make vfs & filesystems use failable copying

[minix3.git] / servers / vfs / exec.c

/* This file handles the EXEC system call.  It performs the work as follows:
 *    - see if the permissions allow the file to be executed
 *    - read the header and extract the sizes
 *    - fetch the initial args and environment from the user space
 *    - allocate the memory for the new process
 *    - copy the initial stack from PM to the process
 *    - read in the text and data segments and copy to the process
 *    - take care of setuid and setgid bits
 *    - fix up 'mproc' table
 *    - tell kernel about EXEC
 *    - save offset to initial argc (for ps)
 *
 * The entry points into this file are:
 *   pm_exec:    perform the EXEC system call
 */

#include "fs.h"
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <minix/callnr.h>
#include <minix/endpoint.h>
#include <minix/com.h>
#include <minix/u64.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/dirent.h>
#include <sys/exec.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include "path.h"
#include "vnode.h"
#include "file.h"
#include <minix/vfsif.h>
#include <machine/vmparam.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define _KERNEL /* for ELF_AUX_ENTRIES */
#include <libexec.h>

/* fields only used by elf and in VFS */
struct vfs_exec_info {
    struct exec_info args;              /* libexec exec args */
    struct vnode *vp;                   /* Exec file's vnode */
    struct vmnt *vmp;                   /* Exec file's vmnt */
    struct stat sb;                     /* Exec file's stat structure */
    int userflags;                      /* exec() flags from userland */
    int is_dyn;                         /* Dynamically linked executable */
    int elf_main_fd;                    /* Dyn: FD of main program execuatble */
    char execname[PATH_MAX];            /* Full executable invocation */
    int vmfd;
    int vmfd_used;
};

static int patch_stack(struct vnode *vp, char stack[ARG_MAX],
        size_t *stk_bytes, char path[PATH_MAX], vir_bytes *vsp);
static int is_script(struct vfs_exec_info *execi);
static int insert_arg(char stack[ARG_MAX], size_t *stk_bytes, char *arg,
        vir_bytes *vsp, char replace);
static void clo_exec(struct fproc *rfp);
static int stack_prepare_elf(struct vfs_exec_info *execi,
        char *curstack, size_t *frame_len, vir_bytes *vsp);
static int map_header(struct vfs_exec_info *execi);
static int read_seg(struct exec_info *execi, off_t off, vir_bytes seg_addr, size_t seg_bytes);

#define PTRSIZE sizeof(char *) /* Size of pointers in argv[] and envp[]. */

/* Array of loaders for different object file formats */
typedef int (*exechook_t)(struct vfs_exec_info *execpackage);
typedef int (*stackhook_t)(struct vfs_exec_info *execi, char *curstack,
        size_t *frame_len, vir_bytes *vsp);
struct exec_loaders {
        libexec_exec_loadfunc_t load_object;     /* load executable into memory */
        stackhook_t setup_stack; /* prepare stack before argc and argv push */
};

static const struct exec_loaders exec_loaders[] = {
        { libexec_load_elf,  stack_prepare_elf },
        { NULL, NULL }
};

#define lock_exec() lock_proc(fproc_addr(VM_PROC_NR))
#define unlock_exec() unlock_proc(fproc_addr(VM_PROC_NR))

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              get_read_vp                                  *
 *===========================================================================*/
static int get_read_vp(struct vfs_exec_info *execi,
  char *fullpath, int copyprogname, int sugid, struct lookup *resolve, struct fproc *fp)
{
/* Make the executable that we want to exec() into the binary pointed
 * to by 'fullpath.' This function fills in necessary details in the execi
 * structure, such as opened vnode. It unlocks and releases the vnode if
 * it was already there. This makes it easy to change the executable
 * during the exec(), which is often necessary, by calling this function
 * more than once. This is specifically necessary when we discover the
 * executable is actually a script or a dynamically linked executable.
 */
        int r;

        /* Caller wants to switch vp to the file in 'fullpath.'
         * unlock and put it first if there is any there.
         */
        if(execi->vp) {
                unlock_vnode(execi->vp);
                put_vnode(execi->vp);
                execi->vp = NULL;
        }

        /* Remember/overwrite the executable name if requested. */
        if(copyprogname) {
                char *cp = strrchr(fullpath, '/');
                if(cp) cp++;
                else cp = fullpath;
                strlcpy(execi->args.progname, cp, sizeof(execi->args.progname));
                execi->args.progname[sizeof(execi->args.progname)-1] = '\0';
        }

        /* Open executable */
        if ((execi->vp = eat_path(resolve, fp)) == NULL)
                return err_code;

        unlock_vmnt(execi->vmp);

        if (!S_ISREG(execi->vp->v_mode))
                return ENOEXEC;
        else if ((r = forbidden(fp, execi->vp, X_BIT)) != OK)
                return r;
        else
                r = req_stat(execi->vp->v_fs_e, execi->vp->v_inode_nr,
                        VFS_PROC_NR, (vir_bytes) &(execi->sb));

        if (r != OK) return r;

        /* If caller wants us to, honour suid/guid mode bits. */
        if (sugid) {
                /* Deal with setuid/setgid executables */
                if (execi->vp->v_mode & I_SET_UID_BIT) {
                        execi->args.new_uid = execi->vp->v_uid;
                        execi->args.allow_setuid = 1;
                }
                if (execi->vp->v_mode & I_SET_GID_BIT) {
                        execi->args.new_gid = execi->vp->v_gid;
                        execi->args.allow_setuid = 1;
                }
        }

        /* Read in first chunk of file. */
        if((r=map_header(execi)) != OK)
                return r;

        return OK;
}

#define FAILCHECK(expr) if((r=(expr)) != OK) { goto pm_execfinal; } while(0)
#define Get_read_vp(e,f,p,s,rs,fp) do { \
        r=get_read_vp(&e,f,p,s,rs,fp); if(r != OK) { FAILCHECK(r); }    \
        } while(0)

static int vfs_memmap(struct exec_info *execi,
        vir_bytes vaddr, vir_bytes len, vir_bytes foffset, u16_t clearend,
        int protflags)
{
        struct vfs_exec_info *vi = (struct vfs_exec_info *) execi->opaque;
        struct vnode *vp = ((struct vfs_exec_info *) execi->opaque)->vp;
        int r;
        u16_t flags = 0;

        if(protflags & PROT_WRITE)
                flags |= MVM_WRITABLE;

        r = minix_vfs_mmap(execi->proc_e, foffset, len,
                vp->v_dev, vp->v_inode_nr, vi->vmfd, vaddr, clearend, flags);
        if(r == OK) {
                vi->vmfd_used = 1;
        }

        return r;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              pm_exec                                      *
 *===========================================================================*/
int pm_exec(vir_bytes path, size_t path_len, vir_bytes frame, size_t frame_len,
        vir_bytes *pc, vir_bytes *newsp, vir_bytes *UNUSED(ps_str))
{
/* Perform the execve(name, argv, envp) call.  The user library builds a
 * complete stack image, including pointers, args, environ, etc.  The stack
 * is copied to a buffer inside VFS, and then to the new core image.
 *
 * ps_str is not currently used, but may be if the ps_strings structure has to
 * be moved to another location.
 */
  int r;
  vir_bytes vsp;
  static char mbuf[ARG_MAX];    /* buffer for stack and zeroes */
  struct vfs_exec_info execi;
  int i;
  static char fullpath[PATH_MAX],
        elf_interpreter[PATH_MAX],
        firstexec[PATH_MAX],
        finalexec[PATH_MAX];
  struct lookup resolve;
  struct fproc *vmfp = fproc_addr(VM_PROC_NR);
  stackhook_t makestack = NULL;
  struct filp *newfilp = NULL;

  lock_exec();

  /* unset execi values are 0. */
  memset(&execi, 0, sizeof(execi));
  execi.vmfd = -1;

  /* passed from exec() libc code */
  execi.userflags = 0;
  execi.args.stack_high = kinfo.user_sp;
  execi.args.stack_size = DEFAULT_STACK_LIMIT;

  fp->text_size = 0;
  fp->data_size = 0;

  lookup_init(&resolve, fullpath, PATH_NOFLAGS, &execi.vmp, &execi.vp);

  resolve.l_vmnt_lock = VMNT_READ;
  resolve.l_vnode_lock = VNODE_READ;

  /* Fetch the stack from the user before destroying the old core image. */
  if (frame_len > ARG_MAX)
        FAILCHECK(ENOMEM); /* stack too big */

  r = sys_datacopy_wrapper(fp->fp_endpoint, (vir_bytes) frame, SELF, (vir_bytes) mbuf,
                   (size_t) frame_len);
  if (r != OK) { /* can't fetch stack (e.g. bad virtual addr) */
        printf("VFS: pm_exec: sys_datacopy failed\n");
        FAILCHECK(r);
  }

  /* Compute the current virtual stack pointer, has to be done before calling
   * patch_stack, which needs it, and will adapt as required. */
  vsp = execi.args.stack_high - frame_len;

  /* The default is to keep the original user and group IDs */
  execi.args.new_uid = fp->fp_effuid;
  execi.args.new_gid = fp->fp_effgid;

  /* Get the exec file name. */
  FAILCHECK(fetch_name(path, path_len, fullpath));
  strlcpy(finalexec, fullpath, PATH_MAX);
  strlcpy(firstexec, fullpath, PATH_MAX);

  /* Get_read_vp will return an opened vn in execi.
   * if necessary it releases the existing vp so we can
   * switch after we find out what's inside the file.
   * It reads the start of the file.
   */
  Get_read_vp(execi, fullpath, 1, 1, &resolve, fp);

  /* If this is a script (i.e. has a #!/interpreter line),
   * retrieve the name of the interpreter and open that
   * executable instead.
   */
  if(is_script(&execi)) {
        /* patch_stack will add interpreter name and
         * args to stack and retrieve the new binary
         * name into fullpath.
         */
        FAILCHECK(fetch_name(path, path_len, fullpath));
        FAILCHECK(patch_stack(execi.vp, mbuf, &frame_len, fullpath, &vsp));

        strlcpy(finalexec, fullpath, PATH_MAX);
        strlcpy(firstexec, fullpath, PATH_MAX);
        Get_read_vp(execi, fullpath, 1, 0, &resolve, fp);
  }

  /* If this is a dynamically linked executable, retrieve
   * the name of that interpreter in elf_interpreter and open that
   * executable instead. But open the current executable in an
   * fd for the current process.
   */
  if(elf_has_interpreter(execi.args.hdr, execi.args.hdr_len,
        elf_interpreter, sizeof(elf_interpreter))) {
        /* Switch the executable vnode to the interpreter */
        execi.is_dyn = 1;

        /* The interpreter (loader) needs an fd to the main program,
         * which is currently in finalexec
         */
        if((r = execi.elf_main_fd = common_open(finalexec, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0) {
                printf("VFS: exec: dynamic: open main exec failed %s (%d)\n",
                        fullpath, r);
                FAILCHECK(r);
        }

        /* ld.so is linked at 0, but it can relocate itself; we
         * want it higher to trap NULL pointer dereferences. 
         * Let's put it below the stack, and reserve 10MB for ld.so.
         */
        execi.args.load_offset =
                 execi.args.stack_high - execi.args.stack_size - 0xa00000;

        /* Remember it */
        strlcpy(execi.execname, finalexec, PATH_MAX);

        /* The executable we need to execute first (loader)
         * is in elf_interpreter, and has to be in fullpath to
         * be looked up
         */
        strlcpy(fullpath, elf_interpreter, PATH_MAX);
        strlcpy(firstexec, elf_interpreter, PATH_MAX);
        Get_read_vp(execi, fullpath, 0, 0, &resolve, fp);
  }

  /* We also want an FD for VM to mmap() the process in if possible. */
  {
        struct vnode *vp = execi.vp;
        assert(vp);
        if ((vp->v_vmnt->m_fs_flags & RES_HASPEEK) &&
                        major(vp->v_dev) != MEMORY_MAJOR) {
                int newfd = -1;
                if(get_fd(vmfp, 0, R_BIT, &newfd, &newfilp) == OK) {
                        assert(newfd >= 0 && newfd < OPEN_MAX);
                        assert(!vmfp->fp_filp[newfd]);
                        newfilp->filp_count = 1;
                        newfilp->filp_vno = vp;
                        newfilp->filp_flags = O_RDONLY;
                        vmfp->fp_filp[newfd] = newfilp;
                        /* dup_vnode(vp); */
                        execi.vmfd = newfd;
                        execi.args.memmap = vfs_memmap;
                }
        }
  }

  /* callback functions and data */
  execi.args.copymem = read_seg;
  execi.args.clearproc = libexec_clearproc_vm_procctl;
  execi.args.clearmem = libexec_clear_sys_memset;
  execi.args.allocmem_prealloc_cleared = libexec_alloc_mmap_prealloc_cleared;
  execi.args.allocmem_prealloc_junk = libexec_alloc_mmap_prealloc_junk;
  execi.args.allocmem_ondemand = libexec_alloc_mmap_ondemand;
  execi.args.opaque = &execi;

  execi.args.proc_e = fp->fp_endpoint;
  execi.args.frame_len = frame_len;
  execi.args.filesize = execi.vp->v_size;

  for (i = 0; exec_loaders[i].load_object != NULL; i++) {
      r = (*exec_loaders[i].load_object)(&execi.args);
      /* Loaded successfully, so no need to try other loaders */
      if (r == OK) { makestack = exec_loaders[i].setup_stack; break; }
  }

  FAILCHECK(r);

  /* Inform PM */
  FAILCHECK(libexec_pm_newexec(fp->fp_endpoint, &execi.args));

  /* Save off PC */
  *pc = execi.args.pc;

  /* call a stack-setup function if this executable type wants it */
  if(makestack) FAILCHECK(makestack(&execi, mbuf, &frame_len, &vsp));

  /* Copy the stack from VFS to new core image. */
  FAILCHECK(sys_datacopy_wrapper(SELF, (vir_bytes) mbuf, fp->fp_endpoint,
        (vir_bytes) vsp, (phys_bytes)frame_len));

  /* Return new stack pointer to caller */
  *newsp = vsp;

  clo_exec(fp);

  if (execi.args.allow_setuid) {
        /* If after loading the image we're still allowed to run with
         * setuid or setgid, change credentials now */
        fp->fp_effuid = execi.args.new_uid;
        fp->fp_effgid = execi.args.new_gid;
  }

  /* Remember the new name of the process */
  strlcpy(fp->fp_name, execi.args.progname, PROC_NAME_LEN);
  fp->text_size = execi.args.text_size;
  fp->data_size = execi.args.data_size;

pm_execfinal:
  if(newfilp) unlock_filp(newfilp);
  else if (execi.vp != NULL) {
        unlock_vnode(execi.vp);
        put_vnode(execi.vp);
  }

  if(execi.vmfd >= 0 && !execi.vmfd_used) {
        if(OK != close_fd(vmfp, execi.vmfd)) {
                printf("VFS: unexpected close fail of vm fd\n");
        }
  }

  unlock_exec();

  return(r);
}

/* This is a copy-paste of the same macro in libc/sys-minix/stack_utils.c. Keep it
 * synchronized. */
#define STACK_MIN_SZ \
( \
       sizeof(int) + sizeof(void *) * 2 + \
       sizeof(AuxInfo) * PMEF_AUXVECTORS + PMEF_EXECNAMELEN1 + \
       sizeof(struct ps_strings) \
)

static int stack_prepare_elf(struct vfs_exec_info *execi, char *frame, size_t *frame_size,
        vir_bytes *vsp)
{
        AuxInfo *aux_vec, *aux_vec_end;
        vir_bytes vap; /* Address in proc space of the first AuxVec. */
        Elf_Ehdr const * const elf_header = (Elf_Ehdr *) execi->args.hdr;
        struct ps_strings const * const psp = (struct ps_strings *)
                (frame + (*frame_size - sizeof(struct ps_strings)));

        size_t const execname_len = strlen(execi->execname);

        if (!execi->is_dyn)
                return OK;

        if (execi->args.hdr_len < sizeof(*elf_header)) {
                printf("VFS: malformed ELF headers for exec\n");
                return ENOEXEC;
        }

        if (*frame_size < STACK_MIN_SZ) {
                printf("VFS: malformed stack for exec(), smaller than minimum"
                        " possible size.\n");
                return ENOEXEC;
        }

        /* Find first Aux vector in the stack frame. */ 
        vap = (vir_bytes)(psp->ps_envstr + (psp->ps_nenvstr + 1));
        aux_vec = (AuxInfo *) (frame + (vap - *vsp));
        aux_vec_end = aux_vec + PMEF_AUXVECTORS;

        if (((char *)aux_vec < frame) || 
                ((char *)aux_vec > (frame + *frame_size))) {
                printf("VFS: malformed stack for exec(), first AuxVector is"
                       " not on the stack.\n");
                return ENOEXEC;
        }

        if (((char *)aux_vec_end < frame) ||
                ((char *)aux_vec_end > (frame + *frame_size))) {
                printf("VFS: malformed stack for exec(), last AuxVector is"
                       " not on the stack.\n");
                return ENOEXEC;
        }

        /* Userland provides a fully filled stack frame, with argc, argv, envp
         * and then all the argv and envp strings; consistent with ELF ABI,
         * except for a list of Aux vectors that should be between envp points
         * and the start of the strings.
         *
         * It would take some very unpleasant hackery to insert the aux vectors
         * before the strings, and correct all the pointers, so the exec code
         * in libc makes space for us.
         */

#define AUXINFO(a, type, value) \
        do { \
                if (a < aux_vec_end) { \
                        a->a_type = type; \
                        a->a_v = value; \
                        a++; \
                } else { \
                        printf("VFS: No more room for ELF AuxVec type %d, skipping it for %s\n", type, execi->execname); \
                        (aux_vec_end - 1)->a_type = AT_NULL; \
                        (aux_vec_end - 1)->a_v = 0; \
                } \
        } while(0)

        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_BASE, execi->args.load_base);
        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_ENTRY, execi->args.pc);
        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_EXECFD, execi->elf_main_fd);
#if 0
        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_PHDR, XXX ); /* should be &phdr[0] */
        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_PHENT, elf_header->e_phentsize);
        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_PHNUM, elf_header->e_phnum);

        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_RUID, XXX);
        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_RGID, XXX);
#endif
        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_EUID, execi->args.new_uid);
        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_EGID, execi->args.new_gid);
        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_PAGESZ, PAGE_SIZE);

        if(execname_len < PMEF_EXECNAMELEN1) {
                char *spacestart;
                vir_bytes userp;

                /* Empty space starts after aux_vec table; we can put the name
                 * here. */
                spacestart = (char *) aux_vec + 2 * sizeof(AuxInfo);
                strlcpy(spacestart, execi->execname, PMEF_EXECNAMELEN1);
                memset(spacestart + execname_len, '\0',
                        PMEF_EXECNAMELEN1 - execname_len);

                /* What will the address of the string for the user be */
                userp = *vsp + (spacestart - frame);

                /* Move back to where the AT_NULL is */
                AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_SUN_EXECNAME, userp);
        }

        /* Always terminate with AT_NULL */
        AUXINFO(aux_vec, AT_NULL, 0);

        return OK;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              is_script                                    *
 *===========================================================================*/
static int is_script(struct vfs_exec_info *execi)
{
/* Is Interpreted script? */
  assert(execi->args.hdr != NULL);

  return(execi->args.hdr[0] == '#' && execi->args.hdr[1] == '!'
        && execi->args.hdr_len >= 2);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              patch_stack                                  *
 *===========================================================================*/
static int patch_stack(vp, stack, stk_bytes, path, vsp)
struct vnode *vp;               /* pointer for open script file */
char stack[ARG_MAX];            /* pointer to stack image within VFS */
size_t *stk_bytes;              /* size of initial stack */
char path[PATH_MAX];            /* path to script file */
vir_bytes *vsp;
{
/* Patch the argument vector to include the path name of the script to be
 * interpreted, and all strings on the #! line.  Returns the path name of
 * the interpreter.
 */
  enum { INSERT=FALSE, REPLACE=TRUE };
  int n, r;
  off_t pos, new_pos;
  char *sp, *interp = NULL;
  unsigned int cum_io;
  char buf[PAGE_SIZE];

  /* Make 'path' the new argv[0]. */
  if (!insert_arg(stack, stk_bytes, path, vsp, REPLACE)) return(ENOMEM);

  pos = 0;      /* Read from the start of the file */

  /* Issue request */
  r = req_readwrite(vp->v_fs_e, vp->v_inode_nr, pos, READING, VFS_PROC_NR,
                        (vir_bytes) buf, sizeof(buf), &new_pos, &cum_io);

  if (r != OK) return(r);

  n = vp->v_size;
  if (n > sizeof(buf))
        n = sizeof(buf);
  if (n < 2) return ENOEXEC;

  sp = &(buf[2]);                               /* just behind the #! */
  n -= 2;
  if (n > PATH_MAX) n = PATH_MAX;

  /* Use the 'path' variable for temporary storage */
  memcpy(path, sp, n);

  if ((sp = memchr(path, '\n', n)) == NULL) /* must be a proper line */
        return(ENOEXEC);

  /* Move sp backwards through script[], prepending each string to stack. */
  for (;;) {
        /* skip spaces behind argument. */
        while (sp > path && (*--sp == ' ' || *sp == '\t')) {}
        if (sp == path) break;

        sp[1] = 0;
        /* Move to the start of the argument. */
        while (sp > path && sp[-1] != ' ' && sp[-1] != '\t') --sp;

        interp = sp;
        if (!insert_arg(stack, stk_bytes, sp, vsp, INSERT)) {
                printf("VFS: patch_stack: insert_arg failed\n");
                return(ENOMEM);
        }
  }

  if(!interp)
        return ENOEXEC;

  if (interp != path)
        memmove(path, interp, strlen(interp)+1);

  return(OK);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              insert_arg                                   *
 *===========================================================================*/
static int insert_arg(char stack[ARG_MAX], size_t *stk_bytes, char *arg,
        vir_bytes *vsp, char replace)
{
        /* Patch the stack so that arg will become argv[0]. Be careful, the
         * stack may be filled with garbage, although it normally looks like
         * this:
         *      nargs argv[0] ... argv[nargs-1] NULL envp[0] ... NULL
         * followed by the strings "pointed" to by the argv[i] and the envp[i].
         * The * pointers are in the new process address space.
         *
         * Return true iff the operation succeeded.
         */
        struct ps_strings *psp;
        int offset;
        size_t old_bytes = *stk_bytes;

        int const arg_len = strlen(arg) + 1;

        /* Offset to argv[0][0] in the stack frame. */
        int const a0 = (int)(((char **)stack)[1] - *vsp);

        /* Check that argv[0] points within the stack frame. */
        if ((a0 < 0) || (a0 >= old_bytes)) {
                printf("vfs:: argv[0][] not within stack range!! %i\n", a0);
                return FALSE;
        }

        if (!replace) {
                /* Prepending arg adds one pointer, one string and a zero byte. */
                offset = arg_len + PTRSIZE;
        } else {
                /* replacing argv[0] with arg adds the difference in length of
                 * the two strings. Make sure we don't go beyond the stack size
                 * when computing the length of the current argv[0]. */
                offset = arg_len - strnlen(stack + a0, ARG_MAX - a0 - 1);
        }

        /* As ps_strings follows the strings, ensure the offset is word aligned. */
        offset = offset + (PTRSIZE - ((PTRSIZE + offset) % PTRSIZE));

        /* The stack will grow (or shrink) by offset bytes. */
        if ((*stk_bytes += offset) > ARG_MAX) {
                printf("vfs:: offset too big!! %d (max %d)\n", *stk_bytes,
                        ARG_MAX);
                return FALSE;
        }

        /* Reposition the strings by offset bytes */
        memmove(stack + a0 + offset, stack + a0, old_bytes - a0);

        /* Put arg in the new space, leaving padding in front of it. */
        strlcpy(stack + a0 + offset - arg_len, arg, arg_len);

        if (!replace) {
                /* Make space for a new argv[0]. */
                memmove(stack + 2 * PTRSIZE,
                        stack + 1 * PTRSIZE, a0 - 2 * PTRSIZE);

                ((char **) stack)[0]++; /* nargs++; */
        }

        /* set argv[0] correctly */
        ((char **) stack)[1] = (char *) a0 - arg_len + *vsp;

        /* Update stack pointer in the process address space. */
        *vsp -= offset;

        /* Update argv and envp in ps_strings */
        psp = (struct ps_strings *) (stack + *stk_bytes - sizeof(struct ps_strings));
        psp->ps_argvstr -= (offset / PTRSIZE);
        if (!replace) {
                psp->ps_nargvstr++;
        }
        psp->ps_envstr = psp->ps_argvstr + psp->ps_nargvstr + 1;

        return TRUE;
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              read_seg                                     *
 *===========================================================================*/
static int read_seg(struct exec_info *execi, off_t off, vir_bytes seg_addr, size_t seg_bytes)
{
/*
 * The byte count on read is usually smaller than the segment count, because
 * a segment is padded out to a click multiple, and the data segment is only
 * partially initialized.
 */
  int r;
  off_t new_pos;
  unsigned int cum_io;
  struct vnode *vp = ((struct vfs_exec_info *) execi->opaque)->vp;

  /* Make sure that the file is big enough */
  if (off + seg_bytes > LONG_MAX) return(EIO);
  if ((unsigned long) vp->v_size < off+seg_bytes) return(EIO);

  if ((r = req_readwrite(vp->v_fs_e, vp->v_inode_nr, off, READING,
                 execi->proc_e, (vir_bytes) seg_addr, seg_bytes,
                 &new_pos, &cum_io)) != OK) {
    printf("VFS: read_seg: req_readwrite failed (data)\n");
    return(r);
  }

  if (r == OK && cum_io != seg_bytes)
        printf("VFS: read_seg segment has not been read properly\n");

        return(r);
}


/*===========================================================================*
 *                              clo_exec                                     *
 *===========================================================================*/
static void clo_exec(struct fproc *rfp)
{
/* Files can be marked with the FD_CLOEXEC bit (in fp->fp_cloexec).
 */
  int i;

  /* Check the file desriptors one by one for presence of FD_CLOEXEC. */
  for (i = 0; i < OPEN_MAX; i++)
        if ( FD_ISSET(i, &rfp->fp_cloexec_set))
                (void) close_fd(rfp, i);
}

/*===========================================================================*
 *                              map_header                                   *
 *===========================================================================*/
static int map_header(struct vfs_exec_info *execi)
{
  int r;
  unsigned int cum_io;
  off_t pos, new_pos;
  static char hdr[PAGE_SIZE]; /* Assume that header is not larger than a page */

  pos = 0;      /* Read from the start of the file */

  /* How much is sensible to read */
  execi->args.hdr_len = MIN(execi->vp->v_size, sizeof(hdr));
  execi->args.hdr = hdr;

  r = req_readwrite(execi->vp->v_fs_e, execi->vp->v_inode_nr,
        pos, READING, VFS_PROC_NR, (vir_bytes) hdr,
        execi->args.hdr_len, &new_pos, &cum_io);
  if (r != OK) {
        printf("VFS: exec: map_header: req_readwrite failed\n");
        return(r);
  }

  return(OK);
}