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.Dd September 9, 2012
.Dt KYUA-ATF-INTERFACE 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm atf-interface
.Nd Description of the ATF test program interface
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The interface of ATF test programs is the interface of the test
programs linked to the
.Nm atf-c ,
.Nm atf-c++
and
.Nm atf-sh
libraries provided by ATF.
.Pp
The ATF interface can be understood as the mechanisms used by test programs
to communicate with the runtime engine as well as the assumptions that test
programs and test cases can make while running.
.Pp
A test case is the most basic part of a test suite.  A test case is
supposed to reproduce one, and only one, scenario.  For example: if the
item under test was a function, the test case would provide a single set of
input parameters to the function and check its output; If the item under
test was a binary, the test case would provide a single set of arguments to
the program and check its behavior.
.Ss Test case parts
Test cases have three parts:
.Bl -tag -width cleanupXX
.It Head
Programmatically defines metadata properties.  The head must not perform
any other thing than defining such properties.  In particular, no testing
whatsoever can happen in the head.  (Ideally the definition of metadata
properties would not happen programmatically.)
.It Body
The actual test case which performs any desired testing and reports a
result.  The body is executed by the runtime engine in a deterministic way;
see the isolation section below.
.It Cleanup
An optional cleanup routine.  Note that the runtime engine will attempt to
clean up the work directory automatically, so this routine should only be
provided in cases where the test modifies system-wide state not known by
the runtime engine.  The cleanup part is executed in the same directory as
the body.  However, the body and the cleanup parts
.Em do not share the same process space ;
the only way to pass data around from the body to the cleanup is by means
of files in the work directory.
.El
.Ss Metadata properties
The following test case metadata properties must be exported in the test
case list for every test case:
.Bl -tag -width XX
.It Va ident
Single-word string.  The name of the test case.  Must be unique within the
test program.
.El
.Pp
The following test case metadata properties may be exported in the
test case list for every test case:
.Bl -tag -width XX
.It Va descr
Multi-word string.  A textual description for the test case.  Usually,
providing a descriptive identifier is better than providing a textual
description.
.It Va has.cleanup
Boolean.  Whether the test case defines a cleanup routine or not.
.It Va require.arch
Whitespace separated list of the architectures required by the test case.
If defined, the test case is skipped unless the host architecture matches
any of the values defined in this property.
.It Va require.config
Whitespace separated list of configuration variable names.  The list of
configuration variables that must be defined.  The test is skipped if any
of these is missing.
.It Va require.files
Whitespace separated list of absolute paths to installed files.  If any of
these files is not found, the test case is skipped.
.It Va require.machine
Whitespace separated list of the machine types required by the test case.
If defined, the test case is skipped unless the host machine type matches
any of the values defined in this property.
.It Va require.progs
Whitespace separated list of program names (either absolute names or base
names).  If any of these programs is not found, the test case is skipped.
.It Va require.user
Either
.Sq root
or
.Sq unprivileged .
If
.Sq root ,
the test case must be run as the superuser or otherwise it is skipped.  If
.Sq unprivileged ,
the test case must be run as an unprivileged user or else it is skipped.
.It Va timeout
Integer.  The amount of seconds the test case can run for before it is
killed by the runtime engine.
.El
.Ss Configuration properties
The following properties may be defined by the runtime engine and are
propagated to the test cases:
.Bl -tag -width XX
.It Va unprivileged-user
String, optional.  Specifies the name of the user under which tests that
set
.Sq require.user=unprivileged
are executed.
.El
.Ss Results
A test case must always report a result by creating the results file
specified through the
.Fl r
flag.  For convenience when running test cases without the runtime engine,
this file may point to
.Pa /dev/stdout
or
.Pa /dev/stderr
in which case the file must not be created (because the creation will
fail).
.Pp
Aside from creating the results file, the process in which the test case
runs must terminate in particular ways for the test result to be considered
valid.
.Pp
If the test case fails to create the test result, if the test result is
created but contains an invalid syntax, or if the termination status of the
process does not match the requirements of the test result, the runtime
engine marks the test case as
.Sq broken .
Note that the
.Sq broken
state is decided by the runtime engine; a test case cannot report itself as
.Sq broken .
.Pp
The general syntax for the results file is as follows:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
<status>[[(int)]: reason]
.Ed
.Pp
The following results are allowed:
.Bl -tag -width XX
.It expected_death
The process is expected to terminate either due to a clean call to
.Xr exit 3
or due to the reception of a signal.  The contents of the file are
.Sq expected_death: <reason>\\n .
Example:
.Sq expected_death: Calling libdofoo breaks due to bug xyz .
.It expected_exit
The process is expected to terminate cleanly.  The contents of the file are
.Sq expected_exit: <reason>
if the exit code is irrelevant or
.Sq expected_exit(<exitcode>): <reason>
if the process must terminate with a given exit code.  Examples:
.Sq expected_exit: Calling bar exits but it should not
or
.Sq expected_exit(123): Calling bar exits with an unexpected code .
.It expected_failure
The process must exit cleanly with an
.Va EXIT_SUCCESS
exit code.  The contents of the file are
.Sq expected_failure: <reason>\\n
Example:
.Sq expected_failure: 2 + 2 = 3 .
.It expected_signal
The process is expected to terminate due to the reception of a signal.  The
contents of the file are
.Sq expected_signal: <reason>
if the signal number is irrelevant or
.Sq expected_signal(<signalno>): <reason>
if the process must terminate due to a particular signal.  Examples:
.Sq expected_signal: Calling bar crashes
or
.Sq expected_signal(1): Calling bar kills ourselves due to unhandled SIGHUP .
.It expected_timeout
The process is expected to hang for longer than its
.Va timeout
metadata property.  Only the runtime engine can control this situation
because the runtime engine is the one implementing the timeout
functionality.
.It failed
The process must exit cleanly with an
.Va EXIT_FAILURE
exit code.  The contents of the file are
.Sq failed: <reason>\\n .
Example:
.Sq failed: Failed on purpose\\n .
.It passed
The process must exit cleanly with an
.Va EXIT_SUCCESS
exit code.  The contents of the file are
.Sq passed\\n .
.It skipped
The process must exit cleanly with an
.Va EXIT_SUCCESS
exit code.  The contents of the file are
.Sq skipped: <reason>\\n .
Example:
.Sq skipped: Skipped because the foo is not present\\n .
.El
.Ss Isolation
The runtime engine attempts to isolate test cases from other test cases in
the same test program and from the rest of the system by performing what is
called
.Em test case isolation .
.Pp
Whenever the user runs a test program binary by hand (i.e. not through
.Xr kyua 1 ) ,
the test program will print a warning message stating that test case
isolation does not work and therefore the program may cause side-effects
and/or report invalid values.
.Pp
The runtime engine must set the
.Va __RUNNING_INSIDE_ATF_RUN
environment variable to the magic value
.Sq internal-yes-value
to tell the test programs that they are being run with isolation enabled.
.Pp
The test case isolation performs the following:
.Bl -tag -width XX
.It Process space
Each test case body and cleanup routines are executed in independent
processes.  Corollary: the test case can do whatever it wants to the
current process (such as modifying global variables) without having to undo
such changes.
.It Process group
The test case body and cleanup are executed in their own process groups.
Should they spawn any children, such children should maintain the same
process group.  This is done to allow the runtime engine to kill the whole
process subtree once the test case finishes (or if the test case hangs).
.It Work directory
The test case body and its cleanup (if any) are executed in a temporary
directory automatically created by the runtime engine.  This temporary
directory is shared among the body and cleanup parts of a single test case
but is completely separate from the temporary directories of other tests.
Corollary: the test case body and cleanup routines can write to their
current directory without bothering to clean any files and/or directories
they create.  The runtime engine takes care to recursively delete the
temporary directories after the execution of a test case.  Any file systems
mounted within the temporary directory will be unmounted if possible.
.It Home directory
The
.Va HOME
environment variable is set to the absolute path of the work directory.
.It Umask
The value of the umask is set to 0022.
.It Environment
The
.Va LANG ,
.Va LC_ALL ,
.Va LC_COLLATE ,
.Va LC_CTYPE ,
.Va LC_MESSAGES ,
.Va LC_MONETARY ,
.Va LC_NUMERIC
and
.Va LC_TIME
variables are unset.  The
.Va TZ
variable is set to
.Sq UTC .
.It Process limits
The maximum soft core size limit is raised to its corresponding hard limit.
This is a simple, best-effort attempt at allowing test cases to dump core
for further diagnostic purposes.
.El
.Ss Test programs
A test program is, simply put, a collection of related test cases.  The
test program can be seen as a command-line dispatcher for the test cases.
A test program must provide one or more test cases.  If it does not contain
any test case, the runtime system will report it as invalid.
.Pp
Test programs expose their list of test cases in a machine parseable
format.  The runtime engine obtains the list of test cases to know what
tests to run and to know how to set up the environment of each test prior
execution.  The test program must not do any test when asked to dump its
test case list.
.Pp
The generic syntax to obtain the list of test cases included in a test
program is:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
<test-program> -l
.Ed
.Pp
The list of test cases follows the following format:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
LIST ::= HEADER NEWLINE TEST_CASES

HEADER ::= 'Content-Type: application/X-atf-tp; version="1"'
NEWLINE ::= '\\n'
TEST_CASES ::= TEST_CASE | TEST_CASE NEWLINE TEST_CASES

TEST_CASE ::= IDENT_PROPERTY PROPERTIES
IDENT_PROPERTY ::= 'ident' DELIM STRING NEWLINE
DELIM ::= ': '

PROPERTIES ::= PROPERTY | PROPERTY PROPERTIES
PROPERTY ::= PROPERTY_NAME DELIM STRING NEWLINE
PROPERTY_NAME ::= (see below)
.Ed
.Pp
An example:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
Content-Type: application/X-atf-tp; version="1"

ident: addition
descr: Tests that the addition function works

ident: subtraction
descr: Tests that the subtraction function works

ident: remove
descr: Tests removing files
require.root: true
timeout: 50
has.cleanup: true
.Ed
.Pp
The syntax to run a test case body part is:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
<test-program> [-r resfile] [-s srcdir] [-v var=value]* <test-case>[:body]
.Ed
.Pp
This must run the test case body
.Dq as is ,
without any attempt of isolating it from the rest of the system.  It is the
responsibility of the runtime engine to do such isolation.
.Pp
The runtime engine always passes the path of a nonexistent file to
.Fl r ,
which must be created by the test case; and always passes an absolute path
to the
.Fl s
flag pointing to the directory containing the test program executable.
.Pp
The runtime engine shall pass any configuration variables it wants through
the
.Fl v
flag, and these can be later inspected by the test case at will.
.Pp
A note to users: if you run the test case by hand (not through
.Xr kyua 1 nor
.Xr atf-run 1 )
from the command line, none of the isolation features described in the
isolation section apply.  This means that the test case can (and probably
will) write to the current directory and leave garbage behind.  Also, given
that the test case is executed without e.g. clearing the environment, the
results of the test case may differ from those obtained when running the
test case inside the runtime engine.
.Em Only use this for debugging purposes
(i.e. to run the test case code under GDB).
.Pp
The syntax to run a test case cleanup part is:
.Bd -literal -offset indent
<test-program> [-s srcdir] [-v var=value]* <test-case>:cleanup
.Ed
.Pp
This can only be performed if and only if the test case sets the
.Va has.cleanup
property to true.  Otherwise the behavior of executing the cleanup part is
undefined.
.Pp
The same rules for
.Fl s
and
.Fl v
apply as to when running the body.
.Pp
The cleanup part must be executed in the same directory as the body but in
a separate process space.  The only way for test cases to transfer state
(if any) from the body to the cleanup routine is by means of files in the
current directory.
.Pp
The cleanup part does not have to worry about deleting temporary files
created in the current directory.  The runtime engine does this
automatically.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr kyua-test 1 ,
.Xr kyuafile 5