1 .\" $NetBSD: shquote.3,v 1.9 2008/09/07 08:55:46 apb Exp $
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33 .\" <<Id: LICENSE,v 1.2 2000/06/14 15:57:33 cgd Exp>>
41 .Nd quote argument strings for use with the shell
47 .Fn shquote "const char *arg" "char *buf" "size_t bufsize"
49 .Fn shquotev "int argc" "char * const *argv" "char *buf" "size_t bufsize"
55 functions copy strings and transform the copies by adding shell
56 escape and quoting characters.
57 They are used to encapsulate
58 arguments to be included in command strings passed to the
62 functions, so that the arguments will have the correct values
63 after being evaluated by the shell.
65 The exact method of quoting and escaping may vary, and is intended
66 to match the conventions of the shell used by
70 It may not match the conventions used by other shells.
71 In this implementation, the following
72 transformation is applied to each input string:
73 .Bl -bullet -width indent
75 it is surrounded by single quotes
78 any single quotes in the input are escaped by replacing them with
79 the four-character sequence:
83 extraneous pairs of single quotes (caused by multiple adjacent single
84 quotes in the input string, or by single quotes at the beginning or
85 end of the input string) are elided.
90 function transforms the string specified by its
92 argument, and places the result into the memory pointed to by
97 function transforms each of the
99 strings specified by the array
102 The transformed strings are placed in the memory pointed to by
105 It does not modify the pointer array specified by
107 or the strings pointed to by the pointers in the array.
109 Both functions write up to
111 - 1 characters of output into the buffer pointed to by
115 character to terminate the output string.
118 is given as zero, the
120 parameter is ignored and no output is written.
126 functions return the number of characters necessary to hold the
127 result from operating on their input strings,
128 not including the terminating
130 That is, they return the length of the string that would have
131 been written to the output buffer, if it were large enough.
132 If an error occurs during processing, the value ((size_t)\-1)
135 is set appropriately.
137 The following code fragment demonstrates how you might use
139 to construct a command string to be used with
141 The command uses an environment variable (which will be expanded by
142 the shell) to determine the actual program to run.
143 Note that the environment variable may be expanded by
144 the shell into multiple words.
145 The first word of the expansion will be used by the shell
146 as the name of the program to run,
147 and the rest will be passed as arguments to the program.
148 .Bd -literal -offset indent
149 char **argv, c, *cmd;
150 size_t cmdlen, len, qlen;
156 * Size buffer to hold the command string, and allocate it.
157 * Buffer of length one given to snprintf() for portability.
159 cmdlen = snprintf(\*[Am]c, 1, "${PROG-%s} ", PROG_DEFAULT);
160 qlen = shquotev(argc, argv, NULL, 0);
161 if (qlen == (size_t)-1) {
165 cmd = malloc(cmdlen);
170 /* Create the command string. */
171 len = snprintf(cmd, cmdlen, "${PROG-%s} ", PROG_DEFAULT);
172 qlen = shquotev(argc, argv, cmd + len, cmdlen - len);
173 if (qlen == (size_t)-1) {
174 /* Should not ever happen. */
179 /* "cmd" can now be passed to system(). */
182 The following example shows how you would implement the same
183 functionality using the
186 .Bd -literal -offset indent
187 char **argv, c, *cmd;
188 size_t cmdlen, len, qlen;
194 * Size buffer to hold the command string, and allocate it.
195 * Buffer of length one given to snprintf() for portability.
197 cmdlen = snprintf(\*[Am]c, 1, "${PROG-%s} ", PROG_DEFAULT);
198 for (i = 0; i \*[Lt] argc; i++) {
199 qlen = shquote(argv[i], NULL, 0);
200 if (qlen == (size_t)-1) {
205 cmd = malloc(cmdlen);
210 /* Start the command string with the env var reference. */
211 len = snprintf(cmd, cmdlen, "${PROG-%s} ", PROG_DEFAULT);
213 /* Quote all of the arguments when copying them. */
214 for (i = 0; i \*[Lt] argc; i++) {
215 qlen = shquote(argv[i], cmd + len, cmdlen - len);
216 if (qlen == (size_t)-1) {
217 /* Should not ever happen. */
225 /* "cmd" can now be passed to system(). */
232 This implementation does not currently handle strings containing multibyte
234 To address this issue,
242 must first be fixed to handle multibyte characters.
243 When that has been done,
244 these functions can have multibyte character support enabled.