memory: use sys_safememset() for /dev/zero

[minix.git] / drivers / tty / console.c

/* Code and data for the IBM console driver.
 *
 * The 6845 video controller used by the IBM PC shares its video memory with
 * the CPU somewhere in the 0xB0000 memory bank.  To the 6845 this memory
 * consists of 16-bit words.  Each word has a character code in the low byte
 * and a so-called attribute byte in the high byte.  The CPU directly modifies
 * video memory to display characters, and sets two registers on the 6845 that
 * specify the video origin and the cursor position.  The video origin is the
 * place in video memory where the first character (upper left corner) can
 * be found.  Moving the origin is a fast way to scroll the screen.  Some
 * video adapters wrap around the top of video memory, so the origin can
 * move without bounds.  For other adapters screen memory must sometimes be
 * moved to reset the origin.  All computations on video memory use character
 * (word) addresses for simplicity and assume there is no wrapping.  The
 * assembly support functions translate the word addresses to byte addresses
 * and the scrolling function worries about wrapping.
 */

#include <minix/drivers.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/vm.h>
#include <sys/video.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <minix/tty.h>
#include <minix/callnr.h>
#include <minix/com.h>
#include <minix/sys_config.h>
#include <minix/vm.h>
#include "tty.h"

/* Set this to 1 if you want console output duplicated on the first
 * serial line.
  */
#define DUP_CONS_TO_SER 0

/* The clock task should provide an interface for this */
#define TIMER_FREQ  1193182L    /* clock frequency for timer in PC and AT */

/* Global variables used by the console driver and assembly support. */
static phys_bytes vid_size;     /* 0x2000 for color or 0x0800 for mono */
static phys_bytes vid_base;
static unsigned vid_mask;       /* 0x1FFF for color or 0x07FF for mono */
static unsigned blank_color = BLANK_COLOR; /* display code for blank */

/* Private variables used by the console driver. */
static int vid_port;            /* I/O port for accessing 6845 */
static int wrap;                /* hardware can wrap? */
static int softscroll;          /* 1 = software scrolling, 0 = hardware */
static int beeping;             /* speaker is beeping? */
static unsigned font_lines;     /* font lines per character */
static unsigned scr_width;      /* # characters on a line */
static unsigned scr_lines;      /* # lines on the screen */
static unsigned scr_size;       /* # characters on the screen */

/* tells mem_vid_copy() to blank the screen */
#define BLANK_MEM ((vir_bytes) 0) 

static int disabled_vc = -1;    /* Virtual console that was active when 
                                 * disable_console was called.
                                 */
static int disabled_sm; /* Scroll mode to be restored when re-enabling
                                 * console
                                 */

static char *console_memory = NULL;
static char *font_memory = NULL;

/* Per console data. */
typedef struct console {
  tty_t *c_tty;                 /* associated TTY struct */
  int c_column;                 /* current column number (0-origin) */
  int c_row;                    /* current row (0 at top of screen) */
  int c_rwords;                 /* number of WORDS (not bytes) in outqueue */
  unsigned c_start;             /* start of video memory of this console */
  unsigned c_limit;             /* limit of this console's video memory */
  unsigned c_org;               /* location in RAM where 6845 base points */
  unsigned c_cur;               /* current position of cursor in video RAM */
  unsigned c_attr;              /* character attribute */
  unsigned c_blank;             /* blank attribute */
  char c_reverse;               /* reverse video */
  char c_esc_state;             /* 0=normal, 1=ESC, 2=ESC[ */
  char c_esc_intro;             /* Distinguishing character following ESC */
  int *c_esc_parmp;             /* pointer to current escape parameter */
  int c_esc_parmv[MAX_ESC_PARMS];       /* list of escape parameters */
  u16_t c_ramqueue[CONS_RAM_WORDS];     /* buffer for video RAM */
  int c_line;                   /* line no */
} console_t;

#define UPDATE_CURSOR(ccons, cursor) {                          \
        ccons->c_cur = cursor;                                  \
        if(curcons && ccons == curcons)                         \
                set_6845(CURSOR, ccons->c_cur);                 \
}

#define UPDATE_ORIGIN(ccons, origin) {                          \
        ccons->c_org = origin;                                  \
        if (curcons && ccons == curcons)                        \
                set_6845(VID_ORG, ccons->c_org);                \
}

static int nr_cons= 1;          /* actual number of consoles */
static console_t cons_table[NR_CONS];
static console_t *curcons = NULL;       /* currently visible */

static int shutting_down = FALSE;       /* don't allow console switches */

/* Color if using a color controller. */
#define color   (vid_port == C_6845)

/* Map from ANSI colors to the attributes used by the PC */
static int ansi_colors[8] = {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7};

/* Structure used for font management */
struct sequence {
        unsigned short index;
        unsigned char port;
        unsigned char value;
};

static int cons_write(struct tty *tp, int try);
static void cons_echo(tty_t *tp, int c);
static void out_char(console_t *cons, int c);
static void cons_putk(int c);
static void beep(void);
static void do_escape(console_t *cons, int c);
static void flush(console_t *cons);
static void parse_escape(console_t *cons, int c);
static void scroll_screen(console_t *cons, int dir);
static void set_6845(int reg, unsigned val);
static void stop_beep(timer_t *tmrp);
static void cons_org0(void);
static void disable_console(void);
static void reenable_console(void);
static int ga_program(struct sequence *seq);
static int cons_ioctl(tty_t *tp, int);
static void mem_vid_copy(vir_bytes src, int dst, int count);
static void vid_vid_copy(int src, int dst, int count);

#if 0
static void get_6845(int reg, unsigned *val);
#endif

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              cons_write                                   *
 *===========================================================================*/
static int cons_write(tp, try)
register struct tty *tp;        /* tells which terminal is to be used */
int try;
{
/* Copy as much data as possible to the output queue, then start I/O.  On
 * memory-mapped terminals, such as the IBM console, the I/O will also be
 * finished, and the counts updated.  Keep repeating until all I/O done.
 */

  int count;
  int result;
  register char *tbuf;
  char buf[64];
  console_t *cons = tp->tty_priv;

  if (try) return 1;    /* we can always write to console */

  /* Check quickly for nothing to do, so this can be called often without
   * unmodular tests elsewhere.
   */
  if ((count = tp->tty_outleft) == 0 || tp->tty_inhibited) return 0;

  /* Copy the user bytes to buf[] for decent addressing. Loop over the
   * copies, since the user buffer may be much larger than buf[].
   */
  do {
        if (count > sizeof(buf)) count = sizeof(buf);
        if ((result = sys_safecopyfrom(tp->tty_outcaller, tp->tty_outgrant,
                tp->tty_outoffset, (vir_bytes) buf, count)) != OK)
                break;
        tp->tty_outoffset += count;
        tbuf = buf;

        /* Update terminal data structure. */
        tp->tty_outcum += count;
        tp->tty_outleft -= count;

        /* Output each byte of the copy to the screen.  Avoid calling
         * out_char() for the "easy" characters, put them into the buffer
         * directly.
         */
        do {
                if ((unsigned) *tbuf < ' ' || cons->c_esc_state > 0
                        || cons->c_column >= scr_width
                        || cons->c_rwords >= buflen(cons->c_ramqueue))
                {
                        out_char(cons, *tbuf++);
                } else {
#if DUP_CONS_TO_SER
                        if (cons == &cons_table[0]) ser_putc(*tbuf);
#endif
                        cons->c_ramqueue[cons->c_rwords++] =
                                        cons->c_attr | (*tbuf++ & BYTE);
                        cons->c_column++;
                }
        } while (--count != 0);
  } while ((count = tp->tty_outleft) != 0 && !tp->tty_inhibited);

  flush(cons);                  /* transfer anything buffered to the screen */

  /* Reply to the writer if all output is finished or if an error occured. */
  if (tp->tty_outleft == 0 || result != OK) {
        if(tp->tty_outrepcode == TTY_REVIVE) {
                notify(tp->tty_outcaller);
                tp->tty_outrevived = 1;
        } else {
                tty_reply(tp->tty_outrepcode, tp->tty_outcaller,
                        tp->tty_outproc, tp->tty_outcum);
                tp->tty_outcum = 0;
        }
  }

  return 0;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              cons_echo                                    *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void cons_echo(tp, c)
register tty_t *tp;             /* pointer to tty struct */
int c;                          /* character to be echoed */
{
/* Echo keyboard input (print & flush). */
  console_t *cons = tp->tty_priv;

  out_char(cons, c);
  flush(cons);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              out_char                                     *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void out_char(cons, c)
register console_t *cons;       /* pointer to console struct */
int c;                          /* character to be output */
{
/* Output a character on the console.  Check for escape sequences first. */
  if (cons->c_esc_state > 0) {
        parse_escape(cons, c);
        return;
  }

#if DUP_CONS_TO_SER
  if (cons == &cons_table[0] && c != '\0')
  {
        if (c == '\n')
                ser_putc('\r');
        ser_putc(c);
  }
#endif

  switch(c) {
        case 000:               /* null is typically used for padding */
                return;         /* better not do anything */

        case 007:               /* ring the bell */
                flush(cons);    /* print any chars queued for output */
                beep();
                return;

        case '\b':              /* backspace */
                if (--cons->c_column < 0) {
                        if (--cons->c_row >= 0) cons->c_column += scr_width;
                }
                flush(cons);
                return;

        case '\n':              /* line feed */
                if ((cons->c_tty->tty_termios.c_oflag & (OPOST|ONLCR))
                                                == (OPOST|ONLCR)) {
                        cons->c_column = 0;
                }
                /*FALL THROUGH*/
        case 013:               /* CTRL-K */
        case 014:               /* CTRL-L */
                if (cons->c_row == scr_lines-1) {
                        scroll_screen(cons, SCROLL_UP);
                } else {
                        cons->c_row++;
                }
                flush(cons);
                return;

        case '\r':              /* carriage return */
                cons->c_column = 0;
                flush(cons);
                return;

        case '\t':              /* tab */
                cons->c_column = (cons->c_column + TAB_SIZE) & ~TAB_MASK;
                if (cons->c_column > scr_width) {
                        cons->c_column -= scr_width;
                        if (cons->c_row == scr_lines-1) {
                                scroll_screen(cons, SCROLL_UP);
                        } else {
                                cons->c_row++;
                        }
                }
                flush(cons);
                return;

        case 033:               /* ESC - start of an escape sequence */
                flush(cons);    /* print any chars queued for output */
                cons->c_esc_state = 1;  /* mark ESC as seen */
                return;

        default:                /* printable chars are stored in ramqueue */
                if (cons->c_column >= scr_width) {
                        if (!LINEWRAP) return;
                        if (cons->c_row == scr_lines-1) {
                                scroll_screen(cons, SCROLL_UP);
                        } else {
                                cons->c_row++;
                        }
                        cons->c_column = 0;
                        flush(cons);
                }
                if (cons->c_rwords == buflen(cons->c_ramqueue)) flush(cons);
                cons->c_ramqueue[cons->c_rwords++] = cons->c_attr | (c & BYTE);
                cons->c_column++;                       /* next column */
                return;
  }
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              scroll_screen                                *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void scroll_screen(cons, dir)
register console_t *cons;       /* pointer to console struct */
int dir;                        /* SCROLL_UP or SCROLL_DOWN */
{
  unsigned new_line, new_org, chars;

  flush(cons);
  chars = scr_size - scr_width;         /* one screen minus one line */

  /* Scrolling the screen is a real nuisance due to the various incompatible
   * video cards.  This driver supports software scrolling (Hercules?),
   * hardware scrolling (mono and CGA cards) and hardware scrolling without
   * wrapping (EGA cards).  In the latter case we must make sure that
   *            c_start <= c_org && c_org + scr_size <= c_limit
   * holds, because EGA doesn't wrap around the end of video memory.
   */
  if (dir == SCROLL_UP) {
        /* Scroll one line up in 3 ways: soft, avoid wrap, use origin. */
        if (softscroll) {
                vid_vid_copy(cons->c_start + scr_width, cons->c_start, chars);
        } else
        if (!wrap && cons->c_org + scr_size + scr_width >= cons->c_limit) {
                vid_vid_copy(cons->c_org + scr_width, cons->c_start, chars);
                UPDATE_ORIGIN(cons, cons->c_start);
        } else {
                UPDATE_ORIGIN(cons, (cons->c_org + scr_width) & vid_mask);
        }
        new_line = (cons->c_org + chars) & vid_mask;
  } else {
        /* Scroll one line down in 3 ways: soft, avoid wrap, use origin. */
        if (softscroll) {
                vid_vid_copy(cons->c_start, cons->c_start + scr_width, chars);
        } else
        if (!wrap && cons->c_org < cons->c_start + scr_width) {
                new_org = cons->c_limit - scr_size;
                vid_vid_copy(cons->c_org, new_org + scr_width, chars);
                UPDATE_ORIGIN(cons, new_org);
        } else {
                UPDATE_ORIGIN(cons, (cons->c_org - scr_width) & vid_mask);
        }
        new_line = cons->c_org;
  }
  /* Blank the new line at top or bottom. */
  blank_color = cons->c_blank;
  mem_vid_copy(BLANK_MEM, new_line, scr_width);

  flush(cons);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              flush                                        *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void flush(cons)
register console_t *cons;       /* pointer to console struct */
{
/* Send characters buffered in 'ramqueue' to screen memory, check the new
 * cursor position, compute the new hardware cursor position and set it.
 */
  unsigned cur;
  tty_t *tp = cons->c_tty;

  /* Have the characters in 'ramqueue' transferred to the screen. */
  if (cons->c_rwords > 0) {
        mem_vid_copy((vir_bytes) cons->c_ramqueue, cons->c_cur, cons->c_rwords);
        cons->c_rwords = 0;

        /* TTY likes to know the current column and if echoing messed up. */
        tp->tty_position = cons->c_column;
        tp->tty_reprint = TRUE;
  }

  /* Check and update the cursor position. */
  if (cons->c_column < 0) cons->c_column = 0;
  if (cons->c_column > scr_width) cons->c_column = scr_width;
  if (cons->c_row < 0) cons->c_row = 0;
  if (cons->c_row >= scr_lines) cons->c_row = scr_lines - 1;
  cur = cons->c_org + cons->c_row * scr_width + cons->c_column;
  if (cur != cons->c_cur)
        UPDATE_CURSOR(cons, cur);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              parse_escape                                 *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void parse_escape(cons, c)
register console_t *cons;       /* pointer to console struct */
char c;                         /* next character in escape sequence */
{
/* The following ANSI escape sequences are currently supported.
 * If n and/or m are omitted, they default to 1.
 *   ESC [nA moves up n lines
 *   ESC [nB moves down n lines
 *   ESC [nC moves right n spaces
 *   ESC [nD moves left n spaces
 *   ESC [m;nH" moves cursor to (m,n)
 *   ESC [J clears screen from cursor
 *   ESC [K clears line from cursor
 *   ESC [nL inserts n lines ar cursor
 *   ESC [nM deletes n lines at cursor
 *   ESC [nP deletes n chars at cursor
 *   ESC [n@ inserts n chars at cursor
 *   ESC [nm enables rendition n (0=normal, 4=bold, 5=blinking, 7=reverse)
 *   ESC M scrolls the screen backwards if the cursor is on the top line
 */

  switch (cons->c_esc_state) {
    case 1:                     /* ESC seen */
        cons->c_esc_intro = '\0';
        cons->c_esc_parmp = bufend(cons->c_esc_parmv);
        do {
                *--cons->c_esc_parmp = 0;
        } while (cons->c_esc_parmp > cons->c_esc_parmv);
        switch (c) {
            case '[':   /* Control Sequence Introducer */
                cons->c_esc_intro = c;
                cons->c_esc_state = 2;
                break;
            case 'M':   /* Reverse Index */
                do_escape(cons, c);
                break;
            default:
                cons->c_esc_state = 0;
        }
        break;

    case 2:                     /* ESC [ seen */
        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
                if (cons->c_esc_parmp < bufend(cons->c_esc_parmv))
                        *cons->c_esc_parmp = *cons->c_esc_parmp * 10 + (c-'0');
        } else
        if (c == ';') {
                if (cons->c_esc_parmp < bufend(cons->c_esc_parmv))
                        cons->c_esc_parmp++;
        } else {
                do_escape(cons, c);
        }
        break;
  }
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              do_escape                                    *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void do_escape(cons, c)
register console_t *cons;       /* pointer to console struct */
char c;                         /* next character in escape sequence */
{
  int value, n;
  unsigned src, dst, count;
  int *parmp;

  /* Some of these things hack on screen RAM, so it had better be up to date */
  flush(cons);

  if (cons->c_esc_intro == '\0') {
        /* Handle a sequence beginning with just ESC */
        switch (c) {
            case 'M':           /* Reverse Index */
                if (cons->c_row == 0) {
                        scroll_screen(cons, SCROLL_DOWN);
                } else {
                        cons->c_row--;
                }
                flush(cons);
                break;

            default: break;
        }
  } else
  if (cons->c_esc_intro == '[') {
        /* Handle a sequence beginning with ESC [ and parameters */
        value = cons->c_esc_parmv[0];
        switch (c) {
            case 'A':           /* ESC [nA moves up n lines */
                n = (value == 0 ? 1 : value);
                cons->c_row -= n;
                flush(cons);
                break;

            case 'B':           /* ESC [nB moves down n lines */
                n = (value == 0 ? 1 : value);
                cons->c_row += n;
                flush(cons);
                break;

            case 'C':           /* ESC [nC moves right n spaces */
                n = (value == 0 ? 1 : value);
                cons->c_column += n;
                flush(cons);
                break;

            case 'D':           /* ESC [nD moves left n spaces */
                n = (value == 0 ? 1 : value);
                cons->c_column -= n;
                flush(cons);
                break;

            case 'H':           /* ESC [m;nH" moves cursor to (m,n) */
                cons->c_row = cons->c_esc_parmv[0] - 1;
                cons->c_column = cons->c_esc_parmv[1] - 1;
                flush(cons);
                break;

            case 'J':           /* ESC [sJ clears in display */
                switch (value) {
                    case 0:     /* Clear from cursor to end of screen */
                        count = scr_size - (cons->c_cur - cons->c_org);
                        dst = cons->c_cur;
                        break;
                    case 1:     /* Clear from start of screen to cursor */
                        count = cons->c_cur - cons->c_org;
                        dst = cons->c_org;
                        break;
                    case 2:     /* Clear entire screen */
                        count = scr_size;
                        dst = cons->c_org;
                        break;
                    default:    /* Do nothing */
                        count = 0;
                        dst = cons->c_org;
                }
                blank_color = cons->c_blank;
                mem_vid_copy(BLANK_MEM, dst, count);
                break;

            case 'K':           /* ESC [sK clears line from cursor */
                switch (value) {
                    case 0:     /* Clear from cursor to end of line */
                        count = scr_width - cons->c_column;
                        dst = cons->c_cur;
                        break;
                    case 1:     /* Clear from beginning of line to cursor */
                        count = cons->c_column;
                        dst = cons->c_cur - cons->c_column;
                        break;
                    case 2:     /* Clear entire line */
                        count = scr_width;
                        dst = cons->c_cur - cons->c_column;
                        break;
                    default:    /* Do nothing */
                        count = 0;
                        dst = cons->c_cur;
                }
                blank_color = cons->c_blank;
                mem_vid_copy(BLANK_MEM, dst, count);
                break;

            case 'L':           /* ESC [nL inserts n lines at cursor */
                n = value;
                if (n < 1) n = 1;
                if (n > (scr_lines - cons->c_row))
                        n = scr_lines - cons->c_row;

                src = cons->c_org + cons->c_row * scr_width;
                dst = src + n * scr_width;
                count = (scr_lines - cons->c_row - n) * scr_width;
                vid_vid_copy(src, dst, count);
                blank_color = cons->c_blank;
                mem_vid_copy(BLANK_MEM, src, n * scr_width);
                break;

            case 'M':           /* ESC [nM deletes n lines at cursor */
                n = value;
                if (n < 1) n = 1;
                if (n > (scr_lines - cons->c_row))
                        n = scr_lines - cons->c_row;

                dst = cons->c_org + cons->c_row * scr_width;
                src = dst + n * scr_width;
                count = (scr_lines - cons->c_row - n) * scr_width;
                vid_vid_copy(src, dst, count);
                blank_color = cons->c_blank;
                mem_vid_copy(BLANK_MEM, dst + count, n * scr_width);
                break;

            case '@':           /* ESC [n@ inserts n chars at cursor */
                n = value;
                if (n < 1) n = 1;
                if (n > (scr_width - cons->c_column))
                        n = scr_width - cons->c_column;

                src = cons->c_cur;
                dst = src + n;
                count = scr_width - cons->c_column - n;
                vid_vid_copy(src, dst, count);
                blank_color = cons->c_blank;
                mem_vid_copy(BLANK_MEM, src, n);
                break;

            case 'P':           /* ESC [nP deletes n chars at cursor */
                n = value;
                if (n < 1) n = 1;
                if (n > (scr_width - cons->c_column))
                        n = scr_width - cons->c_column;

                dst = cons->c_cur;
                src = dst + n;
                count = scr_width - cons->c_column - n;
                vid_vid_copy(src, dst, count);
                blank_color = cons->c_blank;
                mem_vid_copy(BLANK_MEM, dst + count, n);
                break;

            case 'm':           /* ESC [nm enables rendition n */
                for (parmp = cons->c_esc_parmv; parmp <= cons->c_esc_parmp
                                && parmp < bufend(cons->c_esc_parmv); parmp++) {
                        if (cons->c_reverse) {
                                /* Unswap fg and bg colors */
                                cons->c_attr =  ((cons->c_attr & 0x7000) >> 4) |
                                                ((cons->c_attr & 0x0700) << 4) |
                                                ((cons->c_attr & 0x8800));
                        }
                        switch (n = *parmp) {
                            case 0:     /* NORMAL */
                                cons->c_attr = cons->c_blank = BLANK_COLOR;
                                cons->c_reverse = FALSE;
                                break;

                            case 1:     /* BOLD  */
                                /* Set intensity bit */
                                cons->c_attr |= 0x0800;
                                break;

                            case 4:     /* UNDERLINE */
                                if (color) {
                                        /* Change white to cyan, i.e. lose red
                                         */
                                        cons->c_attr = (cons->c_attr & 0xBBFF);
                                } else {
                                        /* Set underline attribute */
                                        cons->c_attr = (cons->c_attr & 0x99FF);
                                }
                                break;

                            case 5:     /* BLINKING */
                                /* Set the blink bit */
                                cons->c_attr |= 0x8000;
                                break;

                            case 7:     /* REVERSE */
                                cons->c_reverse = TRUE;
                                break;

                            default:    /* COLOR */
                                if (n == 39) n = 37;    /* set default color */
                                if (n == 49) n = 40;

                                if (!color) {
                                        /* Don't mess up a monochrome screen */
                                } else
                                if (30 <= n && n <= 37) {
                                        /* Foreground color */
                                        cons->c_attr =
                                                (cons->c_attr & 0xF8FF) |
                                                (ansi_colors[(n - 30)] << 8);
                                        cons->c_blank =
                                                (cons->c_blank & 0xF8FF) |
                                                (ansi_colors[(n - 30)] << 8);
                                } else
                                if (40 <= n && n <= 47) {
                                        /* Background color */
                                        cons->c_attr =
                                                (cons->c_attr & 0x8FFF) |
                                                (ansi_colors[(n - 40)] << 12);
                                        cons->c_blank =
                                                (cons->c_blank & 0x8FFF) |
                                                (ansi_colors[(n - 40)] << 12);
                                }
                        }
                        if (cons->c_reverse) {
                                /* Swap fg and bg colors */
                                cons->c_attr =  ((cons->c_attr & 0x7000) >> 4) |
                                                ((cons->c_attr & 0x0700) << 4) |
                                                ((cons->c_attr & 0x8800));
                        }
                }
                break;
        }
  }
  cons->c_esc_state = 0;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              set_6845                                     *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void set_6845(reg, val)
int reg;                        /* which register pair to set */
unsigned val;                   /* 16-bit value to set it to */
{
/* Set a register pair inside the 6845.
 * Registers 12-13 tell the 6845 where in video ram to start
 * Registers 14-15 tell the 6845 where to put the cursor
 */
  pvb_pair_t char_out[4];
  pv_set(char_out[0], vid_port + INDEX, reg);   /* set index register */
  pv_set(char_out[1], vid_port + DATA, (val>>8) & BYTE);    /* high byte */
  pv_set(char_out[2], vid_port + INDEX, reg + 1);           /* again */
  pv_set(char_out[3], vid_port + DATA, val&BYTE);           /* low byte */
  sys_voutb(char_out, 4);                       /* do actual output */
}

#if 0
/*===========================================================================*
 *                              get_6845                                     *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void get_6845(reg, val)
int reg;                        /* which register pair to set */
unsigned *val;                  /* 16-bit value to set it to */
{
  char v1, v2;
  u32_t v;
/* Get a register pair inside the 6845.  */
  sys_outb(vid_port + INDEX, reg); 
  sys_inb(vid_port + DATA, &v); 
  v1 = v;
  sys_outb(vid_port + INDEX, reg+1); 
  sys_inb(vid_port + DATA, &v); 
  v2 = v;
  *val = (v1 << 8) | v2;
}
#endif

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              beep                                         *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void beep()
{
/* Making a beeping sound on the speaker (output for CRTL-G).
 * This routine works by turning on the bits 0 and 1 in port B of the 8255
 * chip that drive the speaker.
 */
  static timer_t tmr_stop_beep;
  pvb_pair_t char_out[3];
  u32_t port_b_val;
  
  /* Set timer in advance to prevent beeping delay. */
  set_timer(&tmr_stop_beep, B_TIME, stop_beep, 0);

  if (!beeping) {
        /* Set timer channel 2, square wave, with given frequency. */
        pv_set(char_out[0], TIMER_MODE, 0xB6);  
        pv_set(char_out[1], TIMER2, (BEEP_FREQ >> 0) & BYTE);
        pv_set(char_out[2], TIMER2, (BEEP_FREQ >> 8) & BYTE);
        if (sys_voutb(char_out, 3)==OK) {
                if (sys_inb(PORT_B, &port_b_val)==OK &&
                    sys_outb(PORT_B, (port_b_val|3))==OK)
                        beeping = TRUE;
        }
  }
}


/*===========================================================================*
 *                              do_video                                     *
 *===========================================================================*/
void do_video(message *m)
{
        int r;

        /* Execute the requested device driver function. */
        r= EINVAL;      /* just in case */
        switch (m->m_type) {
            case DEV_OPEN:
                /* Should grant IOPL */
                disable_console();
                r= OK;
                break;
            case DEV_CLOSE:
                reenable_console();
                r= OK;
                break;
            case DEV_IOCTL_S:
                switch(m->TTY_REQUEST) {
                  case TIOCMAPMEM:
                  case TIOCUNMAPMEM: {
                        int r, do_map;
                        struct mapreqvm mapreqvm;

                        do_map= (m->REQUEST == TIOCMAPMEM);     /* else unmap */

                        r = sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source,
                                (cp_grant_id_t) m->IO_GRANT, 0,
                                (vir_bytes) &mapreqvm, sizeof(mapreqvm));

                        if (r != OK)
                        {
                                printf("tty: sys_safecopyfrom failed\n");
                                tty_reply(TASK_REPLY, m->m_source,
                                        m->USER_ENDPT, r);
                                return;
                        }

                        /* In safe ioctl mode, the POSITION field contains
                         * the endpt number of the original requestor.
                         * USER_ENDPT is always FS.
                         */

                        if(do_map) {
                                mapreqvm.vaddr_ret = vm_map_phys(m->POSITION,
                                (void *) mapreqvm.phys_offset, mapreqvm.size);
                                if((r = sys_safecopyto(m->m_source,
                                  (cp_grant_id_t) m->IO_GRANT, 0,
                                  (vir_bytes) &mapreqvm,
                                  sizeof(mapreqvm))) != OK) {
                                  printf("tty: sys_safecopyto failed\n");
                                }
                        } else {
                                r = vm_unmap_phys(m->POSITION, 
                                        mapreqvm.vaddr, mapreqvm.size);
                        }
                        tty_reply(TASK_REPLY, m->m_source, m->USER_ENDPT, r);
                        return;
                   }
                }
                r= ENOTTY;
                break;

            default:            
                printf(
                "Warning, TTY(video) got unexpected request %d from %d\n",
                        m->m_type, m->m_source);
                r= EINVAL;
        }
        tty_reply(TASK_REPLY, m->m_source, m->USER_ENDPT, r);
}


/*===========================================================================*
 *                              beep_x                                       *
 *===========================================================================*/
void beep_x(freq, dur)
unsigned freq;
clock_t dur;
{
/* Making a beeping sound on the speaker.
 * This routine works by turning on the bits 0 and 1 in port B of the 8255
 * chip that drive the speaker.
 */
  static timer_t tmr_stop_beep;
  pvb_pair_t char_out[3];
  u32_t port_b_val;
  
  unsigned long ival= TIMER_FREQ / freq;
  if (ival == 0 || ival > 0xffff)
        return; /* Frequency out of range */

  /* Set timer in advance to prevent beeping delay. */
  set_timer(&tmr_stop_beep, dur, stop_beep, 0);

  if (!beeping) {
        /* Set timer channel 2, square wave, with given frequency. */
        pv_set(char_out[0], TIMER_MODE, 0xB6);  
        pv_set(char_out[1], TIMER2, (ival >> 0) & BYTE);
        pv_set(char_out[2], TIMER2, (ival >> 8) & BYTE);
        if (sys_voutb(char_out, 3)==OK) {
                if (sys_inb(PORT_B, &port_b_val)==OK &&
                    sys_outb(PORT_B, (port_b_val|3))==OK)
                        beeping = TRUE;
        }
  }
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              stop_beep                                    *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void stop_beep(timer_t *UNUSED(tmrp))
{
/* Turn off the beeper by turning off bits 0 and 1 in PORT_B. */
  u32_t port_b_val;
  if (sys_inb(PORT_B, &port_b_val)==OK && 
        sys_outb(PORT_B, (port_b_val & ~3))==OK)
                beeping = FALSE;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              scr_init                                     *
 *===========================================================================*/
void scr_init(tp)
tty_t *tp;
{
/* Initialize the screen driver. */
  console_t *cons;
  u16_t bios_columns, bios_crtbase, bios_fontlines;
  u8_t bios_rows;
  int line;
  int s;
  static int vdu_initialized = 0;
  static unsigned page_size;

  /* Associate console and TTY. */
  line = tp - &tty_table[0];
  if (line >= nr_cons) return;
  cons = &cons_table[line];
  cons->c_tty = tp;
  cons->c_line = line;
  tp->tty_priv = cons;

  /* Fill in TTY function hooks. */
  tp->tty_devwrite = cons_write;
  tp->tty_echo = cons_echo;
  tp->tty_ioctl = cons_ioctl;

  /* Get the BIOS parameters that describe the VDU. */
  if (! vdu_initialized++) {

        /* FIXME: How about error checking? What to do on failure??? */
        s=sys_readbios(VDU_SCREEN_COLS_ADDR, &bios_columns,
                VDU_SCREEN_COLS_SIZE);
        s=sys_readbios(VDU_CRT_BASE_ADDR, &bios_crtbase,
                VDU_CRT_BASE_SIZE);
        s=sys_readbios( VDU_SCREEN_ROWS_ADDR, &bios_rows,
                VDU_SCREEN_ROWS_SIZE);
        s=sys_readbios(VDU_FONTLINES_ADDR, &bios_fontlines,
                VDU_FONTLINES_SIZE);

        vid_port = bios_crtbase;
        scr_width = bios_columns;
        font_lines = bios_fontlines;
        scr_lines = bios_rows+1;

        if (color) {
                vid_base = COLOR_BASE;
                vid_size = COLOR_SIZE;
        } else {
                vid_base = MONO_BASE;
                vid_size = MONO_SIZE;
        }
        vid_size = EGA_SIZE;
        wrap = 0;

        console_memory = vm_map_phys(SELF, (void *) vid_base, vid_size);

        if(console_memory == MAP_FAILED) 
                panic("Console couldn't map video memory");

        font_memory = vm_map_phys(SELF, (void *)GA_VIDEO_ADDRESS, GA_FONT_SIZE);

        if(font_memory == MAP_FAILED) 
                panic("Console couldn't map font memory");

        vid_size >>= 1;         /* word count */
        vid_mask = vid_size - 1;

        /* Size of the screen (number of displayed characters.) */
        scr_size = scr_lines * scr_width;

        /* There can be as many consoles as video memory allows. */
        nr_cons = vid_size / scr_size;

        if (nr_cons > NR_CONS) nr_cons = NR_CONS;
        if (nr_cons > 1) wrap = 0;
        if (nr_cons < 1) panic("no consoles");
        page_size = vid_size / nr_cons;
  }

  cons->c_start = line * page_size;
  cons->c_limit = cons->c_start + page_size;
  cons->c_cur = cons->c_org = cons->c_start;
  cons->c_attr = cons->c_blank = BLANK_COLOR;

  if (line != 0) {
        /* Clear the non-console vtys. */
        blank_color = BLANK_COLOR;
        mem_vid_copy(BLANK_MEM, cons->c_start, scr_size);
  } else {
        /* Set the cursor of the console vty at the bottom. c_cur
         * is updated automatically later.
         */
        scroll_screen(cons, SCROLL_UP);
        cons->c_row = scr_lines - 1;
        cons->c_column = 0;
  }
  select_console(0);
  cons_ioctl(tp, 0);
}

extern struct minix_kerninfo *_minix_kerninfo;

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              do_new_kmess                                 *
 *===========================================================================*/
void do_new_kmess()
{
/* Notification for a new kernel message. */
  struct kmessages *kmess_ptr;          /* kmessages structure */
  static int prev_next = 0;                     /* previous next seen */
  int bytes;
  int r;

  assert(_minix_kerninfo);
  kmess_ptr = _minix_kerninfo->kmessages;

  /* Print only the new part. Determine how many new bytes there are with 
   * help of the current and previous 'next' index. Note that the kernel
   * buffer is circular. This works fine if less then _KMESS_BUF_SIZE bytes
   * is new data; else we miss % _KMESS_BUF_SIZE here.  
   * Check for size being positive, the buffer might as well be emptied!
   */
  if (kmess_ptr->km_size > 0) {
      bytes = ((kmess_ptr->km_next + _KMESS_BUF_SIZE) - prev_next) % _KMESS_BUF_SIZE;
      r=prev_next;                              /* start at previous old */ 
      while (bytes > 0) {                       
          cons_putk( kmess_ptr->km_buf[(r%_KMESS_BUF_SIZE)] );
          bytes --;
          r ++;
      }
      cons_putk(0);                     /* terminate to flush output */
  }

  /* Almost done, store 'next' so that we can determine what part of the
   * kernel messages buffer to print next time a notification arrives.
   */
  prev_next = kmess_ptr->km_next;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              cons_putk                                    *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void cons_putk(c)
int c;                          /* character to print */
{
/* This procedure is used to print a character on the console.
 */
  if (c != 0) {
        if (c == '\n') cons_putk('\r');
        out_char(&cons_table[0], (int) c);
#if 0
        ser_putc(c);
#endif
  } else {
        flush(&cons_table[0]);
  }
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              toggle_scroll                                *
 *===========================================================================*/
void toggle_scroll()
{
/* Toggle between hardware and software scroll. */

  cons_org0();
  softscroll = !softscroll;
  printf("%sware scrolling enabled.\n", softscroll ? "Soft" : "Hard");
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              cons_stop                                    *
 *===========================================================================*/
void cons_stop()
{
/* Prepare for halt or reboot. */
  cons_org0();
  softscroll = 1;
  select_console(0);
  cons_table[0].c_attr = cons_table[0].c_blank = BLANK_COLOR;
  shutting_down = TRUE;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              cons_org0                                    *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void cons_org0()
{
/* Scroll video memory back to put the origin at 0. */
  int cons_line;
  console_t *cons;
  unsigned n;

  for (cons_line = 0; cons_line < nr_cons; cons_line++) {
        cons = &cons_table[cons_line];
        while (cons->c_org > cons->c_start) {
                n = vid_size - scr_size;        /* amount of unused memory */
                if (n > cons->c_org - cons->c_start)
                        n = cons->c_org - cons->c_start;
                vid_vid_copy(cons->c_org, cons->c_org - n, scr_size);
                UPDATE_ORIGIN(cons, cons->c_org - n);
        }
        flush(cons);
  }
  select_console(ccurrent);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              disable_console                              *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void disable_console()
{
        if (disabled_vc != -1)
                return;
        
        disabled_vc = ccurrent;
        disabled_sm = softscroll;

        cons_org0();
        softscroll = 1;
        select_console(0);

        /* Should also disable further output to virtual consoles */
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              reenable_console                             *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void reenable_console()
{
        if (disabled_vc == -1)
                return;

        softscroll = disabled_sm;
        select_console(disabled_vc);
        disabled_vc = -1;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              select_console                               *
 *===========================================================================*/
void select_console(int cons_line)
{
/* Set the current console to console number 'cons_line'. */

  if (shutting_down) return;

  if (cons_line < 0 || cons_line >= nr_cons) return;

  ccurrent = cons_line;
  curcons = &cons_table[cons_line];

  UPDATE_CURSOR(curcons, curcons->c_cur);
  UPDATE_ORIGIN(curcons, curcons->c_org);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              con_loadfont                                 *
 *===========================================================================*/
int con_loadfont(m)
message *m;
{
  
/* Load a font into the EGA or VGA adapter. */
  int result;
  static struct sequence seq1[7] = {
        { GA_SEQUENCER_INDEX, 0x00, 0x01 },
        { GA_SEQUENCER_INDEX, 0x02, 0x04 },
        { GA_SEQUENCER_INDEX, 0x04, 0x07 },
        { GA_SEQUENCER_INDEX, 0x00, 0x03 },
        { GA_GRAPHICS_INDEX, 0x04, 0x02 },
        { GA_GRAPHICS_INDEX, 0x05, 0x00 },
        { GA_GRAPHICS_INDEX, 0x06, 0x00 },
  };
  static struct sequence seq2[7] = {
        { GA_SEQUENCER_INDEX, 0x00, 0x01 },
        { GA_SEQUENCER_INDEX, 0x02, 0x03 },
        { GA_SEQUENCER_INDEX, 0x04, 0x03 },
        { GA_SEQUENCER_INDEX, 0x00, 0x03 },
        { GA_GRAPHICS_INDEX, 0x04, 0x00 },
        { GA_GRAPHICS_INDEX, 0x05, 0x10 },
        { GA_GRAPHICS_INDEX, 0x06,    0 },
  };

  seq2[6].value= color ? 0x0E : 0x0A;

  result = ga_program(seq1);    /* bring font memory into view */

  if(sys_safecopyfrom(m->m_source, (cp_grant_id_t) m->IO_GRANT, 0,
        (vir_bytes) font_memory, GA_FONT_SIZE) != OK) {
        printf("tty: copying from %d failed\n", m->m_source);
        return EFAULT;
  }

  result = ga_program(seq2);    /* restore */

  return(result);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              ga_program                                   *
 *===========================================================================*/
static int ga_program(seq)
struct sequence *seq;
{
  pvb_pair_t char_out[14];
  int i;
  for (i=0; i<7; i++) {
      pv_set(char_out[2*i], seq->index, seq->port);
      pv_set(char_out[2*i+1], seq->index+1, seq->value);
      seq++;
  } 
  return sys_voutb(char_out, 14);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              cons_ioctl                                   *
 *===========================================================================*/
static int cons_ioctl(tty_t *tp, int UNUSED(try))
{
/* Set the screen dimensions. */

  tp->tty_winsize.ws_row= scr_lines;
  tp->tty_winsize.ws_col= scr_width;
  tp->tty_winsize.ws_xpixel= scr_width * 8;
  tp->tty_winsize.ws_ypixel= scr_lines * font_lines;

  return 0;
}

#define LIMITINDEX(mask, start, size, ct) {     \
        int countlimit = size - start;          \
        start &= mask;                          \
        if(ct > countlimit) ct = countlimit;    \
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              mem_vid_copy                                 *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void mem_vid_copy(vir_bytes src, int dst_index, int count)
{
        u16_t *src_mem = (u16_t *) src;
        while(count > 0) {
                int i, subcount = count;
                u16_t *dst_mem;
                LIMITINDEX(vid_mask, dst_index, vid_size, subcount);
                dst_mem = (u16_t *) console_memory + dst_index;
                if(!src)
                        for(i = 0; i < subcount; i++)
                                *dst_mem++ = blank_color;
                else
                        for(i = 0; i < subcount; i++)
                                *dst_mem++ = *src_mem++;
                count -= subcount;
                dst_index += subcount;
        }
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              vid_vid_copy                                 *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void vid_vid_copy(int src_index, int dst_index, int count)
{
        int backwards = 0;
        if(src_index < dst_index)
                backwards = 1;
        while(count > 0) {
                int i, subcount = count;
                u16_t *dst_mem, *src_mem;
                LIMITINDEX(vid_mask, src_index, vid_size, subcount);
                LIMITINDEX(vid_mask, dst_index, vid_size, subcount);
                src_mem = (u16_t *) console_memory + src_index;
                dst_mem = (u16_t *) console_memory + dst_index;
                if(backwards) {
                        src_mem += subcount - 1;
                        dst_mem += subcount - 1;
                        for(i = 0; i < subcount; i++)
                                *dst_mem-- = *src_mem--;
                } else {
                        for(i = 0; i < subcount; i++)
                                *dst_mem++ = *src_mem++;
                }
                count -= subcount;
                dst_index += subcount;
                src_index += subcount;
        }
}