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30 .\" @(#)flock.2 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
37 .Nd "apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file"
42 .Fd #define LOCK_SH 1 /* shared lock */
43 .Fd #define LOCK_EX 2 /* exclusive lock */
44 .Fd #define LOCK_NB 4 /* don't block when locking */
45 .Fd #define LOCK_UN 8 /* unlock */
47 .Fn flock "int fd" "int operation"
52 lock on the file associated with the file descriptor
54 A lock is applied by specifying an
56 parameter that is one of
60 with the optional addition of
68 Advisory locks allow cooperating processes to perform
69 consistent operations on files, but do not guarantee
70 consistency (i.e., processes may still access files
71 without using advisory locks possibly resulting in
74 The locking mechanism allows two types of locks:
79 At any time multiple shared locks may be applied to a file,
80 but at no time are multiple exclusive, or both shared and exclusive,
81 locks allowed simultaneously on a file.
85 to an exclusive lock, and vice versa, simply by specifying
86 the appropriate lock type; this results in the previous
87 lock being released and the new lock applied (possibly
88 after other processes have gained and released the lock).
90 Requesting a lock on an object that is already locked
91 normally causes the caller to be blocked until the lock may be
97 then this will not happen; instead the call will fail and
102 Locks are on files, not file descriptors.
103 That is, file descriptors duplicated through
107 do not result in multiple instances of a lock, but rather multiple
108 references to a single lock.
109 If a process holding a lock on a file
110 forks and the child explicitly unlocks the file, the parent will
113 Processes blocked awaiting a lock may be awakened by signals.
115 Zero is returned if the operation was successful;
116 on an error a \-1 is returned and an error code is left in
125 The file is locked and the
127 option was specified.
131 is an invalid descriptor.
135 does not include exactly one of
143 refers to an object other than a file.
156 function call appeared in