpdev.secondary;
1398                 tmpdev.secondary= -1;
1399         }
1400
1401         if (activate && !active->bootind) {
1402                 for (n= 0; n < NR_PARTITIONS; n++) table[n]->bootind= 0;
1403                 active->bootind= ACTIVE_FLAG;
1404                 dirty= 1;
1405         }
1406
1407         /* Read the boot sector. */
1408         if ((r= readsectors(BOOTPOS, active->lowsec, 1)) != 0) return r;
1409
1410         /* Check signature word. */
1411         if (get_word(BOOTPOS+SIGNATOFF) != SIGNATURE) return B_NOSIG;
1412
1413         /* Write the partition table if a member must be made active. */
1414         if (dirty && (r= writesectors(mon2abs(master), masterpos, 1)) != 0)
1415                 return r;
1416
1417         bootstrap(device, active);
1418         return 0;
1419 }
1420
1421 static void boot_device(char *devname)
1422 /* Boot the device named by devname. */
1423 {
1424         dev_t dev= name2dev(devname);
1425         int save_dev= device;
1426         int r;
1427         const char *err;
1428
1429         if (tmpdev.device < 0) {
1430                 /* FIXME: clearer error message. */
1431                 if (dev != -1) printf("Can't boot from %s\n", devname);
1432                 return;
1433         }
1434
1435         /* Change current device and try to load and execute its bootstrap. */
1436         device= tmpdev.device;
1437
1438         if ((r= dev_open()) == 0) r= exec_bootstrap();
1439
1440         err= r == B_NOSIG ? "Not bootable" : bios_err(r);
1441         printf("Can't boot %s: %s\n", devname, err);
1442
1443         /* Restore boot device setting. */
1444         device= save_dev;
1445         (void) dev_open();
1446 }
1447
1448 static void ctty(char *line)
1449 {
1450         if (line == nil) {
1451                 serial_line = -1;
1452         } else if (between('0', line[0], '3') && line[1] == 0) {
1453                 serial_line = line[0] - '0';
1454         } else {
1455                 printf("Bad serial line number: %s\n", line);
1456                 return;
1457         }
1458         serial_init(serial_line);
1459 }
1460
1461 #else /* DOS */
1462
1463 static void boot_device(char *devname)
1464 /* No booting of other devices under DOS. */
1465 {
1466         printf("Can't boot devices under DOS\n");
1467 }
1468
1469 static void ctty(char *line)
1470 /* Don't know how to handle serial lines under DOS. */
1471 {
1472         printf("No serial line support under DOS\n");
1473 }
1474
1475 #endif /* DOS */
1476 #endif /* BIOS */
1477
1478 static void ls(char *dir)
1479 /* List the contents of a directory. */
1480 {
1481         ino_t ino;
1482         struct stat st;
1483         char name[NAME_MAX+1];
1484
1485         if (fsok == -1) fsok= r_super(&block_size) != 0;
1486         if (!fsok) return;
1487
1488         /* (,) construct because r_stat returns void */
1489         if ((ino= r_lookup(ROOT_INO, dir)) == 0 ||
1490                 (r_stat(ino, &st), r_readdir(name)) == -1)
1491         {
1492                 printf("ls: %s: %s\n", dir, unix_err(errno));
1493                 return;
1494         }
1495         (void) r_readdir(name); /* Skip ".." too. */
1496
1497         while ((ino= r_readdir(name)) != 0) printf("%s/%s\n", dir, name);
1498 }
1499
1500 static u32_t milli_time(void)
1501 {
1502         return get_tick() * MSEC_PER_TICK;
1503 }
1504
1505 static u32_t milli_since(u32_t base)
1506 {
1507         return (milli_time() + (TICKS_PER_DAY*MSEC_PER_TICK) - base)
1508                         % (TICKS_PER_DAY*MSEC_PER_TICK);
1509 }
1510
1511 static char *Thandler;
1512 static u32_t Tbase, Tcount;
1513
1514 static void unschedule(void)
1515 /* Invalidate a waiting command. */
1516 {
1517         alarm(0);
1518
1519         if (Thandler != nil) {
1520                 free(Thandler);
1521                 Thandler= nil;
1522         }
1523 }
1524
1525 static void schedule(long msec, char *cmd)
1526 /* Schedule command at a certain time from now. */
1527 {
1528         unschedule();
1529         Thandler= cmd;
1530         Tbase= milli_time();
1531         Tcount= msec;
1532         alarm(1);
1533 }
1534
1535 int expired(void)
1536 /* Check if the timer expired for getch(). */
1537 {
1538         return (Thandler != nil && milli_since(Tbase) >= Tcount);
1539 }
1540
1541 void delay(char *msec)
1542 /* Delay for a given time. */
1543 {
1544         u32_t base, count;
1545
1546         if ((count= a2l(msec)) == 0) return;
1547         base= milli_time();
1548
1549         alarm(1);
1550
1551         do {
1552                 pause();
1553         } while (!interrupt() && !expired() && milli_since(base) < count);
1554 }
1555
1556 static enum whatfun { NOFUN, SELECT, DEFFUN, USERFUN } menufun(environment *e)
1557 {
1558         if (!(e->flags & E_FUNCTION) || e->arg[0] == 0) return NOFUN;
1559         if (e->arg[1] != ',') return SELECT;
1560         return e->flags & E_RESERVED ? DEFFUN : USERFUN;
1561 }
1562
1563 void menu(void)
1564 /* By default:  Show a simple menu.
1565  * Multiple kernels/images:  Show extra selection options.
1566  * User defined function:  Kill the defaults and show these.
1567  * Wait for a keypress and execute the given function.
1568  */
1569 {
1570         int c, def= 1;
1571         char *choice= nil;
1572         environment *e;
1573
1574         /* Just a default menu? */
1575         for (e= env; e != nil; e= e->next) if (menufun(e) == USERFUN) def= 0;
1576
1577         printf("\nHit a key as follows:\n\n");
1578
1579         /* Show the choices. */
1580         for (e= env; e != nil; e= e->next) {
1581                 switch (menufun(e)) {
1582                 case DEFFUN:
1583                         if (!def) break;
1584                         /*FALL THROUGH*/
1585                 case USERFUN:
1586                         printf("    %c  %s\n", e->arg[0], e->arg+2);
1587                         break;
1588                 case SELECT:
1589                         printf("    %c  Select %s kernel\n", e->arg[0],e->name);
1590                         break;
1591                 case NOFUN:
1592                 default:;
1593                 }
1594         }
1595
1596         /* Wait for a keypress. */
1597         do {
1598                 c= getch();
1599                 if (interrupt() || expired()) return;
1600
1601                 unschedule();
1602
1603                 for (e= env; e != nil; e= e->next) {
1604                         switch (menufun(e)) {
1605                         case DEFFUN:
1606                                 if (!def) break;
1607                         case USERFUN:
1608                         case SELECT:
1609                                 if (c == e->arg[0]) choice= e->value;
1610                         }
1611                 }
1612         } while (choice == nil);
1613
1614         /* Execute the chosen function. */
1615         printf("%c\n", c);
1616         (void) tokenize(&cmds, choice);
1617 }
1618
1619 void help(void)
1620 /* Not everyone is a rocket scientist. */
1621 {
1622         struct help {
1623                 char    *thing;
1624                 char    *help;
1625         } *pi;
1626         static struct help info[] = {
1627                 { nil,  "Names:" },
1628                 { "rootdev",            "Root device" },
1629                 { "ramimagedev",        "Device to use as RAM disk image " },
1630                 { "ramsize",            "RAM disk size (if no image device) " },
1631                 { "bootdev",            "Special name for the boot device" },
1632                 { "fd0, d0p2, c0d0p1s0",        "Devices (as in /dev)" },
1633                 { "image",              "Name of the boot image to use" },
1634                 { "main",               "Startup function" },
1635                 { "bootdelay",          "Delay in msec after loading image" },
1636                 { nil,  "Commands:" },
1637                 { "name = [device] value",  "Set environment variable" },
1638                 { "name() { ... }",         "Define function" },
1639                 { "name(key,text) { ... }",
1640                         "A menu option like: minix(=,Start MINIX) {boot}" },
1641                 { "name",               "Call function" },
1642                 { "boot [device]",      "Boot Minix or another O.S." },
1643                 { "ctty [line]",        "Duplicate to serial line" },
1644                 { "delay [msec]",       "Delay (500 msec default)" },
1645                 { "echo word ...",      "Display the words" },
1646                 { "ls [directory]",     "List contents of directory" },
1647                 { "menu",               "Show menu and choose menu option" },
1648                 { "save / set",         "Save or show environment" },
1649                 { "trap msec command",  "Schedule command " },
1650                 { "unset name ...",     "Unset variable or set to default" },
1651                 { "exit / off",         "Exit the Monitor / Power off" },
1652         };
1653
1654         for (pi= info; pi < arraylimit(info); pi++) {
1655                 if (pi->thing != nil) printf("    %-24s- ", pi->thing);
1656                 printf("%s\n", pi->help);
1657         }
1658 }
1659
1660 static void execute(void)
1661 /* Get one command from the command chain and execute it. */
1662 {
1663         token *second, *third, *fourth, *sep;
1664         char *name;
1665         enum resnames res;
1666         size_t n= 0;
1667
1668         if (err) {
1669                 /* An error occured, stop interpreting. */
1670                 while (cmds != nil) voidtoken();
1671                 return;
1672         }
1673
1674         if (expired()) {        /* Timer expired? */
1675                 parse_code(Thandler);
1676                 unschedule();
1677         }
1678
1679         /* There must be a separator lurking somewhere. */
1680         for (sep= cmds; sep != nil && sep->token[0] != ';'; sep= sep->next) n++;
1681
1682         name= cmds->token;
1683         res= reserved(name);
1684         if ((second= cmds->next) != nil
1685                 && (third= second->next) != nil)
1686                         fourth= third->next;
1687
1688                 /* Null command? */
1689         if (n == 0) {
1690                 voidtoken();
1691                 return;
1692         } else
1693                 /* name = [device] value? */
1694         if ((n == 3 || n == 4)
1695                 && !sugar(name)
1696                 && second->token[0] == '='
1697                 && !sugar(third->token)
1698                 && (n == 3 || (n == 4 && third->token[0] == 'd'
1699                                         && !sugar(fourth->token)
1700         ))) {
1701                 char *value= third->token;
1702                 int flags= E_VAR;
1703
1704                 if (n == 4) { value= fourth->token; flags|= E_DEV; }
1705
1706                 if ((flags= b_setvar(flags, name, value)) != 0) {
1707                         printf("%s is a %s\n", name,
1708                                 flags & E_RESERVED ? "reserved word" :
1709                                                 "special function");
1710                         err= 1;
1711                 }
1712                 while (cmds != sep) voidtoken();
1713                 return;
1714         } else
1715                 /* name '(arg)' ... ? */
1716         if (n >= 3
1717                 && !sugar(name)
1718                 && second->token[0] == '('
1719         ) {
1720                 token *fun;
1721                 int c, flags, depth;
1722                 char *body;
1723                 size_t len;
1724
1725                 sep= fun= third;
1726                 depth= 0;
1727                 len= 1;
1728                 while (sep != nil) {
1729                         if ((c= sep->token[0]) == ';' && depth == 0) break;
1730                         len+= strlen(sep->token) + 1;
1731                         sep= sep->next;
1732                         if (c == '{') depth++;
1733                         if (c == '}' && --depth == 0) break;
1734                 }
1735
1736                 body= malloc(len * sizeof(char));
1737                 *body= 0;
1738
1739                 while (fun != sep) {
1740                         strcat(body, fun->token);
1741                         if (!sugar(fun->token)
1742                                 && !sugar(fun->next->token)
1743                         ) strcat(body, " ");
1744                         fun= fun->next;
1745                 }
1746                 second->token[strlen(second->token)-1]= 0;
1747
1748                 if (depth != 0) {
1749                         printf("Missing '}'\n");
1750                         err= 1;
1751                 } else
1752                 if ((flags= b_setenv(E_FUNCTION, name,
1753                                         second->token+1, body)) != 0) {
1754                         printf("%s is a %s\n", name,
1755                                 flags & E_RESERVED ? "reserved word" :
1756                                                 "special variable");
1757                         err= 1;
1758                 }
1759                 while (cmds != sep) voidtoken();
1760                 free(body);
1761                 return;
1762         } else
1763                 /* Grouping? */
1764         if (name[0] == '{') {
1765                 token **acmds= &cmds->next;
1766                 char *t;
1767                 int depth= 1;
1768
1769                 /* Find and remove matching '}' */
1770                 depth= 1;
1771                 while (*acmds != nil) {
1772                         t= (*acmds)->token;
1773                         if (t[0] == '{') depth++;
1774                         if (t[0] == '}' && --depth == 0) { t[0]= ';'; break; }
1775                         acmds= &(*acmds)->next;
1776                 }
1777                 voidtoken();
1778                 return;
1779         } else
1780                 /* Command coming up, check if ESC typed. */
1781         if (interrupt()) {
1782                 return;
1783         } else
1784                 /* unset name ..., echo word ...? */
1785         if (n >= 1 && (res == R_UNSET || res == R_ECHO)) {
1786                 char *arg= poptoken(), *p;
1787
1788                 for (;;) {
1789                         free(arg);
1790                         if (cmds == sep) break;
1791                         arg= poptoken();
1792                         if (res == R_UNSET) {   /* unset arg */
1793                                 b_unset(arg);
1794                         } else {                /* echo arg */
1795                                 p= arg;
1796                                 while (*p != 0) {
1797                                         if (*p != '\\') {
1798                                                 putch(*p);
1799                                         } else
1800                                         switch (*++p) {
1801                                         case 0:
1802                                                 if (cmds == sep) return;
1803                                                 continue;
1804                                         case 'n':
1805                                                 putch('\n');
1806                                                 break;
1807                                         case 'v':
1808                                                 printf(version);
1809                                                 break;
1810                                         case 'c':
1811                                                 clear_screen();
1812                                                 break;
1813                                         case 'w':
1814                                                 for (;;) {
1815                                                         if (interrupt())
1816                                                                 return;
1817                                                         if (getch() == '\n')
1818                                                                 break;
1819                                                 }
1820                                                 break;
1821                                         default:
1822                                                 putch(*p);
1823                                         }
1824                                         p++;
1825                                 }
1826                                 putch(cmds != sep ? ' ' : '\n');
1827                         }
1828                 }
1829                 return;
1830         } else
1831                 /* boot -opts? */
1832         if (n == 2 && res == R_BOOT && second->token[0] == '-') {
1833                 static char optsvar[]= "bootopts";
1834                 (void) b_setvar(E_VAR, optsvar, second->token);
1835                 voidtoken();
1836                 voidtoken();
1837                 bootminix();
1838                 b_unset(optsvar);
1839                 return;
1840         } else
1841                 /* boot device, ls dir, delay msec? */
1842         if (n == 2 && (res == R_BOOT || res == R_CTTY
1843                         || res == R_DELAY || res == R_LS)
1844         ) {
1845                 if (res == R_BOOT) boot_device(second->token);
1846                 if (res == R_CTTY) ctty(second->token);
1847                 if (res == R_DELAY) delay(second->token);
1848                 if (res == R_LS) ls(second->token);
1849                 voidtoken();
1850                 voidtoken();
1851                 return;
1852         } else
1853                 /* trap msec command? */
1854         if (n == 3 && res == R_TRAP && numeric(second->token)) {
1855                 long msec= a2l(second->token);
1856
1857                 voidtoken();
1858                 voidtoken();
1859                 schedule(msec, poptoken());
1860                 return;
1861         } else
1862                 /* Simple command. */
1863         if (n == 1) {
1864                 char *body;
1865                 int ok= 0;
1866
1867                 name= poptoken();
1868
1869                 switch (res) {
1870                 case R_BOOT:    bootminix();    ok= 1;  break;
1871                 case R_DELAY:   delay("500");   ok= 1;  break;
1872                 case R_LS:      ls(null);       ok= 1;  break;
1873                 case R_MENU:    menu();         ok= 1;  break;
1874                 case R_SAVE:    save_parameters(); ok= 1;break;
1875                 case R_SET:     show_env();     ok= 1;  break;
1876                 case R_HELP:    help();         ok= 1;  break;
1877                 case R_EXIT:    exit(0);
1878                 case R_OFF:     off();          ok= 1;  break;
1879                 case R_CTTY:    ctty(nil);      ok= 1;  break;
1880                 }
1881
1882                 /* Command to check bootparams: */
1883                 if (strcmp(name, ":") == 0) ok= 1;
1884
1885                 /* User defined function. */
1886                 if (!ok && (body= b_body(name)) != nil) {
1887                         (void) tokenize(&cmds, body);
1888                         ok= 1;
1889                 }
1890                 if (!ok) printf("%s: unknown function", name);
1891                 free(name);
1892                 if (ok) return;
1893         } else {
1894                 /* Syntax error. */
1895                 printf("Can't parse:");
1896                 while (cmds != sep) {
1897                         printf(" %s", cmds->token); voidtoken();
1898                 }
1899         }
1900
1901         /* Getting here means that the command is not understood. */
1902         printf("\nTry 'help'\n");
1903         err= 1;
1904 }
1905
1906 int run_trailer(void)
1907 /* Run the trailer function between loading Minix and handing control to it.
1908  * Return true iff there was no error.
1909  */
1910 {
1911         token *save_cmds= cmds;
1912
1913         cmds= nil;
1914         (void) tokenize(&cmds, "trailer");
1915         while (cmds != nil) execute();
1916         cmds= save_cmds;
1917         return !err;
1918 }
1919
1920 static void monitor(void)
1921 /* Read a line and tokenize it. */
1922 {
1923         char *line;
1924
1925         unschedule();           /* Kill a trap. */
1926         err= 0;                 /* Clear error state. */
1927
1928         if (istty) printf("%s>", bootdev.name);
1929         line= readline();
1930         (void) tokenize(&cmds, line);
1931         free(line);
1932         (void) escape();        /* Forget if ESC typed. */
1933 }
1934
1935 #if BIOS
1936
1937 void boot(void)
1938 /* Load Minix and start it, among other things. */
1939 {
1940         /* Initialize tables. */
1941         initialize();
1942
1943         /* Get environment variables from the parameter sector. */
1944         get_parameters();
1945
1946         while (1) {
1947                 /* While there are commands, execute them! */
1948
1949                 while (cmds != nil) execute();
1950
1951                 /* The "monitor" is just a "read one command" thing. */
1952                 monitor();
1953         }
1954 }
1955 #endif /* BIOS */
1956
1957 #if UNIX
1958
1959 void main(int argc, char **argv)
1960 /* Do not load or start anything, just edit parameters. */
1961 {
1962         int i;
1963         char bootcode[SECTOR_SIZE];
1964         struct termios rawterm;
1965
1966         istty= (argc <= 2 && tcgetattr(0, &termbuf) == 0);
1967
1968         if (argc < 2) {
1969                 fprintf(stderr, "Usage: edparams device [command ...]\n");
1970                 exit(1);
1971         }
1972
1973         /* Go over the arguments, changing control characters to spaces. */
1974         for (i= 2; i < argc; i++) {
1975                 char *p;
1976
1977                 for (p= argv[i]; *p != 0; p++) {
1978                         if ((unsigned) *p < ' ' && *p != '\n') *p= ' ';
1979                 }
1980         }
1981
1982         bootdev.name= argv[1];
1983         if (strncmp(bootdev.name, "/dev/", 5) == 0) bootdev.name+= 5;
1984         if ((bootdev.device= open(argv[1], O_RDWR, 0666)) < 0)
1985                 fatal(bootdev.name);
1986
1987         /* Check if it is a bootable Minix device. */
1988         if (readsectors(mon2abs(bootcode), lowsec, 1) != 0) {
1989                 fprintf(stderr, "edparams: %s: not a bootable Minix device\n",
1990                         bootdev.name);
1991                 exit(1);
1992         }
1993
1994         /* Print greeting message.  */
1995         if (istty) printf("Boot parameters editor.\n");
1996
1997         signal(SIGINT, trap);
1998         signal(SIGALRM, trap);
1999
2000         if (istty) {
2001                 rawterm= termbuf;
2002                 rawterm.c_lflag&= ~(ICANON|ECHO|IEXTEN);
2003                 rawterm.c_cc[VINTR]= ESC;
2004                 if (tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &rawterm) < 0) fatal("");
2005         }
2006
2007         /* Get environment variables from the parameter sector. */
2008         get_parameters();
2009
2010         i= 2;
2011         for (;;) {
2012                 /* While there are commands, execute them! */
2013                 while (cmds != nil || i < argc) {
2014                         if (cmds == nil) {
2015                                 /* A command line command. */
2016                                 parse_code(argv[i++]);
2017                         }
2018                         execute();
2019
2020                         /* Bail out on errors if not interactive. */
2021                         if (err && !istty) exit(1);
2022                 }
2023
2024                 /* Commands on the command line? */
2025                 if (argc > 2) break;
2026
2027                 /* The "monitor" is just a "read one command" thing. */
2028                 monitor();
2029         }
2030         exit(0);
2031 }
2032 #endif /* UNIX */
2033
2034 /*
2035  * $PchId: boot.c,v 1.14 2002/02/27 19:46:14 philip Exp $
2036  */
2037