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1 # <pre>
2 # @(#)antarctica 8.9
3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
6 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
7 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
8 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
9 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
10 # </a>
11 # and
12 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
13 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
14 # </a>
15 # for information.
16 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
17 #
18 # Except for the French entries,
19 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
20 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
22 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
23 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
24 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
25 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
26 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
27 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
28 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
29 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
30 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
31 Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
32 Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
33 Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
34 Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
35 Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
36 Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
37 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
38 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
39 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
40 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
41 Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
42 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
43 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
44 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
45 Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
46 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
48 # These rules are stolen from the `australasia' file.
49 Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
50 Rule AusAQ 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
51 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
52 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
53 Rule AusAQ 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
54 Rule AusAQ 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
55 Rule AusAQ 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
56 Rule ATAQ 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
57 Rule ATAQ 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
58 Rule ATAQ 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
59 Rule ATAQ 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
60 Rule ATAQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
61 Rule ATAQ 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
62 Rule ATAQ 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
63 Rule ATAQ 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
64 Rule ATAQ 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
65 Rule ATAQ 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
66 Rule ATAQ 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
67 Rule ATAQ 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
68 Rule ATAQ 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
69 Rule ATAQ 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
70 Rule ATAQ 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
71 Rule ATAQ 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
72 Rule ATAQ 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule ATAQ 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
74 Rule ATAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
76 # Argentina - year-round bases
77 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
78 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
79 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
80 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
81 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
82 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
83 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
85 # Australia - territories
86 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
87 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
88 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
89 # Margaret Turner reports
90 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
91 # presumably this is when they have visitors.
92 #
93 # year-round bases
94 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
95 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
96 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
97 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
99 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
100 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
101 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
102 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
103 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
104 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
105 #
106 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
107 # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">
108 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
109 # </a>
110 #
111 # We have more background information here:
112 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">
113 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
114 # </a>
116 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
117 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
118 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
119 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
120 # on 4 April.
121 #
122 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
123 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
124 # has not been decided yet.
125 #
126 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
127 # 20:00 UTC.
128 #
129 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
130 #
131 # In addition to the Rule changes for Casey/Davis, it means that Macquarie
132 # will no longer be like Hobart and will have to have its own Zone created.
133 #
134 # Background:
135 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html">
136 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
137 # </a>
139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
140 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
141 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
142 # Western (Aus) Standard Time
143 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00
144 # Casey Time
145 8:00 - WST
146 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
147 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
148 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
149 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
150 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u
151 7:00 - DAVT
152 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
153 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
154 # Mawson Time
155 5:00 - MAWT
156 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1911
157 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
158 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
159 10:00 AusAQ EST 1967
160 10:00 ATAQ EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
161 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie Island Time
162 # References:
163 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
164 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
165 # </a>
166 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
167 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
168 # </a>
169 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
170 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
171 # </a>
173 # Brazil - year-round base
174 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
176 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
177 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
178 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
179 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
180 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
181 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
182 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
184 # China - year-round bases
185 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
186 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
188 # France - year-round bases
189 #
190 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
191 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
192 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
193 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
194 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
195 # from Tasmania.
196 #
197 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
198 #
199 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
200 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
201 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
202 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
203 #
204 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
205 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
206 #
207 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
208 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
209 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
210 #
211 # year-round base in the main continent
212 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
213 #
214 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
215 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
216 #
217 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
218 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
219 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
220 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
221 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
222 # Reference:
223 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
224 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
225 # </a>
227 # Germany - year-round base
228 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
230 # India - year-round base
231 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
233 # Japan - year-round bases
234 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
235 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
236 #
237 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
238 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
239 #
240 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
241 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
242 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
243 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
244 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
245 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
246 # See:
247 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
248 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
249 # </a>
251 # S Korea - year-round base
252 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
254 # New Zealand - claims
255 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
256 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
257 #
258 # year-round base
259 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
260 #
261 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
262 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
263 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
264 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
265 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
266 Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
267 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
268 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
269 Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
270 Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
271 Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
273 # Norway - territories
274 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
275 #
276 # claims
277 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
279 # Poland - year-round base
280 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
282 # Russia - year-round bases
283 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
284 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
285 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
286 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
287 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
288 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
290 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
291 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
292 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
293 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
294 # time as Moscow, Russia.
295 #
296 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
297 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
298 # what they had to say about time there:
299 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
300 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
301 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
302 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
303 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
304 #
305 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
306 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
307 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
308 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
309 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
310 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
311 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
312 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
313 #
314 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
315 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
317 # S Africa - year-round bases
318 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
319 # Sanae, -7141-00250
321 # UK
322 #
323 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
324 # South Orkney Islands
325 # scientific station from 1903
326 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
327 # South Shetland Islands
328 #
329 # year-round bases
330 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
331 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
332 # scientific station 1943/1967,
333 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
334 # and a garrison was deployed briefly
335 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
336 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
337 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
338 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
339 #
340 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
341 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
342 #
343 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
344 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
345 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
347 # Uruguay - year round base
348 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
350 # USA - year-round bases
351 #
352 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
353 #
354 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
355 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
356 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
357 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
358 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
359 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
360 #
361 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
362 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
363 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
364 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
365 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
366 #
367 #
368 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
369 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
370 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
371 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
372 #
373 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
374 #
375 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
376 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
377 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
378 #
379 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
380 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
381 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
382 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
383 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
384 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
385 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
386 #
387 # From Susan Smith
388 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
389 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
390 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
391 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
392 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
393 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
394 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
395 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
396 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
397 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
398 #
399 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole