1 /* $NetBSD: dns.h,v 1.1.1.2 2015/01/29 06:38:28 spz Exp $ */
2 /* $NetBSD: dns.h,v 1.1.1.2 2015/01/29 06:38:28 spz Exp $ */
4 * Copyright (c) 2006-2007 Niels Provos <provos@citi.umich.edu>
5 * Copyright (c) 2007-2012 Niels Provos and Nick Mathewson
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
16 * derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
18 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
19 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
20 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
21 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
22 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
23 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
24 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
25 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
26 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
27 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
31 * The original DNS code is due to Adam Langley with heavy
32 * modifications by Nick Mathewson. Adam put his DNS software in the
33 * public domain. You can find his original copyright below. Please,
34 * aware that the code as part of Libevent is governed by the 3-clause
37 * This software is Public Domain. To view a copy of the public domain dedication,
38 * visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/ or send a letter to
39 * Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
41 * I ask and expect, but do not require, that all derivative works contain an
42 * attribution similar to:
43 * Parts developed by Adam Langley <agl@imperialviolet.org>
45 * You may wish to replace the word "Parts" with something else depending on
46 * the amount of original code.
48 * (Derivative works does not include programs which link against, run or include
49 * the source verbatim in their source distributions)
52 /** @file event2/dns.h
54 * Welcome, gentle reader
56 * Async DNS lookups are really a whole lot harder than they should be,
57 * mostly stemming from the fact that the libc resolver has never been
58 * very good at them. Before you use this library you should see if libc
59 * can do the job for you with the modern async call getaddrinfo_a
60 * (see http://www.imperialviolet.org/page25.html#e498). Otherwise,
63 * The library keeps track of the state of nameservers and will avoid
64 * them when they go down. Otherwise it will round robin between them.
68 * void callback(int result, char type, int count, int ttl,
69 * void *addresses, void *arg);
70 * evdns_resolv_conf_parse(DNS_OPTIONS_ALL, "/etc/resolv.conf");
71 * evdns_resolve("www.hostname.com", 0, callback, NULL);
73 * When the lookup is complete the callback function is called. The
74 * first argument will be one of the DNS_ERR_* defines in evdns.h.
75 * Hopefully it will be DNS_ERR_NONE, in which case type will be
76 * DNS_IPv4_A, count will be the number of IP addresses, ttl is the time
77 * which the data can be cached for (in seconds), addresses will point
78 * to an array of uint32_t's and arg will be whatever you passed to
83 * In order for this library to be a good replacement for glibc's resolver it
84 * supports searching. This involves setting a list of default domains, in
85 * which names will be queried for. The number of dots in the query name
86 * determines the order in which this list is used.
88 * Searching appears to be a single lookup from the point of view of the API,
89 * although many DNS queries may be generated from a single call to
90 * evdns_resolve. Searching can also drastically slow down the resolution
93 * To disable searching:
94 * 1. Never set it up. If you never call evdns_resolv_conf_parse or
95 * evdns_search_add then no searching will occur.
97 * 2. If you do call evdns_resolv_conf_parse then don't pass
98 * DNS_OPTION_SEARCH (or DNS_OPTIONS_ALL, which implies it).
100 * 3. When calling evdns_resolve, pass the DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH flag.
102 * The order of searches depends on the number of dots in the name. If the
103 * number is greater than the ndots setting then the names is first tried
104 * globally. Otherwise each search domain is appended in turn.
106 * The ndots setting can either be set from a resolv.conf, or by calling
107 * evdns_search_ndots_set.
109 * For example, with ndots set to 1 (the default) and a search domain list of
112 * Order: www.myhome.net, www.
115 * Order: www.abc., www.abc.myhome.net
119 * Requests are kept in two queues. The first is the inflight queue. In
120 * this queue requests have an allocated transaction id and nameserver.
121 * They will soon be transmitted if they haven't already been.
123 * The second is the waiting queue. The size of the inflight ring is
124 * limited and all other requests wait in waiting queue for space. This
125 * bounds the number of concurrent requests so that we don't flood the
126 * nameserver. Several algorithms require a full walk of the inflight
127 * queue and so bounding its size keeps thing going nicely under huge
128 * (many thousands of requests) loads.
130 * If a nameserver loses too many requests it is considered down and we
131 * try not to use it. After a while we send a probe to that nameserver
132 * (a lookup for google.com) and, if it replies, we consider it working
133 * again. If the nameserver fails a probe we wait longer to try again
134 * with the next probe.
137 #ifndef _EVENT2_DNS_H_
138 #define _EVENT2_DNS_H_
144 /* For integer types. */
145 #include <event2/util.h>
147 /** Error codes 0-5 are as described in RFC 1035. */
148 #define DNS_ERR_NONE 0
149 /** The name server was unable to interpret the query */
150 #define DNS_ERR_FORMAT 1
151 /** The name server was unable to process this query due to a problem with the
153 #define DNS_ERR_SERVERFAILED 2
154 /** The domain name does not exist */
155 #define DNS_ERR_NOTEXIST 3
156 /** The name server does not support the requested kind of query */
157 #define DNS_ERR_NOTIMPL 4
158 /** The name server refuses to reform the specified operation for policy
160 #define DNS_ERR_REFUSED 5
161 /** The reply was truncated or ill-formatted */
162 #define DNS_ERR_TRUNCATED 65
163 /** An unknown error occurred */
164 #define DNS_ERR_UNKNOWN 66
165 /** Communication with the server timed out */
166 #define DNS_ERR_TIMEOUT 67
167 /** The request was canceled because the DNS subsystem was shut down. */
168 #define DNS_ERR_SHUTDOWN 68
169 /** The request was canceled via a call to evdns_cancel_request */
170 #define DNS_ERR_CANCEL 69
171 /** There were no answers and no error condition in the DNS packet.
172 * This can happen when you ask for an address that exists, but a record
173 * type that doesn't. */
174 #define DNS_ERR_NODATA 70
178 #define DNS_IPv6_AAAA 3
180 #define DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH 1
182 #define DNS_OPTION_SEARCH 1
183 #define DNS_OPTION_NAMESERVERS 2
184 #define DNS_OPTION_MISC 4
185 #define DNS_OPTION_HOSTSFILE 8
186 #define DNS_OPTIONS_ALL 15
188 /* Obsolete name for DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH */
189 #define DNS_NO_SEARCH DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH
192 * The callback that contains the results from a lookup.
193 * - result is one of the DNS_ERR_* values (DNS_ERR_NONE for success)
194 * - type is either DNS_IPv4_A or DNS_PTR or DNS_IPv6_AAAA
195 * - count contains the number of addresses of form type
196 * - ttl is the number of seconds the resolution may be cached for.
197 * - addresses needs to be cast according to type. It will be an array of
198 * 4-byte sequences for ipv4, or an array of 16-byte sequences for ipv6,
199 * or a nul-terminated string for PTR.
201 typedef void (*evdns_callback_type
) (int result
, char type
, int count
, int ttl
, void *addresses
, void *arg
);
207 Initialize the asynchronous DNS library.
209 This function initializes support for non-blocking name resolution by
210 calling evdns_resolv_conf_parse() on UNIX and
211 evdns_config_windows_nameservers() on Windows.
213 @param event_base the event base to associate the dns client with
214 @param initialize_nameservers 1 if resolve.conf processing should occur
215 @return evdns_base object if successful, or NULL if an error occurred.
216 @see evdns_base_free()
218 struct evdns_base
* evdns_base_new(struct event_base
*event_base
, int initialize_nameservers
);
222 Shut down the asynchronous DNS resolver and terminate all active requests.
224 If the 'fail_requests' option is enabled, all active requests will return
225 an empty result with the error flag set to DNS_ERR_SHUTDOWN. Otherwise,
226 the requests will be silently discarded.
228 @param evdns_base the evdns base to free
229 @param fail_requests if zero, active requests will be aborted; if non-zero,
230 active requests will return DNS_ERR_SHUTDOWN.
231 @see evdns_base_new()
233 void evdns_base_free(struct evdns_base
*base
, int fail_requests
);
236 Convert a DNS error code to a string.
238 @param err the DNS error code
239 @return a string containing an explanation of the error code
241 const char *evdns_err_to_string(int err
);
247 The address should be an IPv4 address in network byte order.
248 The type of address is chosen so that it matches in_addr.s_addr.
250 @param base the evdns_base to which to add the name server
251 @param address an IP address in network byte order
252 @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
253 @see evdns_base_nameserver_ip_add()
255 int evdns_base_nameserver_add(struct evdns_base
*base
,
256 unsigned long int address
);
259 Get the number of configured nameservers.
261 This returns the number of configured nameservers (not necessarily the
262 number of running nameservers). This is useful for double-checking
263 whether our calls to the various nameserver configuration functions
264 have been successful.
266 @param base the evdns_base to which to apply this operation
267 @return the number of configured nameservers
268 @see evdns_base_nameserver_add()
270 int evdns_base_count_nameservers(struct evdns_base
*base
);
273 Remove all configured nameservers, and suspend all pending resolves.
275 Resolves will not necessarily be re-attempted until evdns_base_resume() is called.
277 @param base the evdns_base to which to apply this operation
278 @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
279 @see evdns_base_resume()
281 int evdns_base_clear_nameservers_and_suspend(struct evdns_base
*base
);
285 Resume normal operation and continue any suspended resolve requests.
287 Re-attempt resolves left in limbo after an earlier call to
288 evdns_base_clear_nameservers_and_suspend().
290 @param base the evdns_base to which to apply this operation
291 @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
292 @see evdns_base_clear_nameservers_and_suspend()
294 int evdns_base_resume(struct evdns_base
*base
);
297 Add a nameserver by string address.
299 This function parses a n IPv4 or IPv6 address from a string and adds it as a
300 nameserver. It supports the following formats:
307 If no port is specified, it defaults to 53.
309 @param base the evdns_base to which to apply this operation
310 @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
311 @see evdns_base_nameserver_add()
313 int evdns_base_nameserver_ip_add(struct evdns_base
*base
,
314 const char *ip_as_string
);
317 Add a nameserver by sockaddr.
320 evdns_base_nameserver_sockaddr_add(struct evdns_base
*base
,
321 const struct sockaddr
*sa
, ev_socklen_t len
, unsigned flags
);
323 struct evdns_request
;
326 Lookup an A record for a given name.
328 @param base the evdns_base to which to apply this operation
329 @param name a DNS hostname
330 @param flags either 0, or DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH to disable searching for this query.
331 @param callback a callback function to invoke when the request is completed
332 @param ptr an argument to pass to the callback function
333 @return an evdns_request object if successful, or NULL if an error occurred.
334 @see evdns_resolve_ipv6(), evdns_resolve_reverse(), evdns_resolve_reverse_ipv6(), evdns_cancel_request()
336 struct evdns_request
*evdns_base_resolve_ipv4(struct evdns_base
*base
, const char *name
, int flags
, evdns_callback_type callback
, void *ptr
);
339 Lookup an AAAA record for a given name.
341 @param base the evdns_base to which to apply this operation
342 @param name a DNS hostname
343 @param flags either 0, or DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH to disable searching for this query.
344 @param callback a callback function to invoke when the request is completed
345 @param ptr an argument to pass to the callback function
346 @return an evdns_request object if successful, or NULL if an error occurred.
347 @see evdns_resolve_ipv4(), evdns_resolve_reverse(), evdns_resolve_reverse_ipv6(), evdns_cancel_request()
349 struct evdns_request
*evdns_base_resolve_ipv6(struct evdns_base
*base
, const char *name
, int flags
, evdns_callback_type callback
, void *ptr
);
355 Lookup a PTR record for a given IP address.
357 @param base the evdns_base to which to apply this operation
358 @param in an IPv4 address
359 @param flags either 0, or DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH to disable searching for this query.
360 @param callback a callback function to invoke when the request is completed
361 @param ptr an argument to pass to the callback function
362 @return an evdns_request object if successful, or NULL if an error occurred.
363 @see evdns_resolve_reverse_ipv6(), evdns_cancel_request()
365 struct evdns_request
*evdns_base_resolve_reverse(struct evdns_base
*base
, const struct in_addr
*in
, int flags
, evdns_callback_type callback
, void *ptr
);
369 Lookup a PTR record for a given IPv6 address.
371 @param base the evdns_base to which to apply this operation
372 @param in an IPv6 address
373 @param flags either 0, or DNS_QUERY_NO_SEARCH to disable searching for this query.
374 @param callback a callback function to invoke when the request is completed
375 @param ptr an argument to pass to the callback function
376 @return an evdns_request object if successful, or NULL if an error occurred.
377 @see evdns_resolve_reverse_ipv6(), evdns_cancel_request()
379 struct evdns_request
*evdns_base_resolve_reverse_ipv6(struct evdns_base
*base
, const struct in6_addr
*in
, int flags
, evdns_callback_type callback
, void *ptr
);
382 Cancels a pending DNS resolution request.
384 @param base the evdns_base that was used to make the request
385 @param req the evdns_request that was returned by calling a resolve function
386 @see evdns_base_resolve_ipv4(), evdns_base_resolve_ipv6, evdns_base_resolve_reverse
388 void evdns_cancel_request(struct evdns_base
*base
, struct evdns_request
*req
);
391 Set the value of a configuration option.
393 The currently available configuration options are:
395 ndots, timeout, max-timeouts, max-inflight, attempts, randomize-case,
396 bind-to, initial-probe-timeout, getaddrinfo-allow-skew.
398 In versions before Libevent 2.0.3-alpha, the option name needed to end with
401 @param base the evdns_base to which to apply this operation
402 @param option the name of the configuration option to be modified
403 @param val the value to be set
404 @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
406 int evdns_base_set_option(struct evdns_base
*base
, const char *option
, const char *val
);
410 Parse a resolv.conf file.
412 The 'flags' parameter determines what information is parsed from the
413 resolv.conf file. See the man page for resolv.conf for the format of this
416 The following directives are not parsed from the file: sortlist, rotate,
417 no-check-names, inet6, debug.
419 If this function encounters an error, the possible return values are: 1 =
420 failed to open file, 2 = failed to stat file, 3 = file too large, 4 = out of
421 memory, 5 = short read from file, 6 = no nameservers listed in the file
423 @param base the evdns_base to which to apply this operation
424 @param flags any of DNS_OPTION_NAMESERVERS|DNS_OPTION_SEARCH|DNS_OPTION_MISC|
425 DNS_OPTION_HOSTSFILE|DNS_OPTIONS_ALL
426 @param filename the path to the resolv.conf file
427 @return 0 if successful, or various positive error codes if an error
429 @see resolv.conf(3), evdns_config_windows_nameservers()
431 int evdns_base_resolv_conf_parse(struct evdns_base
*base
, int flags
, const char *const filename
);
434 Load an /etc/hosts-style file from 'hosts_fname' into 'base'.
436 If hosts_fname is NULL, add minimal entries for localhost, and nothing
439 Note that only evdns_getaddrinfo uses the /etc/hosts entries.
441 Return 0 on success, negative on failure.
443 int evdns_base_load_hosts(struct evdns_base
*base
, const char *hosts_fname
);
446 Obtain nameserver information using the Windows API.
448 Attempt to configure a set of nameservers based on platform settings on
449 a win32 host. Preferentially tries to use GetNetworkParams; if that fails,
450 looks in the registry.
452 @return 0 if successful, or -1 if an error occurred
453 @see evdns_resolv_conf_parse()
456 int evdns_base_config_windows_nameservers(struct evdns_base
*);
457 #define EVDNS_BASE_CONFIG_WINDOWS_NAMESERVERS_IMPLEMENTED
462 Clear the list of search domains.
464 void evdns_base_search_clear(struct evdns_base
*base
);
468 Add a domain to the list of search domains
470 @param domain the domain to be added to the search list
472 void evdns_base_search_add(struct evdns_base
*base
, const char *domain
);
476 Set the 'ndots' parameter for searches.
478 Sets the number of dots which, when found in a name, causes
479 the first query to be without any search domain.
481 @param ndots the new ndots parameter
483 void evdns_base_search_ndots_set(struct evdns_base
*base
, const int ndots
);
486 A callback that is invoked when a log message is generated
488 @param is_warning indicates if the log message is a 'warning'
489 @param msg the content of the log message
491 typedef void (*evdns_debug_log_fn_type
)(int is_warning
, const char *msg
);
495 Set the callback function to handle DNS log messages. If this
496 callback is not set, evdns log messages are handled with the regular
497 Libevent logging system.
499 @param fn the callback to be invoked when a log message is generated
501 void evdns_set_log_fn(evdns_debug_log_fn_type fn
);
504 Set a callback that will be invoked to generate transaction IDs. By
505 default, we pick transaction IDs based on the current clock time, which
508 @param fn the new callback, or NULL to use the default.
510 NOTE: This function has no effect in Libevent 2.0.4-alpha and later,
511 since Libevent now provides its own secure RNG.
513 void evdns_set_transaction_id_fn(ev_uint16_t (*fn
)(void));
516 Set a callback used to generate random bytes. By default, we use
517 the same function as passed to evdns_set_transaction_id_fn to generate
518 bytes two at a time. If a function is provided here, it's also used
519 to generate transaction IDs.
521 NOTE: This function has no effect in Libevent 2.0.4-alpha and later,
522 since Libevent now provides its own secure RNG.
524 void evdns_set_random_bytes_fn(void (*fn
)(char *, size_t));
527 * Functions used to implement a DNS server.
530 struct evdns_server_request
;
531 struct evdns_server_question
;
534 A callback to implement a DNS server. The callback function receives a DNS
535 request. It should then optionally add a number of answers to the reply
536 using the evdns_server_request_add_*_reply functions, before calling either
537 evdns_server_request_respond to send the reply back, or
538 evdns_server_request_drop to decline to answer the request.
540 @param req A newly received request
541 @param user_data A pointer that was passed to
542 evdns_add_server_port_with_base().
544 typedef void (*evdns_request_callback_fn_type
)(struct evdns_server_request
*, void *);
545 #define EVDNS_ANSWER_SECTION 0
546 #define EVDNS_AUTHORITY_SECTION 1
547 #define EVDNS_ADDITIONAL_SECTION 2
549 #define EVDNS_TYPE_A 1
550 #define EVDNS_TYPE_NS 2
551 #define EVDNS_TYPE_CNAME 5
552 #define EVDNS_TYPE_SOA 6
553 #define EVDNS_TYPE_PTR 12
554 #define EVDNS_TYPE_MX 15
555 #define EVDNS_TYPE_TXT 16
556 #define EVDNS_TYPE_AAAA 28
558 #define EVDNS_QTYPE_AXFR 252
559 #define EVDNS_QTYPE_ALL 255
561 #define EVDNS_CLASS_INET 1
563 /* flags that can be set in answers; as part of the err parameter */
564 #define EVDNS_FLAGS_AA 0x400
565 #define EVDNS_FLAGS_RD 0x080
567 /** Create a new DNS server port.
569 @param base The event base to handle events for the server port.
570 @param socket A UDP socket to accept DNS requests.
571 @param flags Always 0 for now.
572 @param callback A function to invoke whenever we get a DNS request
574 @param user_data Data to pass to the callback.
575 @return an evdns_server_port structure for this server port.
577 struct evdns_server_port
*evdns_add_server_port_with_base(struct event_base
*base
, evutil_socket_t socket
, int flags
, evdns_request_callback_fn_type callback
, void *user_data
);
578 /** Close down a DNS server port, and free associated structures. */
579 void evdns_close_server_port(struct evdns_server_port
*port
);
581 /** Sets some flags in a reply we're building.
582 Allows setting of the AA or RD flags
584 void evdns_server_request_set_flags(struct evdns_server_request
*req
, int flags
);
586 /* Functions to add an answer to an in-progress DNS reply.
588 int evdns_server_request_add_reply(struct evdns_server_request
*req
, int section
, const char *name
, int type
, int dns_class
, int ttl
, int datalen
, int is_name
, const char *data
);
589 int evdns_server_request_add_a_reply(struct evdns_server_request
*req
, const char *name
, int n
, const void *addrs
, int ttl
);
590 int evdns_server_request_add_aaaa_reply(struct evdns_server_request
*req
, const char *name
, int n
, const void *addrs
, int ttl
);
591 int evdns_server_request_add_ptr_reply(struct evdns_server_request
*req
, struct in_addr
*in
, const char *inaddr_name
, const char *hostname
, int ttl
);
592 int evdns_server_request_add_cname_reply(struct evdns_server_request
*req
, const char *name
, const char *cname
, int ttl
);
595 Send back a response to a DNS request, and free the request structure.
597 int evdns_server_request_respond(struct evdns_server_request
*req
, int err
);
599 Free a DNS request without sending back a reply.
601 int evdns_server_request_drop(struct evdns_server_request
*req
);
604 Get the address that made a DNS request.
606 int evdns_server_request_get_requesting_addr(struct evdns_server_request
*_req
, struct sockaddr
*sa
, int addr_len
);
608 /** Callback for evdns_getaddrinfo. */
609 typedef void (*evdns_getaddrinfo_cb
)(int result
, struct evutil_addrinfo
*res
, void *arg
);
612 struct evdns_getaddrinfo_request
;
613 /** Make a non-blocking getaddrinfo request using the dns_base in 'dns_base'.
615 * If we can answer the request immediately (with an error or not!), then we
616 * invoke cb immediately and return NULL. Otherwise we return
617 * an evdns_getaddrinfo_request and invoke cb later.
619 * When the callback is invoked, we pass as its first argument the error code
620 * that getaddrinfo would return (or 0 for no error). As its second argument,
621 * we pass the evutil_addrinfo structures we found (or NULL on error). We
622 * pass 'arg' as the third argument.
626 * - The AI_V4MAPPED and AI_ALL flags are not currently implemented.
627 * - For ai_socktype, we only handle SOCKTYPE_STREAM, SOCKTYPE_UDP, and 0.
628 * - For ai_protocol, we only handle IPPROTO_TCP, IPPROTO_UDP, and 0.
630 struct evdns_getaddrinfo_request
*evdns_getaddrinfo(
631 struct evdns_base
*dns_base
,
632 const char *nodename
, const char *servname
,
633 const struct evutil_addrinfo
*hints_in
,
634 evdns_getaddrinfo_cb cb
, void *arg
);
636 /* Cancel an in-progress evdns_getaddrinfo. This MUST NOT be called after the
637 * getaddrinfo's callback has been invoked. The resolves will be canceled,
638 * and the callback will be invoked with the error EVUTIL_EAI_CANCEL. */
639 void evdns_getaddrinfo_cancel(struct evdns_getaddrinfo_request
*req
);
645 #endif /* !_EVENT2_DNS_H_ */