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30 .\" @(#)vipw.8 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
31 .\"
32 .Dd September 4, 2005
33 .Dt VIPW 8
34 .Os
35 .Sh NAME
36 .Nm vipw
37 .Nd edit the password file
38 .Sh SYNOPSIS
39 .Nm
40 .Bk -words
41 .Op Fl d Ar directory
42 .Ek
43 .Sh DESCRIPTION
44 .Nm
45 edits the password file after setting the appropriate locks,
46 and does any necessary processing after the password file is unlocked.
47 If the password file is already locked for editing by another user,
48 .Nm
49 will ask you
50 to try again later. The default editor for
51 .Nm
52 is
53 .Xr vi 1 .
54 .Pp
55 .Nm
56 performs a number of consistency checks on the password entries,
57 and will not allow a password file with a
58 .Dq mangled
59 entry to be
60 installed.
61 If
62 .Nm
63 rejects the new password file, the user is prompted to re-enter
64 the edit session.
65 .Pp
66 Once the information has been verified,
67 .Nm
68 uses
69 .Xr pwd_mkdb 8
70 to update the user database. This is run in the background, and,
71 at very large sites could take several minutes. Until this update
72 is completed, the password file is unavailable for other updates
73 and the new information is not available to programs.
74 .Pp
75 The options are as follows:
76 .Bl -tag -width flag
77 .It Fl d Ar directory
78 Change the root directory of the password file from
79 .Dq Pa /
80 to
81 .Ar directory .
82 .El
83 .Pp
84 If a
85 .Nm
86 session is killed it may leave
87 .Dq Pa /etc/ptmp ,
88 which will cause future
89 .Nm
90 executions to fail with
91 .Dq Pa vipw: the passwd file is busy ,
92 until it is removed.
93 .Sh ENVIRONMENT
94 If the following environment variable exists it will be used by
95 .Nm :
96 .Bl -tag -width EDITOR
97 .It Ev EDITOR
98 The editor specified by the string
99 .Ev EDITOR
100 will be invoked instead of the default editor
101 .Xr vi 1 .
102 .El
103 .Sh FILES
104 .Bl -tag -width Pa -compact
105 .It Pa /etc/master.passwd
106 The current password file.
107 .It Pa /etc/ptmp
108 Temporary copy of the password file used while editing.
109 .El
110 .Sh SEE ALSO
111 .Xr chpass 1 ,
112 .Xr passwd 1 ,
113 .Xr pwhash 1 ,
114 .Xr passwd 5 ,
115 .Xr passwd.conf 5 ,
116 .Xr pwd_mkdb 8 ,
117 .Xr user 8
118 .Sh HISTORY
119 The
120 .Nm
121 command appeared in
122 .Bx 4.0 .