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30 .\" @(#)chmod.2 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
39 .Nd change mode of file
45 .Fn chmod "const char *path" "mode_t mode"
47 .Fn lchmod "const char *path" "mode_t mode"
49 .Fn fchmod "int fd" "mode_t mode"
53 sets the file permission bits
55 specified by the pathname
60 sets the permission bits of the specified
66 except in the case where the named file is a symbolic link,
69 sets the permission bits of the link,
72 sets the bits of the file the link references.
74 verifies that the process owner (user) either owns
81 A mode is created from
86 .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
87 #define S_IRWXU 0000700 /* RWX mask for owner */
88 #define S_IRUSR 0000400 /* R for owner */
89 #define S_IWUSR 0000200 /* W for owner */
90 #define S_IXUSR 0000100 /* X for owner */
92 #define S_IRWXG 0000070 /* RWX mask for group */
93 #define S_IRGRP 0000040 /* R for group */
94 #define S_IWGRP 0000020 /* W for group */
95 #define S_IXGRP 0000010 /* X for group */
97 #define S_IRWXO 0000007 /* RWX mask for other */
98 #define S_IROTH 0000004 /* R for other */
99 #define S_IWOTH 0000002 /* W for other */
100 #define S_IXOTH 0000001 /* X for other */
102 #define S_ISUID 0004000 /* set user id on execution */
103 #define S_ISGID 0002000 /* set group id on execution */
104 #define S_ISVTX 0001000 /* sticky bit */
111 can be set on regular files, but has no effect.
112 For historical reasons this can be done only by the super-user.
118 is set on a directory,
119 an unprivileged user may not delete or rename
120 files of other users in that directory.
121 The sticky bit may be set by any user on a directory which the user
122 owns or has appropriate permissions.
124 For more information about the history and properties of the sticky bit, see
127 Changing the owner of a file
128 turns off the set-user-id and set-group-id bits;
130 turns off the set-user-id and set-group-id bits
131 unless the user is the super-user.
132 This makes the system somewhat more secure
133 by protecting set-user-id (set-group-id) files
134 from remaining set-user-id (set-group-id) if they are modified,
135 at the expense of a degree of compatibility.
137 Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.
138 Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and
140 is set to indicate the error.
145 will fail and the file mode will be unchanged if:
148 Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
151 points outside the process's allocated address space.
153 The effective user ID is not the super-user, the
155 includes the sticky bit
159 does not refer to a directory.
161 An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
163 Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
164 .It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
165 A component of a pathname exceeded
167 characters, or an entire path name exceeded
171 The named file does not exist.
173 A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
175 The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file and
176 the effective user ID is not the super-user; or
177 the mode includes the setgid bit
179 but the file's group is neither the effective group ID nor is it in the
182 The named file resides on a read-only file system.
189 The descriptor is not valid.
191 The effective user ID is not the super-user, the
193 includes the sticky bit
197 does not refer to a directory.
200 refers to a socket, not to a file.
202 An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
204 The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file and
205 the effective user ID is not the super-user; or
206 the mode includes the setgid bit
208 but the file's group is neither the effective group ID nor is it in the
211 The file resides on a read-only file system.
236 function call appeared in