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21 <refentry id="man.host">
24 <date>January 20, 2009</date>
28 <refentrytitle>host</refentrytitle>
29 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
30 <refmiscinfo>BIND9</refmiscinfo>
34 <refname>host</refname>
35 <refpurpose>DNS lookup utility</refpurpose>
46 <holder>Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")</holder>
52 <holder>Internet Software Consortium.</holder>
58 <command>host</command>
59 <arg><option>-aCdlnrsTwv</option></arg>
60 <arg><option>-c <replaceable class="parameter">class</replaceable></option></arg>
61 <arg><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">ndots</replaceable></option></arg>
62 <arg><option>-R <replaceable class="parameter">number</replaceable></option></arg>
63 <arg><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">type</replaceable></option></arg>
64 <arg><option>-W <replaceable class="parameter">wait</replaceable></option></arg>
65 <arg><option>-m <replaceable class="parameter">flag</replaceable></option></arg>
66 <arg><option>-4</option></arg>
67 <arg><option>-6</option></arg>
68 <arg><option>-v</option></arg>
69 <arg><option>-V</option></arg>
70 <arg choice="req">name</arg>
71 <arg choice="opt">server</arg>
76 <title>DESCRIPTION</title>
78 <para><command>host</command>
79 is a simple utility for performing DNS lookups.
80 It is normally used to convert names to IP addresses and vice versa.
81 When no arguments or options are given,
82 <command>host</command>
83 prints a short summary of its command line arguments and options.
86 <para><parameter>name</parameter> is the domain name that is to be
88 up. It can also be a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or a colon-delimited
89 IPv6 address, in which case <command>host</command> will by
91 perform a reverse lookup for that address.
92 <parameter>server</parameter> is an optional argument which
94 the name or IP address of the name server that <command>host</command>
95 should query instead of the server or servers listed in
96 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
100 The <option>-a</option> (all) option is equivalent to setting the
101 <option>-v</option> option and asking <command>host</command> to make
106 When the <option>-C</option> option is used, <command>host</command>
107 will attempt to display the SOA records for zone
108 <parameter>name</parameter> from all the listed
110 servers for that zone. The list of name servers is defined by the NS
111 records that are found for the zone.
115 The <option>-c</option> option instructs to make a DNS query of class
116 <parameter>class</parameter>. This can be used to lookup
118 Chaosnet class resource records. The default class is IN (Internet).
122 Verbose output is generated by <command>host</command> when
124 <option>-d</option> or <option>-v</option> option is used. The two
125 options are equivalent. They have been provided for backwards
126 compatibility. In previous versions, the <option>-d</option> option
127 switched on debugging traces and <option>-v</option> enabled verbose
132 List mode is selected by the <option>-l</option> option. This makes
133 <command>host</command> perform a zone transfer for zone
134 <parameter>name</parameter>. Transfer the zone printing out
136 and address records (A/AAAA). If combined with <option>-a</option>
137 all records will be printed.
141 The <option>-i</option>
142 option specifies that reverse lookups of IPv6 addresses should
143 use the IP6.INT domain as defined in RFC1886.
144 The default is to use IP6.ARPA.
148 The <option>-N</option> option sets the number of dots that have to be
149 in <parameter>name</parameter> for it to be considered
151 default value is that defined using the ndots statement in
152 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>, or 1 if no ndots
154 present. Names with fewer dots are interpreted as relative names and
155 will be searched for in the domains listed in the <type>search</type>
156 or <type>domain</type> directive in
157 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>.
161 The number of UDP retries for a lookup can be changed with the
162 <option>-R</option> option. <parameter>number</parameter>
164 how many times <command>host</command> will repeat a query
166 not get answered. The default number of retries is 1. If
167 <parameter>number</parameter> is negative or zero, the
169 retries will default to 1.
173 Non-recursive queries can be made via the <option>-r</option> option.
174 Setting this option clears the <type>RD</type> — recursion
175 desired — bit in the query which <command>host</command> makes.
176 This should mean that the name server receiving the query will not
177 attempt to resolve <parameter>name</parameter>. The
178 <option>-r</option> option enables <command>host</command>
180 the behavior of a name server by making non-recursive queries and
181 expecting to receive answers to those queries that are usually
182 referrals to other name servers.
186 By default, <command>host</command> uses UDP when making
188 <option>-T</option> option makes it use a TCP connection when querying
189 the name server. TCP will be automatically selected for queries that
190 require it, such as zone transfer (AXFR) requests.
194 The <option>-4</option> option forces <command>host</command> to only
195 use IPv4 query transport. The <option>-6</option> option forces
196 <command>host</command> to only use IPv6 query transport.
200 The <option>-t</option> option is used to select the query type.
201 <parameter>type</parameter> can be any recognized query
203 NS, SOA, SIG, KEY, AXFR, etc. When no query type is specified,
204 <command>host</command> automatically selects an appropriate
206 type. By default, it looks for A, AAAA, and MX records, but if the
207 <option>-C</option> option was given, queries will be made for SOA
208 records, and if <parameter>name</parameter> is a
210 address or colon-delimited IPv6 address, <command>host</command> will
211 query for PTR records. If a query type of IXFR is chosen the starting
212 serial number can be specified by appending an equal followed by the
213 starting serial number (e.g. -t IXFR=12345678).
217 The time to wait for a reply can be controlled through the
218 <option>-W</option> and <option>-w</option> options. The
219 <option>-W</option> option makes <command>host</command>
221 <parameter>wait</parameter> seconds. If <parameter>wait</parameter>
222 is less than one, the wait interval is set to one second. When the
223 <option>-w</option> option is used, <command>host</command>
225 effectively wait forever for a reply. The time to wait for a response
226 will be set to the number of seconds given by the hardware's maximum
227 value for an integer quantity.
231 The <option>-s</option> option tells <command>host</command>
232 <emphasis>not</emphasis> to send the query to the next nameserver
233 if any server responds with a SERVFAIL response, which is the
234 reverse of normal stub resolver behavior.
238 The <option>-m</option> can be used to set the memory usage debugging
240 <parameter>record</parameter>, <parameter>usage</parameter> and
241 <parameter>trace</parameter>.
245 The <option>-V</option> option causes <command>host</command>
246 to print the version number and exit.
251 <title>IDN SUPPORT</title>
253 If <command>host</command> has been built with IDN (internationalized
254 domain name) support, it can accept and display non-ASCII domain names.
255 <command>host</command> appropriately converts character encoding of
256 domain name before sending a request to DNS server or displaying a
257 reply from the server.
258 If you'd like to turn off the IDN support for some reason, defines
259 the <envar>IDN_DISABLE</envar> environment variable.
260 The IDN support is disabled if the variable is set when
261 <command>host</command> runs.
267 <para><filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>
272 <title>SEE ALSO</title>
274 <refentrytitle>dig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
277 <refentrytitle>named</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>