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1 # @(#)asia 8.69
2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
9 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
10 #
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 #
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 #
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 #
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 #
28 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
29 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
30 #
31 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
32 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
33 # Corrections are welcome!
34 # std dst
35 # LMT Local Mean Time
36 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
37 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel
38 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
39 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
40 # 4:00 GST Gulf*
41 # 5:30 IST India
42 # 7:00 ICT Indochina*
43 # 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
44 # 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
45 # 8:00 CST China
46 # 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
47 # 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
48 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan
49 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea
50 # 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
51 #
52 # See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
54 # From Guy Harris:
55 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
56 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
57 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
58 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
60 ###############################################################################
62 # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
63 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
65 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
67 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
68 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
69 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
70 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
71 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
72 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
73 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
74 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
75 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
76 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
80 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
81 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
82 # follow Russia's "old" rules.
84 # Afghanistan
85 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
86 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
87 4:00 - AFT 1945
88 4:30 - AFT
90 # Armenia
91 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
92 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
93 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
94 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
95 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
96 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
97 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
98 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
99 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
100 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
101 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
102 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
103 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
104 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
105 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
106 4:00 - AMT 1997
107 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
109 # Azerbaijan
110 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
111 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
112 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
113 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
114 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
115 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
116 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
117 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
118 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
119 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
120 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
121 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
122 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
123 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
124 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
126 # Bahrain
127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
128 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
129 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
130 3:00 - AST
132 # Bangladesh
133 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
134 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
135 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
136 #
137 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
138 # <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
139 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
140 # </a>
141 # or
142 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
143 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
144 # </a>
145 #
146 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
147 # June
148 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
149 # crippling power crisis. "
150 #
151 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
152 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
154 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
155 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
156 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
157 #
158 # Some sources:
159 # <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
160 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
161 # </a>
162 # <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
163 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
164 # </a>
165 #
166 # Our wrap-up:
167 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
168 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
169 # </a>
171 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
172 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
173 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
174 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
175 #
176 # No DST end date has been announced yet.
178 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
179 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
180 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
181 #
182 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
183 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
184 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
185 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
186 # </a>
187 # or
188 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
189 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
190 # </a>
192 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
193 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
194 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
195 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
196 # "continue for an indefinite period."
197 #
198 # One of many places where it is published:
199 # <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
200 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
201 # </a>
203 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
204 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
205 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
206 #
207 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
208 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
209 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
210 # </a>
211 # and
212 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
213 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
214 # </a>
215 #
216 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
217 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
218 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
219 # Minister's Office last night..."
221 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
222 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
223 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
224 # <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
225 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
226 # </a>
227 # or
228 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
229 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
230 # </a>
232 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
233 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
234 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
236 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
237 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
238 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
239 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
240 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
241 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
242 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
243 6:00 - BDT 2009
244 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
246 # Bhutan
247 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
248 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
249 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
250 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
252 # British Indian Ocean Territory
253 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
254 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
255 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
256 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
257 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
260 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
261 6:00 - IOT
263 # Brunei
264 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
265 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
266 7:30 - BNT 1933
267 8:00 - BNT
269 # Burma / Myanmar
270 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
271 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
272 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
273 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
274 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
275 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
277 # Cambodia
278 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
279 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
280 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
281 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
282 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
283 7:00 - ICT
285 # China
287 # From Guy Harris:
288 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
290 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
291 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
292 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
293 # Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
294 # has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
295 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
296 #
297 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
298 # painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
299 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
300 #
301 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
302 # 1987 mid-April - ??
304 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
305 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
306 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
308 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
309 # Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
310 # has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
311 # from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
312 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
313 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
314 # pre-1980 time zones.
316 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
317 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
318 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
319 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
320 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
321 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
322 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
323 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
325 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
326 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
327 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
328 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
329 #
330 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
331 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
332 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
333 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
334 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
335 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
336 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
337 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
338 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
339 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
341 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
342 # I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
343 # about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
344 # talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
345 # Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
346 # time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
347 # article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
348 # observing daylight saving time in 1986.
349 #
350 # From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
351 # I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
352 # separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
353 # implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
354 # Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
355 # "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
356 # ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
357 #
358 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
359 # There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
360 # rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
361 # reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
362 # Shanks & Pottenger.
364 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
365 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
366 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
367 Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
368 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
369 8:00 - CST 1940
370 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
371 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
372 8:00 PRC C%sT
373 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
374 # most of China
375 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
376 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
377 8:00 PRC C%sT
378 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
379 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
380 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
381 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
382 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
383 Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
384 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
385 8:00 PRC C%sT
386 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
387 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
388 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
389 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
390 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
391 # east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
392 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
393 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
394 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
395 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
396 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
397 8:00 PRC C%sT
398 # Kunlun Time
399 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
400 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
401 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
402 # and Yarkand.
404 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
405 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
406 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
407 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
408 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
409 # they implicitly use Beijing time.
410 #
411 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
412 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
413 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
414 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
415 # local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
416 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
417 # "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
418 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
419 #
420 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
421 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
422 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
423 #
424 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
425 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
426 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
427 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
428 # others moving their clocks ahead.)
429 #
430 # ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
431 #
432 # The first few lines of the Google translation of
433 # <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
434 # http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
435 # </a>
436 # (retrieved 2009-10-13)
437 # > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
438 # > 500 million yuan
439 # >
440 # > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
441 # > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
442 # > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
443 # > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
445 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
446 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
447 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
448 #
449 # 1. Wulumuqi...
450 # 2. Kashi...
451 # 3. Urumqi...
452 # 4. Kashgar...
453 # ...
454 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
455 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
456 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
457 #
458 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
459 # start date for Xinjiang time.
460 #
461 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
462 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
463 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
464 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
466 Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
467 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
468 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
469 8:00 PRC C%sT
472 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
473 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
474 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
475 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
476 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
477 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
478 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
479 # obtained from
480 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
481 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
482 # </a>.
484 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
485 # Here are the dates given at
486 # <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
487 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
488 # </a>
489 # as of 2009-10-28:
490 # Year Period
491 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
492 # 1942 Whole year
493 # 1943 Whole year
494 # 1944 Whole year
495 # 1945 Whole year
496 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
497 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
498 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
499 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
500 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
501 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
502 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
503 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
504 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
505 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
506 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
507 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
508 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
509 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
510 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
511 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
512 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
513 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
514 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
515 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
516 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
517 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
518 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
519 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
520 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
521 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
522 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
523 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
524 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
525 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
526 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
527 # 1977 Nil
528 # 1978 Nil
529 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
530 # 1980 to Now Nil
531 # The page does not give start or end times of day.
532 # The page does not give a start date for 1942.
533 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
534 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
535 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
536 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
538 # Hong Kong (Xianggang)
539 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
540 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
541 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
542 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
543 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
544 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
545 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
546 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
547 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
548 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
549 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
550 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
551 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
552 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
553 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
554 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
555 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
556 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
557 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
558 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
559 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
560 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
561 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
562 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
563 8:00 HK HK%sT
565 ###############################################################################
567 # Taiwan
569 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
570 # was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
571 # have any other information.
573 # From smallufo (2010-04-03):
574 # According to Taiwan's CWB,
575 # <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
576 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
577 # </a>
578 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
580 # From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
581 # Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
582 # Decade Name Start and end date
583 # Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
584 # 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
585 # Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
586 # In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
587 # Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
588 # Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
589 # Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
590 # Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
591 # Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
592 # Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
593 # Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
595 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
596 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
597 Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
598 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
599 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
600 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
601 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
602 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
603 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
604 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
605 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
606 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
608 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
609 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
610 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
612 # Macau (Macao, Aomen)
613 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
614 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
615 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
616 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
617 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
618 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
619 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
620 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
621 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
622 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
623 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
624 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
625 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
626 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
627 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
628 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
629 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
630 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
631 8:00 PRC C%sT
634 ###############################################################################
636 # Cyprus
637 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
638 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
639 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
640 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
641 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
642 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
643 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
644 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
645 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
646 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
647 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
648 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
649 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
650 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
651 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
653 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
654 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
655 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
657 # Georgia
658 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
659 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
660 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
661 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
662 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
663 #
664 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
665 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
666 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
667 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
668 #
669 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
670 #
671 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
672 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
673 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
674 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
675 # Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
676 # of integration into Europe.
678 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
679 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
680 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
681 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
682 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
683 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
684 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
685 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
686 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
689 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
690 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
691 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
692 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
693 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
694 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
695 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
696 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
697 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
698 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
699 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
700 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
701 4:00 - GET
703 # East Timor
705 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
707 # From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
708 # <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
709 # East Timor may be late for its millennium
710 # </a> (1999-12-26/31):
711 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
712 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
713 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
714 # conflicts with their way of life.
716 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
717 # We don't have any record of the above attempt.
718 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
720 # <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
721 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
722 # (2000-08-16)</a>:
723 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
724 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
725 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
726 # midnight on Saturday, September 16.
728 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
729 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
730 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
731 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
732 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
733 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
734 9:00 - TLT
736 # India
737 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
738 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
739 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
740 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
741 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
742 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
743 5:30 - IST
744 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
745 # Andaman Is
746 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
747 # Nicobar Is
749 # Indonesia
750 #
751 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
752 # <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
753 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
754 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
755 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
756 #
757 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
758 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
759 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
760 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
761 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
762 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
763 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
764 # Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
765 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
766 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
767 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
768 # switched on 1945-09-23.
769 #
770 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
771 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
772 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
773 # but this must be a typo.
774 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
775 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
776 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
777 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
778 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
779 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
780 7:30 - WIT 1964
781 7:00 - WIT
782 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
783 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
784 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
785 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
786 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
787 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
788 7:30 - WIT 1964
789 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
790 7:00 - WIT
791 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
792 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
793 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
794 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
795 8:00 - CIT
796 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
797 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
798 9:30 - CST 1964
799 9:00 - EIT
801 # Iran
803 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
804 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
805 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
806 #
807 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
808 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
809 #
810 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
811 #
812 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
813 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
814 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
815 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
816 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
817 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
818 #
819 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
820 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
821 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
822 # Shahrivar.
823 #
824 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
825 #
826 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
827 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
828 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
829 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
830 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
831 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
832 #
833 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
834 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
835 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
836 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
837 # plan to change that law....
838 #
839 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
840 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
841 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
842 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
843 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
844 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
845 #
846 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
847 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
848 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
849 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
850 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
851 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
852 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
853 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
854 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
855 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
856 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
857 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
858 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
859 #
860 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
861 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
862 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
863 #
864 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
865 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
866 # daylight saving time ...
867 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
868 #
869 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
870 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
871 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
872 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
873 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
874 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
875 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
876 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
877 #
878 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
879 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
880 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
881 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
882 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
883 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
884 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
885 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
886 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
887 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
888 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
889 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
890 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
891 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
892 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
893 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
894 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
895 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
896 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
897 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
898 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
899 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
900 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
901 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
902 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
903 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
904 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
905 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
906 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
907 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
908 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
909 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
910 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
911 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
912 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
913 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
914 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
915 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
916 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
917 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
918 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
919 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
920 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
921 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
922 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
923 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
924 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
925 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
926 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
927 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
928 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
929 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
930 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
931 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
932 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
933 3:30 Iran IR%sT
936 # Iraq
937 #
938 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
939 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
940 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
941 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
942 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
943 #
944 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
945 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
946 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
947 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
948 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
949 #
950 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
952 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
953 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
954 # news sources (in Arabic):
955 # <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
956 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
957 # </a>
958 # <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
959 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
960 # </a>
961 #
962 # We have published a short article in English about the change:
963 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
964 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
965 # </a>
967 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
968 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
969 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
970 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
971 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
972 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
973 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
974 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
975 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
976 #
977 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
978 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
979 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
980 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
981 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
982 3:00 - AST 1982 May
983 3:00 Iraq A%sT
986 ###############################################################################
988 # Israel
990 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
991 #
992 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
993 # different abbreviations in use:
994 #
995 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
996 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
997 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
998 #
999 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1000 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1001 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1002 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1003 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1004 # settings in Israeli computers.
1005 #
1006 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1007 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1008 # family is from India).
1010 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1011 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1012 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1013 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1014 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1015 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1016 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1017 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1018 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1019 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1020 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1021 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1022 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1023 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1024 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1025 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1026 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1027 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1028 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1029 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1030 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1031 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1032 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1033 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1034 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1035 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1036 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1037 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1038 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1039 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1040 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1041 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1042 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1043 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1044 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1045 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1046 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1047 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1048 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1049 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1050 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
1051 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1053 # From Ephraim Silverberg
1054 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1055 # and 2005-02-17):
1057 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1058 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1059 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1060 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1061 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1062 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1063 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1064 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1065 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1066 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1067 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1068 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1069 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1070 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1071 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1072 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1073 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1074 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1075 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1076 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1077 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1078 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1080 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1081 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1082 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1083 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1084 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1085 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1086 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1087 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1088 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1089 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1090 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1092 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1093 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1094 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1096 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1097 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1098 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1099 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1100 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1102 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1103 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1104 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1105 #
1106 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1107 #
1108 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1109 #
1110 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1111 #
1112 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1113 #
1114 # where YYYY is the relevant year.
1116 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1117 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1118 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1119 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1120 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1121 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1122 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1123 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1124 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1126 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1127 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1128 # years 2001-2004 as well.
1129 #
1130 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1131 #
1132 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1133 #
1134 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1135 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1136 #
1137 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1139 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1140 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1141 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1142 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1143 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1144 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1145 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1146 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1147 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1148 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1149 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1151 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1152 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1153 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1154 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1155 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1156 #
1157 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1158 #
1159 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1161 # From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
1162 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1163 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1164 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1165 # to generate the transitions in this list.
1166 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1167 # The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
1168 #
1169 # Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1170 #
1171 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1172 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1173 # springtime transitions explicitly.
1175 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1176 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1177 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1178 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1179 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1180 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1181 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1182 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1183 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1184 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1185 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1186 Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1187 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1188 Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
1189 Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1190 Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1191 Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1192 Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1193 Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1194 Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1195 Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1196 Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1197 Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1198 Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1199 Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1200 Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1201 Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1202 Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1203 Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1204 Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1205 Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1206 Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
1207 Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1208 Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1209 Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1210 Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
1211 Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1212 Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1213 Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1214 Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1215 Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1216 Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
1217 Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1218 Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
1220 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1221 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1222 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1223 2:00 Zion I%sT
1227 ###############################################################################
1229 # Japan
1231 # `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1233 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1234 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1235 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1236 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1238 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1239 # <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1240 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1241 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1242 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1243 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1244 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1245 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1246 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1247 # wanted to keep it.)
1249 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1250 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1251 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1252 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1253 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1254 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1255 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1256 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1257 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1258 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1259 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1261 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1262 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1263 # Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1264 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1265 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1266 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1267 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1269 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1270 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1271 # which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1272 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1273 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1274 # time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1275 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1276 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1277 # standard....
1278 #
1279 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1280 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1282 # Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1283 # places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1284 # ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1286 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1287 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1288 9:00 - JST 1896
1289 9:00 - CJT 1938
1290 9:00 Japan J%sT
1291 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1293 # Jordan
1294 #
1295 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1296 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1297 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1298 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1299 # all year round.
1300 #
1301 # From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1302 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1303 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1304 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1305 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1306 # government's departments from six to seven hours.
1307 #
1308 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1309 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1310 #
1311 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1312 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1313 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1314 #
1315 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1316 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1317 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1318 #
1320 # From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1321 # ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1322 # Jordan.
1323 # The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1324 # saving
1325 # time on the last Thursday in March.
1326 #
1327 # Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1328 #
1329 # However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1330 # going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1331 # Please see
1332 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1333 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1334 # </a>
1336 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1337 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1338 # <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1339 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1340 # </a>
1341 #
1342 # Google's translation:
1343 #
1344 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1345 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1346 # > of the month of March of each year.
1347 #
1348 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1350 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1351 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1353 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1354 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1355 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1356 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1357 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1358 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1359 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1360 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1361 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1362 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1363 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1364 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1365 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1366 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1367 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1368 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1369 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1370 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1371 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1372 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1373 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1374 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1375 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1376 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1377 Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1378 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1379 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1380 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1381 Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1382 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1383 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1384 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1387 # Kazakhstan
1389 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1390 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1391 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1392 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1393 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1394 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1396 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1397 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1398 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1399 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1400 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1401 #
1402 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1403 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1404 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1406 # <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1407 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1408 # </a>
1409 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1410 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1411 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1412 #
1413 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1414 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1415 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1416 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1417 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1418 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1419 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1420 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1421 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1423 #
1424 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1425 #
1426 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1427 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1428 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1429 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1430 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1431 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1432 6:00 - ALMT
1433 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1434 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1435 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1436 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1437 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1438 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1439 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1440 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1441 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1442 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1443 6:00 - QYZT
1444 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1445 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1446 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1447 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1448 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1449 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1450 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1451 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1452 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1453 5:00 - AQTT
1454 # Mangghystau
1455 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1456 # so include time stamps before 1963.
1457 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1458 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1459 5:00 - FORT 1963
1460 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1461 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1462 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1463 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1464 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1465 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1466 5:00 - AQTT
1467 # West Kazakhstan
1468 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1469 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1470 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1471 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1472 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1473 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1474 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1475 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1476 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1477 5:00 - ORAT
1479 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1480 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1482 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1483 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1484 # <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1485 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1486 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1487 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1488 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1489 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1491 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1492 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1493 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1494 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1495 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1496 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1497 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1498 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1499 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1500 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1501 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1502 6:00 - KGT
1504 ###############################################################################
1506 # Korea (North and South)
1508 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1509 # <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1510 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1511 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1512 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1513 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1515 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
1516 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1517 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1518 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1519 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1520 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1522 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1523 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1524 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1525 9:00 - KST 1928
1526 8:30 - KST 1932
1527 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1528 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1529 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1530 9:00 ROK K%sT
1531 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1532 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1533 9:00 - KST 1928
1534 8:30 - KST 1932
1535 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1536 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1537 9:00 - KST
1539 ###############################################################################
1541 # Kuwait
1542 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1543 # From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1544 # The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1545 # by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1546 # Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1547 # <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1548 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1549 # We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1550 # so for now we assume no DST.
1551 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1552 3:00 - AST
1554 # Laos
1555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1556 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1557 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1558 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1559 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1560 7:00 - ICT
1562 # Lebanon
1563 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1564 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1565 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1566 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1567 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1568 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1569 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1570 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1571 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1572 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1573 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1574 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1575 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1576 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1577 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1578 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1579 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1580 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1581 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1582 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1583 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1584 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1585 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1586 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1587 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1588 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1589 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1590 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1592 # Malaysia
1593 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1594 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1595 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1596 #
1597 # peninsular Malaysia
1598 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1599 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1600 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1601 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1602 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1603 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1604 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1605 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1606 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1607 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1608 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1609 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1610 # Sabah & Sarawak
1611 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1612 # The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1613 # transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1614 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1615 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1616 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1617 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1618 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1619 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1620 8:00 - MYT
1622 # Maldives
1623 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1624 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1625 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1626 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1628 # Mongolia
1630 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1631 # usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1632 # both say that it has just one.
1634 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1635 # <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1636 # General Information Mongolia
1637 # </a> (1999-09)
1638 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1639 # Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1640 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1641 # eight hours."
1643 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1644 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1645 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1646 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1647 # of implementation may have been different....
1648 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1649 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1650 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1652 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1653 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1654 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1655 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1656 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1657 # is good enough for our purposes.
1659 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1660 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1661 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1662 # there are three time zones.
1663 #
1664 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1665 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1666 # Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1667 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1668 #
1669 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1671 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1672 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1673 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1674 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1675 #
1676 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1677 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1678 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1680 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1681 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1682 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1683 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1684 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1685 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1686 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1687 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1688 # He also found
1689 # <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1690 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1691 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1692 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1693 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1694 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1695 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1696 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1698 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1699 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1700 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1701 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1703 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1704 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1705 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1706 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1707 # database on this, e.g.:
1708 #
1709 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1710 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1711 # </a>
1712 # <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1713 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1714 # </a>
1715 #
1716 # both say GMT+08:00.
1718 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1719 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1720 # schedule here:
1721 # <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1722 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1723 # </a>
1724 # (click the English flag for English)
1725 #
1726 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1727 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1728 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1729 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1730 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1731 # Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1733 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1734 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1735 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1736 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1737 # this is almost surely wrong.
1739 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1740 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1741 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1742 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1743 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1744 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1745 #
1746 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1747 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1748 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1749 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1750 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1751 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1753 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1754 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1755 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1756 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1757 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1758 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1760 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1761 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1762 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1763 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1764 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1765 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1766 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1767 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1768 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1769 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1770 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1771 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1772 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1773 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1774 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1775 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1777 # Nepal
1778 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1779 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1780 5:30 - IST 1986
1781 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1783 # Oman
1784 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1785 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1786 4:00 - GST
1788 # Pakistan
1790 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1791 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1792 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1793 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1794 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1795 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1797 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1798 # Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1799 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1800 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1801 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1802 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1803 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1804 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1805 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1806 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1807 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1809 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1810 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1811 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1813 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1814 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1815 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1816 #
1817 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1818 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1819 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1820 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1821 #
1822 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1823 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1825 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1826 #
1827 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1828 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1829 #
1830 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1831 # reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1832 # moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1833 # ...."
1834 #
1835 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1836 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1837 # </a>
1838 # OR
1839 # <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1840 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1841 # </a>
1843 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1844 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1846 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1847 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1848 # for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1849 # instead of August 31.
1850 #
1851 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1852 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1853 # </a>
1854 # OR
1855 # <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1856 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1857 # </a>
1859 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1860 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1861 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1862 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1863 # official working."
1864 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1865 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1866 # </a>
1867 #
1868 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1869 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1870 #
1871 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1872 # April 08, 2009
1873 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1874 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1875 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1876 # </a>
1877 #
1878 # or
1879 #
1880 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1881 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1882 # </a>
1883 #
1884 # ....
1885 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1886 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1887 # conserve energy"
1889 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1890 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1891 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1892 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1893 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1894 # this regard."
1895 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1896 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1897 # </a>
1899 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1900 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1901 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1902 # 1, 2009.
1903 #
1904 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1905 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1906 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1907 # </a>
1908 # or
1909 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1910 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1911 # </a>
1913 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1914 # Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1915 # > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1916 # > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1917 # > 1, 2009.
1918 #
1919 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1920 # <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1921 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1922 # </a>
1923 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1924 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1925 # Monday."
1926 #
1927 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1928 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1929 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1930 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1931 #
1932 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1933 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1934 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1935 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1936 # </a>
1938 # From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1939 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1940 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1942 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
1943 # Steffen Thorsen wrote:
1944 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
1945 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
1946 # >
1947 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
1948 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
1949 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
1950 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
1951 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
1952 #
1953 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
1954 # <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
1955 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
1956 # </a>
1957 #
1958 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
1959 # <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
1960 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
1961 # </a>
1963 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1964 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1965 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1966 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1967 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1968 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1969 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1971 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1972 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1973 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1974 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1975 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1976 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1977 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1979 # Palestine
1981 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1982 #
1983 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1984 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1985 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1986 #
1987 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1988 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1989 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1990 # though.
1991 #
1992 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1993 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1994 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1995 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1996 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1997 # East Jerusalem.
1998 #
1999 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2000 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2001 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2002 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2003 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2004 #
2005 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2006 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2007 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2008 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2009 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2010 # Jordanian one).
2011 #
2012 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2013 #
2014 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2015 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2016 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2017 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2018 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2019 #
2020 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2021 # have one).
2023 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2024 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2025 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2026 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2027 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2028 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2029 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2030 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2031 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2032 # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
2033 # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
2035 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2036 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2037 #
2038 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2039 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2040 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2041 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2043 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2044 # Daoud Kuttab writes in
2045 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2046 # Holiday havoc
2047 # </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2048 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2049 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2050 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2051 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2053 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2054 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2056 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2057 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2058 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2059 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2060 # earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2062 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2063 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2064 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2065 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2066 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2067 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2068 # the West Bank.
2070 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2071 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2072 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2073 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2074 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2075 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2076 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2077 # because of the Ramadan.
2079 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2080 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2081 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2083 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2084 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2085 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2086 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2087 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2088 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2090 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2091 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2092 #
2093 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2094 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2095 #
2096 # <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2097 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2098 # </a>
2099 # <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2100 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2101 # </a>
2102 # or
2103 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2104 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2105 # </a>
2107 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2108 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2109 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2110 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2111 #
2112 # (in Arabic)
2113 # <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2114 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2115 # </a>
2116 #
2117 # or
2118 # (English translation)
2119 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2120 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2121 # </a>
2123 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2124 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2125 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2126 #
2127 # One news source:
2128 # <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2129 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2130 # </a>
2131 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2132 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2133 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2134 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2135 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2136 #
2137 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2138 # end date, we will keep this page updated:
2139 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2140 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2141 # </a>
2143 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2144 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2145 #
2146 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2147 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2148 #
2149 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2150 # (from Palestinian National Authority):
2151 # <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2152 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2153 # </a>
2154 # or
2155 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2156 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2157 # </a>
2159 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2160 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2161 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2162 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2163 #
2164 # <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
2165 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2166 # </a>
2167 # (in Arabic)
2168 # or
2169 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
2170 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2171 # </a>
2173 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2174 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2175 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2176 # noon though:
2177 #
2178 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
2179 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2180 # </a>
2181 # (Ma'an News Agency)
2182 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2183 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2185 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2186 # According to several sources, including
2187 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
2188 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2189 # </a>
2190 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2191 # Gaza and the West Bank.
2192 # Some more background info:
2193 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
2194 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2195 # </a>
2197 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2198 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2199 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2200 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2201 # Ramadan.
2202 #
2203 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
2204 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2205 # </a>
2206 # Additional info:
2207 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
2208 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2209 # </a>
2211 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2212 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2213 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2214 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2215 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2216 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2217 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2218 # ...
2219 # <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
2220 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2221 # </a>
2222 # or
2223 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
2224 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2225 # </a>
2226 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2228 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2229 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2230 # 00:00).
2231 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2232 #
2233 # Many sources, including:
2234 # <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
2235 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2236 # </a>
2238 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2239 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2240 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2241 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2242 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2243 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2244 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2246 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2247 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2248 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2249 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2250 Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2251 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2252 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2253 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 -
2254 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2255 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
2256 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S
2257 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2259 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20):
2260 # 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
2262 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2263 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2264 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2265 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2266 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2267 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2268 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 2 12:01
2269 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2270 2:00 - EET
2272 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2273 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2274 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2275 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2276 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2277 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug
2278 2:00 1:00 EEST 2008 Sep
2279 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 1 12:01
2280 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2281 2:00 - EET 2011 Aug 30
2282 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Sep 30 3:00
2283 2:00 - EET
2285 # Paracel Is
2286 # no information
2288 # Philippines
2289 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2290 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2291 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2292 # transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2293 # The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2295 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2296 # Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2297 # Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2298 # rainy season begins. See
2299 # <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2300 # For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2301 #
2302 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2303 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2304 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2305 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2306 # but no details]
2308 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2309 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2310 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2311 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2312 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2313 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2314 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2315 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2316 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2317 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2318 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2319 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2320 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2322 # Qatar
2323 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2324 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2325 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2326 3:00 - AST
2328 # Saudi Arabia
2329 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2330 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2331 3:00 - AST
2333 # Singapore
2334 # The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2335 # <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2336 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2337 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2338 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2339 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2340 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2341 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2342 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2343 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2344 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2345 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2346 8:00 - SGT
2348 # Spratly Is
2349 # no information
2351 # Sri Lanka
2352 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2353 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2354 # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2355 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2356 # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2357 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2358 #
2359 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2360 # by Shamindra in
2361 # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2362 # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2363 # </a>:
2364 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2365 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2367 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2368 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2369 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2370 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2372 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2373 # <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2374 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2375 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2376 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2377 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2378 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2379 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2381 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2382 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2383 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2384 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2385 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2386 #
2387 # I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2388 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2389 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2390 #
2391 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2392 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2393 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2394 # item....
2395 #
2396 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2397 # adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2398 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2399 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2400 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2401 #
2402 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2403 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2404 # all computers.
2406 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2407 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2408 # and then see what people actually say in practice.
2410 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2411 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2412 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2413 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2414 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2415 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2416 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2417 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2418 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2419 5:30 - IST
2421 # Syria
2422 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2423 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2424 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2425 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2426 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2427 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2428 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2429 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2430 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2431 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2432 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2433 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2434 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2435 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2436 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2437 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2438 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2439 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2440 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2441 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2442 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2443 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2444 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2445 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2446 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2447 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2448 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2449 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2450 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2451 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2452 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2453 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2454 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2455 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2456 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2457 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2458 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2459 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2460 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2461 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2462 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2463 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2464 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2465 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2466 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2467 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2468 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2469 # From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2470 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2471 # not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2472 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2473 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2474 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2475 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2476 #
2477 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2478 # Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2479 #
2480 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2481 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2482 #
2483 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2484 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2485 #
2486 # which using Google's translate tools says:
2487 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2488 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2489 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2490 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2492 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2493 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2494 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2495 # are now using:
2496 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2497 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2498 # Variation
2499 # Syrian Arab
2500 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2501 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2502 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2504 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2505 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2506 # Agency (SANA)...
2507 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2508 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2509 # </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2510 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2511 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2512 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2513 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2515 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2516 # My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2517 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2518 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2519 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2521 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2522 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2523 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2524 #
2525 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2526 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2527 # clocks back 60 minutes).
2528 #
2529 # <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2530 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2531 # </a>
2533 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2534 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2535 # two examples:
2536 #
2537 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2538 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2539 # </a>
2540 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2541 # <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2542 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2543 # </a>
2544 # (Arabic, gov-site)
2545 #
2546 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2547 #
2548 # Our summary
2549 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2550 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2551 # </a>
2553 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2554 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2555 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2556 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2557 # <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2558 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2559 # </a>
2561 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2562 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2563 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2564 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2566 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2567 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2568 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2569 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2570 # <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
2571 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2572 # </a>
2574 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2575 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2576 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2577 Rule Syria 2010 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2578 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2580 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2581 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2582 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2584 # Tajikistan
2585 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2586 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2587 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2588 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2589 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2590 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2591 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2593 # Thailand
2594 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2595 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2596 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2597 7:00 - ICT
2599 # Turkmenistan
2600 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2601 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2602 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2603 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2604 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2605 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2606 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2607 5:00 - TMT
2609 # United Arab Emirates
2610 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2611 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2612 4:00 - GST
2614 # Uzbekistan
2615 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2616 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2617 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2618 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2619 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2620 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2621 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2622 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2623 5:00 - UZT
2624 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2625 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2626 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2627 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2628 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2629 5:00 - UZT
2631 # Vietnam
2633 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2634 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2635 # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2637 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2638 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2639 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2640 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2641 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
2642 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
2643 7:00 - ICT
2645 # Yemen
2646 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2647 Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
2648 3:00 - AST