kernel/arm: send SIGSEGV to processes

[minix3.git] / sbin / newfs_udf / newfs_udf.c

/* $NetBSD: newfs_udf.c,v 1.18 2013/08/09 15:11:08 reinoud Exp $ */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006, 2008, 2013 Reinoud Zandijk
 * All rights reserved.
 * 
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 * 
 */

/*
 * TODO
 * - implement metadata formatting for BD-R
 * - implement support for a read-only companion partition?
 */

#define _EXPOSE_MMC
#if 0
# define DEBUG
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <util.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <err.h>

#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/cdio.h>
#include <sys/disklabel.h>
#include <sys/dkio.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/queue.h>

#include <fs/udf/ecma167-udf.h>
#include <fs/udf/udf_mount.h>

#include "mountprog.h"
#include "udf_create.h"
#include "udf_write.h"
#include "newfs_udf.h"

/* prototypes */
int newfs_udf(int argc, char **argv);
static void usage(void) __attribute__((__noreturn__));


/* queue for temporary storage of sectors to be written out */
struct wrsect {
        uint64_t  sectornr;
        uint8_t  *sector_data;
        TAILQ_ENTRY(wrsect) next;
};

/* write queue and track blocking skew */
TAILQ_HEAD(wrsect_list, wrsect) write_queue;


/* global variables describing disc and format requests */
int      fd;                            /* device: file descriptor */
char    *dev;                           /* device: name            */
struct mmc_discinfo mmc_discinfo;       /* device: disc info       */

char    *format_str;                    /* format: string representation */
int      format_flags;                  /* format: attribute flags       */
int      media_accesstype;              /* derived from current mmc cap  */
int      check_surface;                 /* for rewritables               */
int      imagefile_secsize;             /* for files                     */
int      emul_packetsize;               /* for discs and files           */

int      wrtrack_skew;
int      meta_perc = UDF_META_PERC;
float    meta_fract = (float) UDF_META_PERC / 100.0;


/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/*
 * write queue implementation
 */

int
udf_write_sector(void *sector, uint64_t location)
{
        struct wrsect *pos, *seekpos;


        /* search location */
        TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(seekpos, &write_queue, wrsect_list, next) {
                if (seekpos->sectornr <= location)
                        break;
        }
        if ((seekpos == NULL) || (seekpos->sectornr != location)) {
                pos = calloc(1, sizeof(struct wrsect));
                if (pos == NULL)
                        return ENOMEM;
                /* allocate space for copy of sector data */
                pos->sector_data = calloc(1, context.sector_size);
                if (pos->sector_data == NULL)
                        return ENOMEM;
                pos->sectornr = location;

                if (seekpos) {
                        TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&write_queue, seekpos, pos, next);
                } else {
                        TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&write_queue, pos, next);
                }       
        } else {
                pos = seekpos;
        }
        memcpy(pos->sector_data, sector, context.sector_size);

        return 0;
}


/*
 * Now all write requests are queued in the TAILQ, write them out to the
 * disc/file image. Special care needs to be taken for devices that are only
 * strict overwritable i.e. only in packet size chunks
 *
 * XXX support for growing vnd?
 */

int
writeout_write_queue(void)
{
        struct wrsect *pos;
        uint64_t offset;
        uint64_t line_start, new_line_start;
        uint32_t line_len, line_offset, relpos;
        uint32_t blockingnr;
        uint8_t *linebuf, *adr;

        blockingnr  = layout.blockingnr;
        line_len    = blockingnr   * context.sector_size;
        line_offset = wrtrack_skew * context.sector_size;

        linebuf     = malloc(line_len);
        if (linebuf == NULL)
                return ENOMEM;

        pos = TAILQ_FIRST(&write_queue);
        bzero(linebuf, line_len);

        /*
         * Always writing out in whole lines now; this is slightly wastefull
         * on logical overwrite volumes but it reduces complexity and the loss
         * is near zero compared to disc size.
         */
        line_start = (pos->sectornr - wrtrack_skew) / blockingnr;
        TAILQ_FOREACH(pos, &write_queue, next) {
                new_line_start = (pos->sectornr - wrtrack_skew) / blockingnr;
                if (new_line_start != line_start) {
                        /* write out */
                        offset = (uint64_t) line_start * line_len + line_offset;
#ifdef DEBUG
                        printf("WRITEOUT %08"PRIu64" + %02d -- "
                                "[%08"PRIu64"..%08"PRIu64"]\n",
                                offset / context.sector_size, blockingnr,
                                offset / context.sector_size,
                                offset / context.sector_size + blockingnr-1);
#endif
                        if (pwrite(fd, linebuf, line_len, offset) < 0) {
                                perror("Writing failed");
                                return errno;
                        }
                        line_start = new_line_start;
                        bzero(linebuf, line_len);
                }

                relpos = (pos->sectornr - wrtrack_skew) % blockingnr;
                adr = linebuf + relpos * context.sector_size;
                memcpy(adr, pos->sector_data, context.sector_size);
        }
        /* writeout last chunk */
        offset = (uint64_t) line_start * line_len + line_offset;
#ifdef DEBUG
        printf("WRITEOUT %08"PRIu64" + %02d -- [%08"PRIu64"..%08"PRIu64"]\n",
                offset / context.sector_size, blockingnr,
                offset / context.sector_size,
                offset / context.sector_size + blockingnr-1);
#endif
        if (pwrite(fd, linebuf, line_len, offset) < 0) {
                perror("Writing failed");
                return errno;
        }

        /* success */
        return 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/*
 * mmc_discinfo and mmc_trackinfo readers modified from origional in udf main
 * code in sys/fs/udf/
 */

#ifdef DEBUG
static void
udf_dump_discinfo(struct mmc_discinfo *di)
{
        char bits[128];

        printf("Device/media info  :\n");
        printf("\tMMC profile        0x%02x\n", di->mmc_profile);
        printf("\tderived class      %d\n", di->mmc_class);
        printf("\tsector size        %d\n", di->sector_size);
        printf("\tdisc state         %d\n", di->disc_state);
        printf("\tlast ses state     %d\n", di->last_session_state);
        printf("\tbg format state    %d\n", di->bg_format_state);
        printf("\tfrst track         %d\n", di->first_track);
        printf("\tfst on last ses    %d\n", di->first_track_last_session);
        printf("\tlst on last ses    %d\n", di->last_track_last_session);
        printf("\tlink block penalty %d\n", di->link_block_penalty);
        snprintb(bits, sizeof(bits), MMC_DFLAGS_FLAGBITS, (uint64_t) di->disc_flags);
        printf("\tdisc flags         %s\n", bits);
        printf("\tdisc id            %x\n", di->disc_id);
        printf("\tdisc barcode       %"PRIx64"\n", di->disc_barcode);

        printf("\tnum sessions       %d\n", di->num_sessions);
        printf("\tnum tracks         %d\n", di->num_tracks);

        snprintb(bits, sizeof(bits), MMC_CAP_FLAGBITS, di->mmc_cur);
        printf("\tcapabilities cur   %s\n", bits);
        snprintb(bits, sizeof(bits), MMC_CAP_FLAGBITS, di->mmc_cap);
        printf("\tcapabilities cap   %s\n", bits);
        printf("\n");
        printf("\tlast_possible_lba  %d\n", di->last_possible_lba);
        printf("\n");
}
#else
#define udf_dump_discinfo(a);
#endif

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */

static int
udf_update_discinfo(struct mmc_discinfo *di)
{
        struct stat st;
        struct disklabel  disklab;
        struct partition *dp;
        off_t size, sectors, secsize;
        int partnr, error;

        memset(di, 0, sizeof(struct mmc_discinfo));

        /* check if we're on a MMC capable device, i.e. CD/DVD */
        error = ioctl(fd, MMCGETDISCINFO, di);
        if (error == 0)
                return 0;

        /* (re)fstat the file */
        fstat(fd, &st);

        if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
                /* file support; we pick the minimum sector size allowed */
                size = st.st_size;
                secsize = imagefile_secsize;
                sectors = size / secsize;
        } else {
                /*
                 * disc partition support; note we can't use DIOCGPART in
                 * userland so get disc label and use the stat info to get the
                 * partition number.
                 */
                if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, &disklab) == -1) {
                        /* failed to get disclabel! */
                        perror("disklabel");
                        return errno;
                }

                /* get disk partition it refers to */
                fstat(fd, &st);
                partnr = DISKPART(st.st_rdev);
                dp = &disklab.d_partitions[partnr];

                /* TODO problem with last_possible_lba on resizable VND */
                if (dp->p_size == 0) {
                        perror("faulty disklabel partition returned, "
                                "check label\n");
                        return EIO;
                }

                sectors = dp->p_size;
                secsize = disklab.d_secsize;
        }

        /* set up a disc info profile for partitions */
        di->mmc_profile         = 0x01; /* disc type */
        di->mmc_class           = MMC_CLASS_DISC;
        di->disc_state          = MMC_STATE_CLOSED;
        di->last_session_state  = MMC_STATE_CLOSED;
        di->bg_format_state     = MMC_BGFSTATE_COMPLETED;
        di->link_block_penalty  = 0;

        di->mmc_cur     = MMC_CAP_RECORDABLE | MMC_CAP_REWRITABLE |
                MMC_CAP_ZEROLINKBLK | MMC_CAP_HW_DEFECTFREE;
        di->mmc_cap    = di->mmc_cur;
        di->disc_flags = MMC_DFLAGS_UNRESTRICTED;

        di->last_possible_lba = sectors - 1;
        di->sector_size       = secsize;

        di->num_sessions = 1;
        di->num_tracks   = 1;

        di->first_track  = 1;
        di->first_track_last_session = di->last_track_last_session = 1;

        return 0;
}


int
udf_update_trackinfo(struct mmc_discinfo *di, struct mmc_trackinfo *ti)
{
        int error, class;

        class = di->mmc_class;
        if (class != MMC_CLASS_DISC) {
                /* tracknr specified in struct ti */
                error = ioctl(fd, MMCGETTRACKINFO, ti);
                return error;
        }

        /* discs partition support */
        if (ti->tracknr != 1)
                return EIO;

        /* create fake ti (TODO check for resized vnds) */
        ti->sessionnr  = 1;

        ti->track_mode = 0;     /* XXX */
        ti->data_mode  = 0;     /* XXX */
        ti->flags = MMC_TRACKINFO_LRA_VALID | MMC_TRACKINFO_NWA_VALID;

        ti->track_start    = 0;
        ti->packet_size    = emul_packetsize;

        /* TODO support for resizable vnd */
        ti->track_size    = di->last_possible_lba;
        ti->next_writable = di->last_possible_lba;
        ti->last_recorded = ti->next_writable;
        ti->free_blocks   = 0;

        return 0;
}


static int
udf_setup_writeparams(struct mmc_discinfo *di)
{
        struct mmc_writeparams mmc_writeparams;
        int error;

        if (di->mmc_class == MMC_CLASS_DISC)
                return 0;

        /*
         * only CD burning normally needs setting up, but other disc types
         * might need other settings to be made. The MMC framework will set up
         * the nessisary recording parameters according to the disc
         * characteristics read in. Modifications can be made in the discinfo
         * structure passed to change the nature of the disc.
         */
        memset(&mmc_writeparams, 0, sizeof(struct mmc_writeparams));
        mmc_writeparams.mmc_class  = di->mmc_class;
        mmc_writeparams.mmc_cur    = di->mmc_cur;

        /*
         * UDF dictates first track to determine track mode for the whole
         * disc. [UDF 1.50/6.10.1.1, UDF 1.50/6.10.2.1]
         * To prevent problems with a `reserved' track in front we start with
         * the 2nd track and if that is not valid, go for the 1st.
         */
        mmc_writeparams.tracknr = 2;
        mmc_writeparams.data_mode  = MMC_DATAMODE_DEFAULT;      /* XA disc */
        mmc_writeparams.track_mode = MMC_TRACKMODE_DEFAULT;     /* data */

        error = ioctl(fd, MMCSETUPWRITEPARAMS, &mmc_writeparams);
        if (error) {
                mmc_writeparams.tracknr = 1;
                error = ioctl(fd, MMCSETUPWRITEPARAMS, &mmc_writeparams);
        }
        return error;
}


static void
udf_synchronise_caches(void)
{
        struct mmc_op mmc_op;

        bzero(&mmc_op, sizeof(struct mmc_op));
        mmc_op.operation = MMC_OP_SYNCHRONISECACHE;

        /* this device might not know this ioct, so just be ignorant */
        (void) ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &mmc_op);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */

static int
udf_prepare_disc(void)
{
        struct mmc_trackinfo ti;
        struct mmc_op        op;
        int tracknr, error;

        /* If the last track is damaged, repair it */
        ti.tracknr = mmc_discinfo.last_track_last_session;
        error = udf_update_trackinfo(&mmc_discinfo, &ti);
        if (error)
                return error;

        if (ti.flags & MMC_TRACKINFO_DAMAGED) {
                /*
                 * Need to repair last track before anything can be done.
                 * this is an optional command, so ignore its error but report
                 * warning.
                 */
                memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
                op.operation   = MMC_OP_REPAIRTRACK;
                op.mmc_profile = mmc_discinfo.mmc_profile;
                op.tracknr     = ti.tracknr;
                error = ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &op);

                if (error)
                        (void)printf("Drive can't explicitly repair last "
                                "damaged track, but it might autorepair\n");
        }
        /* last track (if any) might not be damaged now, operations are ok now */

        /* setup write parameters from discinfo */
        error = udf_setup_writeparams(&mmc_discinfo);
        if (error)
                return error;

        /* if the drive is not sequential, we're done */
        if ((mmc_discinfo.mmc_cur & MMC_CAP_SEQUENTIAL) == 0)
                return 0;

#ifdef notyet
        /* if last track is not the reserved but an empty track, unreserve it */
        if (ti.flags & MMC_TRACKINFO_BLANK) {
                if (ti.flags & MMC_TRACKINFO_RESERVED == 0) {
                        memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
                        op.operation   = MMC_OP_UNRESERVETRACK;
                        op.mmc_profile = mmc_discinfo.mmc_profile;
                        op.tracknr     = ti.tracknr;
                        error = ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &op);
                        if (error)
                                return error;

                        /* update discinfo since it changed by the operation */
                        error = udf_update_discinfo(&mmc_discinfo);
                        if (error)
                                return error;
                }
        }
#endif

        /* close the last session if its still open */
        if (mmc_discinfo.last_session_state == MMC_STATE_INCOMPLETE) {
                printf("Closing last open session if present\n");
                /* close all associated tracks */
                tracknr = mmc_discinfo.first_track_last_session;
                while (tracknr <= mmc_discinfo.last_track_last_session) {
                        ti.tracknr = tracknr;
                        error = udf_update_trackinfo(&mmc_discinfo, &ti);
                        if (error)
                                return error;
                        printf("\tClosing open track %d\n", tracknr);
                        memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
                        op.operation   = MMC_OP_CLOSETRACK;
                        op.mmc_profile = mmc_discinfo.mmc_profile;
                        op.tracknr     = tracknr;
                        error = ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &op);
                        if (error)
                                return error;
                        tracknr ++;
                }
                printf("Closing session\n");
                memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
                op.operation   = MMC_OP_CLOSESESSION;
                op.mmc_profile = mmc_discinfo.mmc_profile;
                op.sessionnr   = mmc_discinfo.num_sessions;
                error = ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &op);
                if (error)
                        return error;

                /* update discinfo since it changed by the operations */
                error = udf_update_discinfo(&mmc_discinfo);
                if (error)
                        return error;
        }

        if (format_flags & FORMAT_TRACK512) {
                /* get last track again */
                ti.tracknr = mmc_discinfo.last_track_last_session;
                error = udf_update_trackinfo(&mmc_discinfo, &ti);
                if (error)
                        return error;

                /* Split up the space at 512 for iso cd9660 hooking */
                memset(&op, 0, sizeof(op));
                op.operation   = MMC_OP_RESERVETRACK_NWA;       /* UPTO nwa */
                op.mmc_profile = mmc_discinfo.mmc_profile;
                op.extent      = 512;                           /* size */
                error = ioctl(fd, MMCOP, &op);
                if (error)
                        return error;
        }

        return 0;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */

int
udf_surface_check(void)
{
        uint32_t loc, block_bytes;
        uint32_t sector_size, blockingnr, bpos;
        uint8_t *buffer;
        int error, num_errors;

        sector_size = context.sector_size;
        blockingnr  = layout.blockingnr;

        block_bytes = layout.blockingnr * sector_size;
        if ((buffer = malloc(block_bytes)) == NULL)
                return ENOMEM;

        /* set all one to not kill Flash memory? */
        for (bpos = 0; bpos < block_bytes; bpos++)
                buffer[bpos] = 0x00;

        printf("\nChecking disc surface : phase 1 - writing\n");
        num_errors = 0;
        loc = layout.first_lba;
        while (loc <= layout.last_lba) {
                /* write blockingnr sectors */
                error = pwrite(fd, buffer, block_bytes, loc*sector_size);
                printf("   %08d + %d (%02d %%)\r", loc, blockingnr,
                        (int)((100.0 * loc)/layout.last_lba));
                fflush(stdout);
                if (error == -1) {
                        /* block is bad */
                        printf("BAD block at %08d + %d         \n",
                                loc, layout.blockingnr);
                        if ((error = udf_register_bad_block(loc))) {
                                free(buffer);
                                return error;
                        }
                        num_errors ++;
                }
                loc += layout.blockingnr;
        }

        printf("\nChecking disc surface : phase 2 - reading\n");
        num_errors = 0;
        loc = layout.first_lba;
        while (loc <= layout.last_lba) {
                /* read blockingnr sectors */
                error = pread(fd, buffer, block_bytes, loc*sector_size);
                printf("   %08d + %d (%02d %%)\r", loc, blockingnr,
                        (int)((100.0 * loc)/layout.last_lba));
                fflush(stdout);
                if (error == -1) {
                        /* block is bad */
                        printf("BAD block at %08d + %d         \n",
                                loc, layout.blockingnr);
                        if ((error = udf_register_bad_block(loc))) {
                                free(buffer);
                                return error;
                        }
                        num_errors ++;
                }
                loc += layout.blockingnr;
        }
        printf("Scan complete : %d bad blocks found\n", num_errors);
        free(buffer);

        return 0;
}


/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */

static int
udf_do_newfs(void)
{
        int error;

        error = udf_do_newfs_prefix();
        if (error)
                return error;
        error = udf_do_rootdir();
        if (error)
                return error;
        error = udf_do_newfs_postfix();

        return error;
}



/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */

static void
usage(void)
{
        (void)fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-cFM] [-L loglabel] "
            "[-P discid] [-S sectorsize] [-s size] [-p perc] "
            "[-t gmtoff] [-v min_udf] [-V max_udf] special\n", getprogname());
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}


int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
        struct tm *tm;
        struct stat st;
        time_t now;
        off_t setsize;
        char  scrap[255], *colon;
        int ch, req_enable, req_disable, force;
        int error;

        setprogname(argv[0]);

        /* initialise */
        format_str    = strdup("");
        req_enable    = req_disable = 0;
        format_flags  = FORMAT_INVALID;
        force         = 0;
        check_surface = 0;
        setsize       = 0;
        imagefile_secsize = 512;        /* minimum allowed sector size */
        emul_packetsize   = 32;         /* reasonable default */

        srandom((unsigned long) time(NULL));
        udf_init_create_context();
        context.app_name         = "*NetBSD newfs";
        context.app_version_main = APP_VERSION_MAIN;
        context.app_version_sub  = APP_VERSION_SUB;
        context.impl_name        = IMPL_NAME;

        /* minimum and maximum UDF versions we advise */
        context.min_udf = 0x201;
        context.max_udf = 0x201;

        /* use user's time zone as default */
        (void)time(&now);
        tm = localtime(&now);
        context.gmtoff = tm->tm_gmtoff;

        /* process options */
        while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "cFL:Mp:P:s:S:B:t:v:V:")) != -1) {
                switch (ch) {
                case 'c' :
                        check_surface = 1;
                        break;
                case 'F' :
                        force = 1;
                        break;
                case 'L' :
                        if (context.logvol_name) free(context.logvol_name);
                        context.logvol_name = strdup(optarg);
                        break;
                case 'M' :
                        req_disable |= FORMAT_META;
                        break;
                case 'p' :
                        meta_perc = a_num(optarg, "meta_perc");
                        /* limit to `sensible` values */
                        meta_perc = MIN(meta_perc, 99);
                        meta_perc = MAX(meta_perc, 1);
                        meta_fract = (float) meta_perc/100.0;
                        break;
                case 'v' :
                        context.min_udf = a_udf_version(optarg, "min_udf");
                        if (context.min_udf > context.max_udf)
                                context.max_udf = context.min_udf;
                        break;
                case 'V' :
                        context.max_udf = a_udf_version(optarg, "max_udf");
                        if (context.min_udf > context.max_udf)
                                context.min_udf = context.max_udf;
                        break;
                case 'P' :
                        /* check if there is a ':' in the name */
                        if ((colon = strstr(optarg, ":"))) {
                                if (context.volset_name)
                                        free(context.volset_name);
                                *colon = 0;
                                context.volset_name = strdup(optarg);
                                optarg = colon+1;
                        }
                        if (context.primary_name)
                                free(context.primary_name);
                        if ((strstr(optarg, ":"))) {
                                perror("primary name can't have ':' in its name");
                                return EXIT_FAILURE;
                        }
                        context.primary_name = strdup(optarg);
                        break;
                case 's' :
                        /* support for files, set file size */
                        /* XXX support for formatting recordables on vnd/file? */
                        if (dehumanize_number(optarg, &setsize) < 0) {
                                perror("can't parse size argument");
                                return EXIT_FAILURE;
                        }
                        setsize = MAX(0, setsize);
                        break;
                case 'S' :
                        imagefile_secsize = a_num(optarg, "secsize");
                        imagefile_secsize = MAX(512, imagefile_secsize);
                        break;
                case 'B' :
                        emul_packetsize = a_num(optarg,
                                "blockingnr, packetsize");
                        emul_packetsize = MAX(emul_packetsize, 1);
                        emul_packetsize = MIN(emul_packetsize, 32);
                        break;
                case 't' :
                        /* time zone overide */
                        context.gmtoff = a_num(optarg, "gmtoff");
                        break;
                default  :
                        usage();
                        /* NOTREACHED */
                }
        }

        if (optind + 1 != argc)
                usage();

        /* get device and directory specifier */
        dev = argv[optind];

        /* open device */
        if ((fd = open(dev, O_RDWR, 0)) == -1) {
                /* check if we need to create a file */
                fd = open(dev, O_RDONLY, 0);
                if (fd > 0) {
                        perror("device is there but can't be opened for read/write");
                        return EXIT_FAILURE;
                }
                if (!force) {
                        perror("can't open device");
                        return EXIT_FAILURE;
                }
                if (setsize == 0) {
                        perror("need to create image file but no size specified");
                        return EXIT_FAILURE;
                }
                /* need to create a file */
                fd = open(dev, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0777);
                if (fd == -1) {
                        perror("can't create image file");
                        return EXIT_FAILURE;
                }
        }

        /* stat the device */
        if (fstat(fd, &st) != 0) {
                perror("can't stat the device");
                close(fd);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
                if (setsize == 0)
                        setsize = st.st_size;
                /* sanitise arguments */
                imagefile_secsize &= ~511;
                setsize &= ~(imagefile_secsize-1);

                if (ftruncate(fd, setsize)) {
                        perror("can't resize file");
                        return EXIT_FAILURE;
                }
        }

        /* formatting can only be done on raw devices */
        if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && !S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
                printf("%s is not a raw device\n", dev);
                close(fd);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        /* just in case something went wrong, synchronise the drive's cache */
        udf_synchronise_caches();

        /* get 'disc' information */
        error = udf_update_discinfo(&mmc_discinfo);
        if (error) {
                perror("can't retrieve discinfo");
                close(fd);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        /* derive disc identifiers when not specified and check given */
        error = udf_proces_names();
        if (error) {
                /* error message has been printed */
                close(fd);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        /* derive newfs disc format from disc profile */
        error = udf_derive_format(req_enable, req_disable, force);
        if (error)  {
                /* error message has been printed */
                close(fd);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        udf_dump_discinfo(&mmc_discinfo);
        printf("Formatting disc compatible with UDF version %x to %x\n\n",
                context.min_udf, context.max_udf);
        (void)snprintb(scrap, sizeof(scrap), FORMAT_FLAGBITS,
            (uint64_t) format_flags);
        printf("UDF properties       %s\n", scrap);
        printf("Volume set          `%s'\n", context.volset_name);
        printf("Primary volume      `%s`\n", context.primary_name);
        printf("Logical volume      `%s`\n", context.logvol_name);
        if (format_flags & FORMAT_META)
                printf("Metadata percentage  %d %%\n", meta_perc);
        printf("\n");

        /* prepare disc if nessisary (recordables mainly) */
        error = udf_prepare_disc();
        if (error) {
                perror("preparing disc failed");
                close(fd);
                return EXIT_FAILURE;
        };

        /* setup sector writeout queue's */
        TAILQ_INIT(&write_queue);

        /* perform the newfs itself */
        error = udf_do_newfs();
        if (!error) {
                /* write out sectors */
                error = writeout_write_queue();
        }

        /* in any case, synchronise the drive's cache to prevent lockups */
        udf_synchronise_caches();

        close(fd);
        if (error)
                return EXIT_FAILURE;

        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */