1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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18 <!-- Id: managed-keys.xml,v 1.3 2010/02/03 23:49:07 tbox Exp -->
20 <sect1 id="rfc5011.support">
21 <title>Dynamic Trust Anchor Management</title>
22 <para>BIND 9.7.0 introduces support for RFC 5011, dynamic trust
23 anchor management. Using this feature allows
24 <command>named</command> to keep track of changes to critical
25 DNSSEC keys without any need for the operator to make changes to
26 configuration files.</para>
28 <title>Validating Resolver</title>
29 <!-- TODO: command tag is overloaded for configuration and executables -->
30 <para>To configure a validating resolver to use RFC 5011 to
31 maintain a trust anchor, configure the trust anchor using a
32 <command>managed-keys</command> statement. Information about
34 <xref linkend="managed-keys" />.</para>
35 <!-- TODO: managed-keys examples
36 also in DNSSEC section above here in ARM -->
39 <title>Authoritative Server</title>
40 <para>To set up an authoritative zone for RFC 5011 trust anchor
41 maintenance, generate two (or more) key signing keys (KSKs) for
42 the zone. Sign the zone with one of them; this is the "active"
43 KSK. All KSK's which do not sign the zone are "stand-by"
45 <para>Any validating resolver which is configured to use the
46 active KSK as an RFC 5011-managed trust anchor will take note
47 of the stand-by KSKs in the zone's DNSKEY RRset, and store them
48 for future reference. The resolver will recheck the zone
49 periodically, and after 30 days, if the new key is still there,
50 then the key will be accepted by the resolver as a valid trust
51 anchor for the zone. Any time after this 30-day acceptance
52 timer has completed, the active KSK can be revoked, and the
53 zone can be "rolled over" to the newly accepted key.</para>
54 <para>The easiest way to place a stand-by key in a zone is to
55 use the "smart signing" features of
56 <command>dnssec-keygen</command> and
57 <command>dnssec-signzone</command>. If a key with a publication
58 date in the past, but an activation date which is unset or in
60 <command>dnssec-signzone -S</command>" will include the DNSKEY
61 record in the zone, but will not sign with it:</para>
63 $ <userinput>dnssec-keygen -K keys -f KSK -P now -A now+2y example.net</userinput>
64 $ <userinput>dnssec-signzone -S -K keys example.net</userinput>
66 <para>To revoke a key, the new command
67 <command>dnssec-revoke</command> has been added. This adds the
68 REVOKED bit to the key flags and re-generates the
69 <filename>K*.key</filename> and
70 <filename>K*.private</filename> files.</para>
71 <para>After revoking the active key, the zone must be signed
72 with both the revoked KSK and the new active KSK. (Smart
73 signing takes care of this automatically.)</para>
74 <para>Once a key has been revoked and used to sign the DNSKEY
75 RRset in which it appears, that key will never again be
76 accepted as a valid trust anchor by the resolver. However,
77 validation can proceed using the new active key (which had been
78 accepted by the resolver when it was a stand-by key).</para>
79 <para>See RFC 5011 for more details on key rollover
81 <para>When a key has been revoked, its key ID changes,
82 increasing by 128, and wrapping around at 65535. So, for
83 example, the key "<filename>Kexample.com.+005+10000</filename>" becomes
84 "<filename>Kexample.com.+005+10128</filename>".</para>
85 <para>If two keys have ID's exactly 128 apart, and one is
86 revoked, then the two key ID's will collide, causing several
87 problems. To prevent this,
88 <command>dnssec-keygen</command> will not generate a new key if
89 another key is present which may collide. This checking will
90 only occur if the new keys are written to the same directory
91 which holds all other keys in use for that zone.</para>
92 <para>Older versions of BIND 9 did not have this precaution.
93 Exercise caution if using key revocation on keys that were
94 generated by previous releases, or if using keys stored in
95 multiple directories or on multiple machines.</para>
96 <para>It is expected that a future release of BIND 9 will
97 address this problem in a different way, by storing revoked
98 keys with their original unrevoked key ID's.</para>