1 .\" $NetBSD: sha2.3,v 1.5 2009/05/26 08:04:12 joerg Exp $
2 .\" $OpenBSD: sha2.3,v 1.11 2004/06/22 01:57:29 jfb Exp $
4 .\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2004 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
6 .\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
7 .\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
8 .\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
10 .\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
11 .\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
12 .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
13 .\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
14 .\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
15 .\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
16 .\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
18 .\" Sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects
19 .\" Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force
20 .\" Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512.
22 .\" See http://www.nist.gov/sha/ for the detailed standard
32 .Nm SHA256_Transform ,
35 .Nm SHA256_FileChunk ,
37 .Nd calculate the NIST Secure Hash Standard (version 2)
42 .Fn SHA224_Init "SHA224_CTX *context"
44 .Fn SHA224_Update "SHA224_CTX *context" "const uint8_t *data" "size_t len"
46 .Fn SHA224_Pad "SHA224_CTX *context"
48 .Fn SHA224_Final "uint8_t digest[SHA224_DIGEST_LENGTH]" "SHA224_CTX *context"
50 .Fn SHA224_Transform "uint32_t state[8]" "const uint8_t buffer[SHA224_BLOCK_LENGTH]"
52 .Fn SHA224_End "SHA224_CTX *context" "char *buf"
54 .Fn SHA224_File "const char *filename" "char *buf"
56 .Fn SHA224_FileChunk "const char *filename" "char *buf" "off_t offset" "off_t length"
58 .Fn SHA224_Data "uint8_t *data" "size_t len" "char *buf"
60 .Fn SHA256_Init "SHA256_CTX *context"
62 .Fn SHA256_Update "SHA256_CTX *context" "const uint8_t *data" "size_t len"
64 .Fn SHA256_Pad "SHA256_CTX *context"
66 .Fn SHA256_Final "uint8_t digest[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH]" "SHA256_CTX *context"
68 .Fn SHA256_Transform "uint32_t state[8]" "const uint8_t buffer[SHA256_BLOCK_LENGTH]"
70 .Fn SHA256_End "SHA256_CTX *context" "char *buf"
72 .Fn SHA256_File "const char *filename" "char *buf"
74 .Fn SHA256_FileChunk "const char *filename" "char *buf" "off_t offset" "off_t length"
76 .Fn SHA256_Data "uint8_t *data" "size_t len" "char *buf"
78 .Fn SHA384_Init "SHA384_CTX *context"
80 .Fn SHA384_Update "SHA384_CTX *context" "const uint8_t *data" "size_t len"
82 .Fn SHA384_Pad "SHA384_CTX *context"
84 .Fn SHA384_Final "uint8_t digest[SHA384_DIGEST_LENGTH]" "SHA384_CTX *context"
86 .Fn SHA384_Transform "uint64_t state[8]" "const uint8_t buffer[SHA384_BLOCK_LENGTH]"
88 .Fn SHA384_End "SHA384_CTX *context" "char *buf"
90 .Fn SHA384_File "char *filename" "char *buf"
92 .Fn SHA384_FileChunk "char *filename" "char *buf" "off_t offset" "off_t length"
94 .Fn SHA384_Data "uint8_t *data" "size_t len" "char *buf"
96 .Fn SHA512_Init "SHA512_CTX *context"
98 .Fn SHA512_Update "SHA512_CTX *context" "const uint8_t *data" "size_t len"
100 .Fn SHA512_Pad "SHA512_CTX *context"
102 .Fn SHA512_Final "uint8_t digest[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH]" "SHA512_CTX *context"
104 .Fn SHA512_Transform "uint64_t state[8]" "const uint8_t buffer[SHA512_BLOCK_LENGTH]"
106 .Fn SHA512_End "SHA512_CTX *context" "char *buf"
108 .Fn SHA512_File "char *filename" "char *buf"
110 .Fn SHA512_FileChunk "char *filename" "char *buf" "off_t offset" "off_t length"
112 .Fn SHA512_Data "uint8_t *data" "size_t len" "char *buf"
114 The SHA2 functions implement the NIST Secure Hash Standard,
116 The SHA2 functions are used to generate a condensed representation of a
117 message called a message digest, suitable for use as a digital signature.
118 There are four families of functions, with names corresponding to
119 the number of bits in the resulting message digest.
120 The SHA-224 and SHA-256 functions are limited to processing a message of less
121 than 2^64 bits as input.
122 The SHA-384 and SHA-512 functions can process a message of at most 2^128 - 1
125 The SHA2 functions are considered to be more secure than the
127 functions with which they share a similar interface.
128 The 224, 256, 384, and 512-bit versions of SHA2 share the same interface.
129 For brevity, only the 256-bit variants are described below.
133 function initializes a SHA256_CTX
145 to the SHA256_CTX specified by
148 is called when all data has been added via
150 and stores a message digest in the
156 function can be used to apply padding to the message digest as in
158 but the current context can still be used with
165 to hash 512-bit blocks and forms the core of the algorithm.
166 Most programs should use the interface provided by
177 function is a front end for
179 which converts the digest into an
181 representation of the digest in hexadecimal.
185 function calculates the digest for a file and returns the result via
189 is unable to open the file, a
196 but calculates the digest only for that portion of the file starting at
200 bytes or until end of file is reached, whichever comes first.
203 can be specified to read until end of file.
213 calculates the digest of an arbitrary string and returns the result via
219 .Fn SHA256_FileChunk ,
224 parameter should either be a string large enough to hold the resulting digest
226 .Ev SHA224_DIGEST_STRING_LENGTH ,
227 .Ev SHA256_DIGEST_STRING_LENGTH ,
228 .Ev SHA384_DIGEST_STRING_LENGTH ,
230 .Ev SHA512_DIGEST_STRING_LENGTH ,
231 depending on the function being used)
235 In the latter case, space will be dynamically allocated via
237 and should be freed using
239 when it is no longer needed.
241 The following code fragment will calculate the SHA-256 digest for the string
244 .Dq 0xba7816bf8f01cfea414140de5dae2223b00361a396177a9cb410ff61f20015ad .
245 .Bd -literal -offset indent
247 uint8_t results[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
253 SHA256_Init(\*[Am]ctx);
254 SHA256_Update(\*[Am]ctx, (uint8_t *)buf, n);
255 SHA256_Final(results, \*[Am]ctx);
257 /* Print the digest as one long hex value */
259 for (n = 0; n \*[Lt] SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH; n++)
260 printf("%02x", results[n]);
264 Alternately, the helper functions could be used in the following way:
265 .Bd -literal -offset indent
267 uint8_t output[SHA256_DIGEST_STRING_LENGTH];
270 printf("0x%s\en", SHA256_Data(buf, strlen(buf), output));
279 .%T Secure Hash Standard
283 The SHA2 functions appeared in
288 This implementation of the SHA functions was written by Aaron D. Gifford.
293 .Fn SHA256_FileChunk ,
296 helper functions are derived from code written by Poul-Henning Kamp.
298 This implementation of the Secure Hash Standard has not been validated by
299 NIST and as such is not in official compliance with the standard.
301 If a message digest is to be copied to a multi-byte type (i.e.:
302 an array of five 32-bit integers) it will be necessary to
303 perform byte swapping on little endian machines such as the i386, alpha,