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33 .\" @(#)cat.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 5/2/95
40 .Nd concatenate and print files
50 utility reads files sequentially, writing them to the standard output.
53 operands are processed in command line order.
54 A single dash represents the standard input,
55 and may appear multiple times in the
60 operands are given, standard input is read.
64 is just a verbose synonym for
67 The options are as follows:
70 Read with a buffer size of
72 bytes, instead of the default buffer size which is the blocksize of the
77 option, but doesn't number blank lines.
81 option, and displays a dollar sign
83 at the end of each line
86 Only attempt to display regular files.
88 Set an exclusive advisory lock on the standard output file descriptor.
89 This lock is set using
94 If the output file is already locked,
96 will block until the lock is acquired.
98 Number the output lines, starting at 1.
100 Squeeze multiple adjacent empty lines, causing the output to be
105 option, and displays tab characters as
111 option guarantees that the output is unbuffered.
113 Displays non-printing characters so they are visible.
114 Control characters print as
116 for control-X; the delete
117 character (octal 0177) prints as
119 Non-ascii characters (with the high bit set) are printed as
121 (for meta) followed by the character for the low 7 bits.
126 utility exits 0 on success, and \*[Gt]0 if an error occurs.
129 .Bd -literal -offset indent
133 will print the contents of
135 to the standard output.
138 .Bd -literal -offset indent
139 .Ic cat file1 file2 \*[Gt] file3
142 will sequentially print the contents of
150 if it already exists.
151 See the manual page for your shell (e.g.,
153 for more information on redirection.
156 .Bd -literal -offset indent
157 .Ic cat file1 - file2 - file3
160 will print the contents of
162 print data it receives from the standard input until it receives an
165 character, print the contents of
167 read and output contents of the standard input again, then finally output
170 Note that if the standard input referred to a file, the second dash
171 on the command-line would have no effect, since the entire contents of the file
172 would have already been read and printed by
174 when it encountered the first
189 .%T "UNIX Style, or cat -v Considered Harmful"
190 .%J "USENIX Summer Conference Proceedings"
196 utility is expected to conform to the
202 are extensions to the specification.
208 Dennis Ritchie designed and wrote the first man page.
209 It appears to have been
212 Because of the shell language mechanism used to perform output
213 redirection, the command
214 .Dq Li cat file1 file2 \*[Gt] file1
215 will cause the original data in file1 to be destroyed!
216 This is performed by the shell before