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25 .Dd February 17, 2010
26 .Dt FSCK 8
27 .Os
28 .Sh NAME
29 .Nm fsck
30 .Nd file system consistency check and interactive repair
31 .Sh SYNOPSIS
32 .Nm
33 .Op Fl dfnPpqvy
34 .Op Fl l Ar maxparallel
35 .Op Fl T Ar fstype:fsoptions
36 .Op Fl t Ar fstype
37 .Op Fl x Ar mountpoint
38 .Op special | node ...
39 .Sh DESCRIPTION
40 The
41 .Nm
42 command invokes file system-specific programs to check
43 the special devices listed in the
44 .Xr fstab 5
45 file or in the command line for consistency.
46 .Pp
47 It is normally used in the script
48 .Pa /etc/rc
49 during automatic reboot.
50 If no file systems are specified, and
51 .Dq preen
52 mode is enabled (
53 .Fl p
54 option)
55 .Nm
56 reads the table
57 .Pa /etc/fstab
58 to determine which file systems to check, in what order.
59 Only partitions in fstab that are mounted ``rw,'' ``rq'' or ``ro''
60 and that have non-zero pass number are checked.
61 File systems with pass number 1 (normally just the root file system)
62 are checked one at a time.
63 When pass 1 completes, all remaining file systems are checked,
64 running one process per disk drive.
65 By default, file systems which are already mounted read-write are not checked.
66 The disk drive containing each file system is inferred from the longest prefix
67 of the device name that ends in a digit; the remaining characters are assumed
68 to be the partition designator.
69 .Pp
70 The options are as follows:
71 .Bl -tag -width indent
72 .It Fl d
73 Debugging mode.
74 Just print the commands without executing them.
75 .It Fl f
76 Force checking of file systems, even when they are marked clean (for file
77 systems that support this), or when they are mounted read-write.
78 .It Fl l Ar maxparallel
79 Limit the number of parallel checks to the number specified in
80 the following argument.
81 By default, the limit is the number of disks, running one process per disk.
82 If a smaller limit is given, the disks are checked round-robin,
83 one file system at a time.
84 .It Fl n
85 Causes
86 .Nm
87 to assume no as the answer to all operator questions, except "CONTINUE?".
88 .It Fl P
89 Display a progress meter for each file system check.
90 This option also disables parallel checking.
91 Note that progress meters are not supported by all file system types.
92 .It Fl p
93 Enter preen mode.
94 In preen mode,
95 .Nm
96 will check all file systems listed in
97 .Pa /etc/fstab
98 according to their pass number, and will make minor repairs without
99 human intervention.
100 .It Fl q
101 Quiet mode, do not output any messages for clean filesystems.
102 .It Fl T Ar fstype:fsoptions
103 List of comma separated file system specific options for the specified
104 file system type, in the same format as
105 .Xr mount 8 .
106 .It Fl t Ar fstype
107 Invoke
108 .Nm
109 only for the comma separated list of file system types.
110 If the list starts with
111 .Dq no
112 then invoke
113 .Nm
114 for the file system types that are not specified in the list.
115 .It Fl v
116 Print the commands before executing them.
117 .It Fl x Ar mountpoint
118 Exclude the filesystem which has a
119 .Ar mountpoint
120 the same as in
121 .Pa /etc/fstab .
122 Used only in
123 .Dq preen
124 mode.
125 .It Fl y
126 Causes
127 .Nm
128 to assume yes
129 as the answer to all operator questions.
130 .El
131 .Sh FILES
132 .Bl -tag -width /etc/fstab -compact
133 .It Pa /etc/fstab
134 file system table
135 .El
136 .Sh EXIT STATUS
137 .Nm
138 exits with
139 .Dv 0
140 on success.
141 Any major problems will cause
142 .Nm
143 to exit with the following non-zero
144 .Xr exit 3
145 codes, so as to alert any invoking program or script that human
146 intervention is required.
147 .Bl -tag -width XXXX
148 .It Dv 1
149 Usage problem.
150 .It Dv 2
151 Unresolved errors while checking the filesystem.
152 Re-running
153 .Nm
154 on the filesystem(s) is required.
155 .It Dv 4
156 The root filesystem was changed in the process of checking, and updating the
157 mount was unsuccessful.
158 A reboot (without sync) is required.
159 .It Dv 8
160 The filesystem check has failed, and a subsequent check is required
161 that will require human intervention.
162 .It Dv 12
163 .Nm
164 exited because of the result of a signal (usually
165 .Dv SIGINT
166 or
167 .Dv SIGQUIT
168 from the terminal).
169 .El
170 .Sh SEE ALSO
171 .Xr fstab 5 ,
172 .Xr fsck_ext2fs 8 ,
173 .Xr fsck_ffs 8 ,
174 .Xr fsck_lfs 8 ,
175 .Xr fsck_msdos 8 ,
176 .Xr mount 8