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1 /* $NetBSD: clnt_bcast.c,v 1.22 2010/03/07 23:49:14 dholland Exp $ */
3 /*
4 * Sun RPC is a product of Sun Microsystems, Inc. and is provided for
5 * unrestricted use provided that this legend is included on all tape
6 * media and as a part of the software program in whole or part. Users
7 * may copy or modify Sun RPC without charge, but are not authorized
8 * to license or distribute it to anyone else except as part of a product or
9 * program developed by the user.
11 * SUN RPC IS PROVIDED AS IS WITH NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND INCLUDING THE
12 * WARRANTIES OF DESIGN, MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
13 * PURPOSE, OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE OR TRADE PRACTICE.
15 * Sun RPC is provided with no support and without any obligation on the
16 * part of Sun Microsystems, Inc. to assist in its use, correction,
17 * modification or enhancement.
19 * SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC. SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO THE
20 * INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHTS, TRADE SECRETS OR ANY PATENTS BY SUN RPC
21 * OR ANY PART THEREOF.
23 * In no event will Sun Microsystems, Inc. be liable for any lost revenue
24 * or profits or other special, indirect and consequential damages, even if
25 * Sun has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
27 * Sun Microsystems, Inc.
28 * 2550 Garcia Avenue
29 * Mountain View, California 94043
32 * Copyright (c) 1986-1991 by Sun Microsystems Inc.
35 /* #ident "@(#)clnt_bcast.c 1.18 94/05/03 SMI" */
37 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
38 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint)
39 #if 0
40 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)clnt_bcast.c 1.15 89/04/21 Copyr 1988 Sun Micro";
41 #else
42 __RCSID("$NetBSD: clnt_bcast.c,v 1.22 2010/03/07 23:49:14 dholland Exp $");
43 #endif
44 #endif
47 * clnt_bcast.c
48 * Client interface to broadcast service.
50 * Copyright (C) 1988, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
52 * The following is kludged-up support for simple rpc broadcasts.
53 * Someday a large, complicated system will replace these routines.
56 #include "namespace.h"
57 #include <sys/types.h>
58 #include <sys/socket.h>
59 #include <sys/queue.h>
60 #include <net/if.h>
61 #include <netinet/in.h>
62 #include <ifaddrs.h>
63 #include <sys/poll.h>
64 #include <rpc/rpc.h>
65 #ifdef PORTMAP
66 #include <rpc/pmap_prot.h>
67 #include <rpc/pmap_clnt.h>
68 #include <rpc/pmap_rmt.h>
69 #endif
70 #include <rpc/nettype.h>
71 #include <arpa/inet.h>
72 #ifdef RPC_DEBUG
73 #include <stdio.h>
74 #endif
75 #include <assert.h>
76 #include <errno.h>
77 #include <stdlib.h>
78 #include <unistd.h>
79 #include <netdb.h>
80 #include <err.h>
81 #include <string.h>
83 #include "rpc_internal.h"
85 #define MAXBCAST 20 /* Max no of broadcasting transports */
86 #define INITTIME 4000 /* Time to wait initially */
87 #define WAITTIME 8000 /* Maximum time to wait */
90 * If nettype is NULL, it broadcasts on all the available
91 * datagram_n transports. May potentially lead to broadacst storms
92 * and hence should be used with caution, care and courage.
94 * The current parameter xdr packet size is limited by the max tsdu
95 * size of the transport. If the max tsdu size of any transport is
96 * smaller than the parameter xdr packet, then broadcast is not
97 * sent on that transport.
99 * Also, the packet size should be less the packet size of
100 * the data link layer (for ethernet it is 1400 bytes). There is
101 * no easy way to find out the max size of the data link layer and
102 * we are assuming that the args would be smaller than that.
104 * The result size has to be smaller than the transport tsdu size.
106 * If PORTMAP has been defined, we send two packets for UDP, one for
107 * rpcbind and one for portmap. For those machines which support
108 * both rpcbind and portmap, it will cause them to reply twice, and
109 * also here it will get two responses ... inefficient and clumsy.
112 #ifdef __weak_alias
113 __weak_alias(rpc_broadcast_exp,_rpc_broadcast_exp)
114 __weak_alias(rpc_broadcast,_rpc_broadcast)
115 #endif
117 struct broadif {
118 int index;
119 struct sockaddr_storage broadaddr;
120 TAILQ_ENTRY(broadif) link;
123 typedef TAILQ_HEAD(, broadif) broadlist_t;
125 int __rpc_getbroadifs __P((int, int, int, broadlist_t *));
126 void __rpc_freebroadifs __P((broadlist_t *));
127 int __rpc_broadenable __P((int, int, struct broadif *));
129 int __rpc_lowvers = 0;
132 __rpc_getbroadifs(int af, int proto, int socktype, broadlist_t *list)
134 int count = 0;
135 struct broadif *bip;
136 struct ifaddrs *ifap, *ifp;
137 #ifdef INET6
138 struct sockaddr_in6 *sin6;
139 #endif
140 struct sockaddr_in *gbsin;
141 struct addrinfo hints, *res;
143 _DIAGASSERT(list != NULL);
145 if (getifaddrs(&ifp) < 0)
146 return 0;
148 memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
150 hints.ai_family = af;
151 hints.ai_protocol = proto;
152 hints.ai_socktype = socktype;
154 if (getaddrinfo(NULL, "sunrpc", &hints, &res) != 0) {
155 freeifaddrs(ifp);
156 return 0;
159 for (ifap = ifp; ifap != NULL; ifap = ifap->ifa_next) {
160 if (ifap->ifa_addr->sa_family != af ||
161 !(ifap->ifa_flags & IFF_UP))
162 continue;
163 bip = malloc(sizeof(*bip));
164 if (bip == NULL)
165 break;
166 bip->index = if_nametoindex(ifap->ifa_name);
167 if (
168 #ifdef INET6
169 af != AF_INET6 &&
170 #endif
171 (ifap->ifa_flags & IFF_BROADCAST) &&
172 ifap->ifa_broadaddr) {
173 memcpy(&bip->broadaddr, ifap->ifa_broadaddr,
174 (size_t)ifap->ifa_broadaddr->sa_len);
175 gbsin = (struct sockaddr_in *)(void *)&bip->broadaddr;
176 gbsin->sin_port =
177 ((struct sockaddr_in *)
178 (void *)res->ai_addr)->sin_port;
179 } else
180 #ifdef INET6
181 if (af == AF_INET6 && (ifap->ifa_flags & IFF_MULTICAST)) {
182 sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)(void *)&bip->broadaddr;
183 inet_pton(af, RPCB_MULTICAST_ADDR, &sin6->sin6_addr);
184 sin6->sin6_family = af;
185 sin6->sin6_len = sizeof *sin6;
186 sin6->sin6_port =
187 ((struct sockaddr_in6 *)
188 (void *)res->ai_addr)->sin6_port;
189 sin6->sin6_scope_id = bip->index;
190 } else
191 #endif
193 free(bip);
194 continue;
196 TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(list, bip, link);
197 count++;
199 freeifaddrs(ifp);
200 freeaddrinfo(res);
202 return count;
205 void
206 __rpc_freebroadifs(broadlist_t *list)
208 struct broadif *bip, *next;
210 _DIAGASSERT(list != NULL);
212 bip = TAILQ_FIRST(list);
214 while (bip != NULL) {
215 next = TAILQ_NEXT(bip, link);
216 free(bip);
217 bip = next;
222 /*ARGSUSED*/
223 __rpc_broadenable(int af, int s, struct broadif *bip)
225 int o = 1;
227 #if 0
228 _DIAGASSERT(bip != NULL);
230 if (af == AF_INET6) {
231 fprintf(stderr, "set v6 multicast if to %d\n", bip->index);
232 if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_IF, &bip->index,
233 sizeof bip->index) < 0)
234 return -1;
235 } else
236 #endif
237 if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &o, sizeof o) < 0)
238 return -1;
240 return 0;
244 enum clnt_stat
245 rpc_broadcast_exp(prog, vers, proc, xargs, argsp, xresults, resultsp,
246 eachresult, inittime, waittime, nettype)
247 rpcprog_t prog; /* program number */
248 rpcvers_t vers; /* version number */
249 rpcproc_t proc; /* procedure number */
250 xdrproc_t xargs; /* xdr routine for args */
251 const char * argsp; /* pointer to args */
252 xdrproc_t xresults; /* xdr routine for results */
253 caddr_t resultsp; /* pointer to results */
254 resultproc_t eachresult; /* call with each result obtained */
255 int inittime; /* how long to wait initially */
256 int waittime; /* maximum time to wait */
257 const char *nettype; /* transport type */
259 enum clnt_stat stat = RPC_SUCCESS; /* Return status */
260 XDR xdr_stream; /* XDR stream */
261 XDR *xdrs = &xdr_stream;
262 struct rpc_msg msg; /* RPC message */
263 char *outbuf = NULL; /* Broadcast msg buffer */
264 char *inbuf = NULL; /* Reply buf */
265 ssize_t inlen;
266 u_int maxbufsize = 0;
267 AUTH *sys_auth = authunix_create_default();
268 size_t i;
269 void *handle;
270 char uaddress[1024]; /* A self imposed limit */
271 char *uaddrp = uaddress;
272 int pmap_reply_flag; /* reply recvd from PORTMAP */
273 /* An array of all the suitable broadcast transports */
274 struct {
275 int fd; /* File descriptor */
276 int af;
277 int proto;
278 struct netconfig *nconf; /* Netconfig structure */
279 u_int asize; /* Size of the addr buf */
280 u_int dsize; /* Size of the data buf */
281 struct sockaddr_storage raddr; /* Remote address */
282 broadlist_t nal;
283 } fdlist[MAXBCAST];
284 struct pollfd pfd[MAXBCAST];
285 size_t fdlistno = 0;
286 struct r_rpcb_rmtcallargs barg; /* Remote arguments */
287 struct r_rpcb_rmtcallres bres; /* Remote results */
288 size_t outlen;
289 struct netconfig *nconf;
290 int msec;
291 int pollretval;
292 int fds_found;
293 struct timespec ts;
295 #ifdef PORTMAP
296 size_t outlen_pmap = 0;
297 u_long port; /* Remote port number */
298 int pmap_flag = 0; /* UDP exists ? */
299 char *outbuf_pmap = NULL;
300 struct rmtcallargs barg_pmap; /* Remote arguments */
301 struct rmtcallres bres_pmap; /* Remote results */
302 u_int udpbufsz = 0;
303 #endif /* PORTMAP */
305 if (sys_auth == NULL) {
306 return (RPC_SYSTEMERROR);
309 * initialization: create a fd, a broadcast address, and send the
310 * request on the broadcast transport.
311 * Listen on all of them and on replies, call the user supplied
312 * function.
315 if (nettype == NULL)
316 nettype = "datagram_n";
317 if ((handle = __rpc_setconf(nettype)) == NULL) {
318 AUTH_DESTROY(sys_auth);
319 return (RPC_UNKNOWNPROTO);
321 while ((nconf = __rpc_getconf(handle)) != NULL) {
322 int fd;
323 struct __rpc_sockinfo si;
325 if (nconf->nc_semantics != NC_TPI_CLTS)
326 continue;
327 if (fdlistno >= MAXBCAST)
328 break; /* No more slots available */
329 if (!__rpc_nconf2sockinfo(nconf, &si))
330 continue;
332 TAILQ_INIT(&fdlist[fdlistno].nal);
333 if (__rpc_getbroadifs(si.si_af, si.si_proto, si.si_socktype,
334 &fdlist[fdlistno].nal) == 0)
335 continue;
337 fd = socket(si.si_af, si.si_socktype, si.si_proto);
338 if (fd < 0) {
339 stat = RPC_CANTSEND;
340 continue;
342 fdlist[fdlistno].af = si.si_af;
343 fdlist[fdlistno].proto = si.si_proto;
344 fdlist[fdlistno].fd = fd;
345 fdlist[fdlistno].nconf = nconf;
346 fdlist[fdlistno].asize = __rpc_get_a_size(si.si_af);
347 pfd[fdlistno].events = POLLIN | POLLPRI |
348 POLLRDNORM | POLLRDBAND;
349 pfd[fdlistno].fd = fdlist[fdlistno].fd = fd;
350 fdlist[fdlistno].dsize = __rpc_get_t_size(si.si_af, si.si_proto,
353 if (maxbufsize <= fdlist[fdlistno].dsize)
354 maxbufsize = fdlist[fdlistno].dsize;
356 #ifdef PORTMAP
357 if (si.si_af == AF_INET && si.si_proto == IPPROTO_UDP) {
358 udpbufsz = fdlist[fdlistno].dsize;
359 if ((outbuf_pmap = malloc(udpbufsz)) == NULL) {
360 close(fd);
361 stat = RPC_SYSTEMERROR;
362 goto done_broad;
364 pmap_flag = 1;
366 #endif
367 fdlistno++;
370 if (fdlistno == 0) {
371 if (stat == RPC_SUCCESS)
372 stat = RPC_UNKNOWNPROTO;
373 goto done_broad;
375 if (maxbufsize == 0) {
376 if (stat == RPC_SUCCESS)
377 stat = RPC_CANTSEND;
378 goto done_broad;
380 inbuf = malloc(maxbufsize);
381 outbuf = malloc(maxbufsize);
382 if ((inbuf == NULL) || (outbuf == NULL)) {
383 stat = RPC_SYSTEMERROR;
384 goto done_broad;
387 /* Serialize all the arguments which have to be sent */
388 msg.rm_xid = __RPC_GETXID();
389 msg.rm_direction = CALL;
390 msg.rm_call.cb_rpcvers = RPC_MSG_VERSION;
391 msg.rm_call.cb_prog = RPCBPROG;
392 msg.rm_call.cb_vers = RPCBVERS;
393 msg.rm_call.cb_proc = RPCBPROC_CALLIT;
394 barg.prog = prog;
395 barg.vers = vers;
396 barg.proc = proc;
397 barg.args.args_val = argsp;
398 barg.xdr_args = xargs;
399 bres.addr = uaddrp;
400 bres.results.results_val = resultsp;
401 bres.xdr_res = xresults;
402 msg.rm_call.cb_cred = sys_auth->ah_cred;
403 msg.rm_call.cb_verf = sys_auth->ah_verf;
404 xdrmem_create(xdrs, outbuf, maxbufsize, XDR_ENCODE);
405 if ((!xdr_callmsg(xdrs, &msg)) ||
406 (!xdr_rpcb_rmtcallargs(xdrs,
407 (struct rpcb_rmtcallargs *)(void *)&barg))) {
408 stat = RPC_CANTENCODEARGS;
409 goto done_broad;
411 outlen = xdr_getpos(xdrs);
412 xdr_destroy(xdrs);
414 #ifdef PORTMAP
415 /* Prepare the packet for version 2 PORTMAP */
416 if (pmap_flag) {
417 msg.rm_xid++; /* One way to distinguish */
418 msg.rm_call.cb_prog = PMAPPROG;
419 msg.rm_call.cb_vers = PMAPVERS;
420 msg.rm_call.cb_proc = PMAPPROC_CALLIT;
421 barg_pmap.prog = prog;
422 barg_pmap.vers = vers;
423 barg_pmap.proc = proc;
424 barg_pmap.args_ptr = argsp;
425 barg_pmap.xdr_args = xargs;
426 bres_pmap.port_ptr = &port;
427 bres_pmap.xdr_results = xresults;
428 bres_pmap.results_ptr = resultsp;
429 xdrmem_create(xdrs, outbuf_pmap, udpbufsz, XDR_ENCODE);
430 if ((! xdr_callmsg(xdrs, &msg)) ||
431 (! xdr_rmtcall_args(xdrs, &barg_pmap))) {
432 stat = RPC_CANTENCODEARGS;
433 goto done_broad;
435 outlen_pmap = xdr_getpos(xdrs);
436 xdr_destroy(xdrs);
438 #endif /* PORTMAP */
441 * Basic loop: broadcast the packets to transports which
442 * support data packets of size such that one can encode
443 * all the arguments.
444 * Wait a while for response(s).
445 * The response timeout grows larger per iteration.
447 for (msec = inittime; msec <= waittime; msec += msec) {
448 struct broadif *bip;
450 /* Broadcast all the packets now */
451 for (i = 0; i < fdlistno; i++) {
452 if (fdlist[i].dsize < outlen) {
453 stat = RPC_CANTSEND;
454 continue;
456 for (bip = TAILQ_FIRST(&fdlist[i].nal); bip != NULL;
457 bip = TAILQ_NEXT(bip, link)) {
458 void *addr;
460 addr = &bip->broadaddr;
462 __rpc_broadenable(fdlist[i].af, fdlist[i].fd,
463 bip);
466 * Only use version 3 if lowvers is not set
469 if (!__rpc_lowvers)
470 if ((size_t)sendto(fdlist[i].fd, outbuf,
471 outlen, 0, (struct sockaddr*)addr,
472 (size_t)fdlist[i].asize) !=
473 outlen) {
474 warn("clnt_bcast: cannot send"
475 " broadcast packet");
476 stat = RPC_CANTSEND;
477 continue;
479 #ifdef RPC_DEBUG
480 if (!__rpc_lowvers)
481 fprintf(stderr, "Broadcast packet sent "
482 "for %s\n",
483 fdlist[i].nconf->nc_netid);
484 #endif
485 #ifdef PORTMAP
487 * Send the version 2 packet also
488 * for UDP/IP
490 if (pmap_flag &&
491 fdlist[i].proto == IPPROTO_UDP) {
492 if ((size_t)sendto(fdlist[i].fd,
493 outbuf_pmap, outlen_pmap, 0, addr,
494 (size_t)fdlist[i].asize) !=
495 outlen_pmap) {
496 warnx("clnt_bcast: "
497 "Cannot send "
498 "broadcast packet");
499 stat = RPC_CANTSEND;
500 continue;
503 #ifdef RPC_DEBUG
504 fprintf(stderr, "PMAP Broadcast packet "
505 "sent for %s\n",
506 fdlist[i].nconf->nc_netid);
507 #endif
508 #endif /* PORTMAP */
510 /* End for sending all packets on this transport */
511 } /* End for sending on all transports */
513 if (eachresult == NULL) {
514 stat = RPC_SUCCESS;
515 goto done_broad;
519 * Get all the replies from these broadcast requests
521 recv_again:
522 ts.tv_sec = msec / 1000;
523 ts.tv_nsec = (msec % 1000) * 1000000;
525 switch (pollretval = pollts(pfd, fdlistno, &ts, NULL)) {
526 case 0: /* timed out */
527 stat = RPC_TIMEDOUT;
528 continue;
529 case -1: /* some kind of error - we ignore it */
530 goto recv_again;
531 } /* end of poll results switch */
533 for (i = fds_found = 0;
534 i < fdlistno && fds_found < pollretval; i++) {
535 bool_t done = FALSE;
537 if (pfd[i].revents == 0)
538 continue;
539 else if (pfd[i].revents & POLLNVAL) {
541 * Something bad has happened to this descri-
542 * ptor. We can cause pollts() to ignore
543 * it simply by using a negative fd. We do that
544 * rather than compacting the pfd[] and fdlist[]
545 * arrays.
547 pfd[i].fd = -1;
548 fds_found++;
549 continue;
550 } else
551 fds_found++;
552 #ifdef RPC_DEBUG
553 fprintf(stderr, "response for %s\n",
554 fdlist[i].nconf->nc_netid);
555 #endif
556 try_again:
557 inlen = recvfrom(fdlist[i].fd, inbuf, fdlist[i].dsize,
558 0, (struct sockaddr *)(void *)&fdlist[i].raddr,
559 &fdlist[i].asize);
560 if (inlen < 0) {
561 if (errno == EINTR)
562 goto try_again;
563 warnx("clnt_bcast: Cannot receive reply to "
564 "broadcast");
565 stat = RPC_CANTRECV;
566 continue;
568 if (inlen < (ssize_t)sizeof(u_int32_t))
569 continue; /* Drop that and go ahead */
571 * see if reply transaction id matches sent id.
572 * If so, decode the results. If return id is xid + 1
573 * it was a PORTMAP reply
575 if (*((u_int32_t *)(void *)(inbuf)) ==
576 *((u_int32_t *)(void *)(outbuf))) {
577 pmap_reply_flag = 0;
578 msg.acpted_rply.ar_verf = _null_auth;
579 msg.acpted_rply.ar_results.where =
580 (caddr_t)(void *)&bres;
581 msg.acpted_rply.ar_results.proc =
582 (xdrproc_t)xdr_rpcb_rmtcallres;
583 #ifdef PORTMAP
584 } else if (pmap_flag &&
585 *((u_int32_t *)(void *)(inbuf)) ==
586 *((u_int32_t *)(void *)(outbuf_pmap))) {
587 pmap_reply_flag = 1;
588 msg.acpted_rply.ar_verf = _null_auth;
589 msg.acpted_rply.ar_results.where =
590 (caddr_t)(void *)&bres_pmap;
591 msg.acpted_rply.ar_results.proc =
592 (xdrproc_t)xdr_rmtcallres;
593 #endif /* PORTMAP */
594 } else
595 continue;
596 xdrmem_create(xdrs, inbuf, (u_int)inlen, XDR_DECODE);
597 if (xdr_replymsg(xdrs, &msg)) {
598 if ((msg.rm_reply.rp_stat == MSG_ACCEPTED) &&
599 (msg.acpted_rply.ar_stat == SUCCESS)) {
600 struct netbuf taddr, *np;
601 struct sockaddr_in *bsin;
603 #ifdef PORTMAP
604 if (pmap_flag && pmap_reply_flag) {
605 bsin = (struct sockaddr_in *)
606 (void *)&fdlist[i].raddr;
607 bsin->sin_port =
608 htons((u_short)port);
609 taddr.len = taddr.maxlen =
610 fdlist[i].raddr.ss_len;
611 taddr.buf = &fdlist[i].raddr;
612 done = (*eachresult)(resultsp,
613 &taddr, fdlist[i].nconf);
614 } else {
615 #endif
616 #ifdef RPC_DEBUG
617 fprintf(stderr, "uaddr %s\n",
618 uaddrp);
619 #endif
620 np = uaddr2taddr(
621 fdlist[i].nconf, uaddrp);
622 done = (*eachresult)(resultsp,
623 np, fdlist[i].nconf);
624 free(np);
625 #ifdef PORTMAP
627 #endif
629 /* otherwise, we just ignore the errors ... */
631 /* else some kind of deserialization problem ... */
633 xdrs->x_op = XDR_FREE;
634 msg.acpted_rply.ar_results.proc = (xdrproc_t) xdr_void;
635 (void) xdr_replymsg(xdrs, &msg);
636 (void) (*xresults)(xdrs, resultsp);
637 XDR_DESTROY(xdrs);
638 if (done) {
639 stat = RPC_SUCCESS;
640 goto done_broad;
641 } else {
642 goto recv_again;
644 } /* The recv for loop */
645 } /* The giant for loop */
647 done_broad:
648 if (inbuf)
649 (void) free(inbuf);
650 if (outbuf)
651 (void) free(outbuf);
652 #ifdef PORTMAP
653 if (outbuf_pmap)
654 (void) free(outbuf_pmap);
655 #endif
656 for (i = 0; i < fdlistno; i++) {
657 (void) close(fdlist[i].fd);
658 __rpc_freebroadifs(&fdlist[i].nal);
660 AUTH_DESTROY(sys_auth);
661 (void) __rpc_endconf(handle);
663 return (stat);
667 enum clnt_stat
668 rpc_broadcast(prog, vers, proc, xargs, argsp, xresults, resultsp,
669 eachresult, nettype)
670 rpcprog_t prog; /* program number */
671 rpcvers_t vers; /* version number */
672 rpcproc_t proc; /* procedure number */
673 xdrproc_t xargs; /* xdr routine for args */
674 const char * argsp; /* pointer to args */
675 xdrproc_t xresults; /* xdr routine for results */
676 caddr_t resultsp; /* pointer to results */
677 resultproc_t eachresult; /* call with each result obtained */
678 const char *nettype; /* transport type */
680 enum clnt_stat dummy;
682 dummy = rpc_broadcast_exp(prog, vers, proc, xargs, argsp,
683 xresults, resultsp, eachresult,
684 INITTIME, WAITTIME, nettype);
685 return (dummy);