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[minix3.git] / minix / servers / mib / proc.c

/* MIB service - proc.c - functionality based on service process tables */
/* Eventually, the CTL_PROC subtree might end up here as well. */

#include "mib.h"

#include <sys/exec.h>
#include <minix/sysinfo.h>

#include <machine/archtypes.h>
#include "kernel/proc.h"
#include "servers/pm/mproc.h"
#include "servers/vfs/const.h"
#include "servers/vfs/fproc.h"

typedef struct proc ixfer_proc_t;
typedef struct mproc ixfer_mproc_t;

static ixfer_proc_t proc_tab[NR_TASKS + NR_PROCS];
static ixfer_mproc_t mproc_tab[NR_PROCS];
static struct fproc_light fproc_tab[NR_PROCS];

/*
 * The number of processes added to the current number of processes when doing
 * a size estimation, so that the actual data retrieval does not end up with
 * too little space if new processes have forked between the two calls.  We do
 * a process table update only once per clock tick, which means that typically
 * no update will take place between the user process's size estimation request
 * and its subsequent data retrieval request.  On the other hand, if we do
 * update process tables in between, quite a bit might have changed.
 */
#define EXTRA_PROCS     8

#define HASH_SLOTS      (NR_PROCS / 4)  /* expected nr. of processes in use */
#define NO_SLOT         (-1)
static int hash_tab[HASH_SLOTS];        /* hash table mapping from PID.. */
static int hnext_tab[NR_PROCS];         /* ..to PM process slot */

static clock_t tabs_updated = 0;        /* when the tables were last updated */
static int tabs_valid = TRUE;           /* FALSE if obtaining tables failed */

/*
 * Update the process tables by pulling in new copies from the kernel, PM, and
 * VFS, but only every so often and only if it has not failed before.  Return
 * TRUE iff the tables are now valid.
 */
static int
update_tables(void)
{
        clock_t now;
        pid_t pid;
        int r, kslot, mslot, hslot;

        /*
         * If retrieving the tables failed at some point, do not keep trying
         * all the time.  Such a failure is very unlikely to be transient.
         */
        if (tabs_valid == FALSE)
                return FALSE;

        /*
         * Update the tables once per clock tick at most.  The update operation
         * is rather heavy, transferring several hundreds of kilobytes between
         * servers.  Userland should be able to live with information that is
         * outdated by at most one clock tick.
         */
        now = getticks();

        if (tabs_updated != 0 && tabs_updated == now)
                return TRUE;

        /* Perform an actual update now. */
        tabs_valid = FALSE;

        /* Retrieve and check the kernel process table. */
        if ((r = sys_getproctab(proc_tab)) != OK) {
                printf("MIB: unable to obtain kernel process table (%d)\n", r);

                return FALSE;
        }

        for (kslot = 0; kslot < NR_TASKS + NR_PROCS; kslot++) {
                if (proc_tab[kslot].p_magic != PMAGIC) {
                        printf("MIB: kernel process table mismatch\n");

                        return FALSE;
                }
        }

        /* Retrieve and check the PM process table. */
        r = getsysinfo(PM_PROC_NR, SI_PROC_TAB, mproc_tab, sizeof(mproc_tab));
        if (r != OK) {
                printf("MIB: unable to obtain PM process table (%d)\n", r);

                return FALSE;
        }

        for (mslot = 0; mslot < NR_PROCS; mslot++) {
                if (mproc_tab[mslot].mp_magic != MP_MAGIC) {
                        printf("MIB: PM process table mismatch\n");

                        return FALSE;
                }
        }

        /* Retrieve an extract of the VFS process table. */
        r = getsysinfo(VFS_PROC_NR, SI_PROCLIGHT_TAB, fproc_tab,
            sizeof(fproc_tab));
        if (r != OK) {
                printf("MIB: unable to obtain VFS process table (%d)\n", r);

                return FALSE;
        }

        tabs_valid = TRUE;
        tabs_updated = now;

        /*
         * Build a hash table mapping from process IDs to slot numbers, for
         * fast access.  TODO: decide if this is better done on demand only.
         */
        for (hslot = 0; hslot < HASH_SLOTS; hslot++)
                hash_tab[hslot] = NO_SLOT;

        for (mslot = 0; mslot < NR_PROCS; mslot++) {
                if (mproc_tab[mslot].mp_flags & IN_USE) {
                        if ((pid = mproc_tab[mslot].mp_pid) <= 0)
                                continue;

                        hslot = mproc_tab[mslot].mp_pid % HASH_SLOTS;

                        hnext_tab[mslot] = hash_tab[hslot];
                        hash_tab[hslot] = mslot;
                }
        }

        return TRUE;
}

/*
 * Return the PM slot number for the given PID, or NO_SLOT if the PID is not in
 * use by a process.
 */
static int
get_mslot(pid_t pid)
{
        int mslot;

        /* PID 0 identifies the kernel; checking this is up to the caller. */
        if (pid <= 0)
                return NO_SLOT;

        for (mslot = hash_tab[pid % HASH_SLOTS]; mslot != NO_SLOT;
            mslot = hnext_tab[mslot])
                if (mproc_tab[mslot].mp_pid == pid)
                        break;

        return mslot;
}

/*
 * Store the given number of clock ticks as a timeval structure.
 */
static void
ticks_to_timeval(struct timeval * tv, clock_t ticks)
{
        clock_t hz;

        hz = sys_hz();

        tv->tv_sec = ticks / hz;
        tv->tv_usec = (long)((ticks % hz) * 1000000ULL / hz);
}

/*
 * Generate a wchan message text for the cases that the process is blocked on
 * IPC with another process, of which the endpoint is given as 'endpt' here.
 * The name of the other process is to be stored in 'wmesg', which is a buffer
 * of size 'wmsz'.  The result should be null terminated.  If 'ipc' is set, the
 * process is blocked on a direct IPC call, in which case the name of the other
 * process is enclosed in parentheses.  If 'ipc' is not set, the call is made
 * indirectly through VFS, and the name of the other process should not be
 * enclosed in parentheses.  If no name can be obtained, we use the endpoint of
 * the other process instead.
 */
static void
fill_wmesg(char * wmesg, size_t wmsz, endpoint_t endpt, int ipc)
{
        const char *name;
        int mslot;

        switch (endpt) {
        case ANY:
                name = "any";
                break;
        case SELF:
                name = "self";
                break;
        case NONE:
                name = "none";
                break;
        default:
                mslot = _ENDPOINT_P(endpt);
                if (mslot >= -NR_TASKS && mslot < NR_PROCS &&
                    (mslot < 0 || (mproc_tab[mslot].mp_flags & IN_USE)))
                        name = proc_tab[NR_TASKS + mslot].p_name;
                else
                        name = NULL;
        }

        if (name != NULL)
                snprintf(wmesg, wmsz, "%s%s%s",
                    ipc ? "(" : "", name, ipc ? ")" : "");
        else
                snprintf(wmesg, wmsz, "%s%d%s",
                    ipc ? "(" : "", endpt, ipc ? ")" : "");
}

/*
 * Return the LWP status of a process, along with additional information in
 * case the process is sleeping (LSSLEEP): a wchan value and text to indicate
 * what the process is sleeping on, and possibly a flag field modification to
 * indicate that the sleep is interruptible.
 */
static int
get_lwp_stat(int mslot, uint64_t * wcptr, char * wmptr, size_t wmsz,
        int32_t * flag)
{
        struct mproc *mp;
        struct fproc_light *fp;
        struct proc *kp;
        const char *wmesg;
        uint64_t wchan;
        endpoint_t endpt;

        mp = &mproc_tab[mslot];
        fp = &fproc_tab[mslot];
        kp = &proc_tab[NR_TASKS + mslot];

        /*
         * First cover all the cases that the process is not sleeping.  In
         * those cases, we need not return additional sleep information either.
         */
        if (mp->mp_flags & (TRACE_ZOMBIE | ZOMBIE))
                return LSZOMB;

        if (mp->mp_flags & EXITING)
                return LSDEAD;

        if ((mp->mp_flags & TRACE_STOPPED) || RTS_ISSET(kp, RTS_P_STOP))
                return LSSTOP;

        if (proc_is_runnable(kp))
                return LSRUN;

        /*
         * The process is sleeping.  In that case, we must also figure out why,
         * and return an appropriate wchan value and human-readable wmesg text.
         *
         * The process can be blocked on either a known sleep state in PM or
         * VFS, or otherwise on IPC communication with another process, or
         * otherwise on a kernel RTS flag.  In each case, decide what to use as
         * wchan value and wmesg text, and whether the sleep is interruptible.
         *
         * The wchan value should be unique for the sleep reason.  We use its
         * lower eight bits to indicate a class:
         *   0x00 = kernel task
         *   0x01 = kerel RTS block
         *   0x02 = PM call
         *   0x03 = VFS call
         *   0x04 = MIB call
         *   0xff = blocked on process
         * The upper bits are used for class-specific information.  The actual
         * value does not really matter, as long as it is nonzero and there is
         * no overlap between the different values.
         */
        wchan = 0;
        wmesg = NULL;

        /*
         * First see if the process is marked as blocked in the tables of PM or
         * VFS.  Such a block reason is always an interruptible sleep.  Note
         * that we do not use the kernel table at all in this case: each of the
         * three tables is consistent within itself, but not necessarily
         * consistent with any of the other tables, so we avoid internal
         * mismatches if we can.
         */
        if (mp->mp_flags & WAITING) {
                wchan = 0x102;
                wmesg = "wait";
        } else if (mp->mp_flags & SIGSUSPENDED) {
                wchan = 0x202;
                wmesg = "pause";
        } else if (fp->fpl_blocked_on != FP_BLOCKED_ON_NONE) {
                wchan = (fp->fpl_blocked_on << 8) | 0x03;
                switch (fp->fpl_blocked_on) {
                case FP_BLOCKED_ON_PIPE:
                        wmesg = "pipe";
                        break;
                case FP_BLOCKED_ON_FLOCK:
                        wmesg = "flock";
                        break;
                case FP_BLOCKED_ON_POPEN:
                        wmesg = "popen";
                        break;
                case FP_BLOCKED_ON_SELECT:
                        wmesg = "select";
                        break;
                case FP_BLOCKED_ON_CDEV:
                        /*
                         * Add the task (= character driver) endpoint to the
                         * wchan value, and use the driver's process name,
                         * without parentheses, as wmesg text.
                         */
                        wchan |= (uint64_t)fp->fpl_task << 16;
                        fill_wmesg(wmptr, wmsz, fp->fpl_task, FALSE /*ipc*/);
                        break;
                default:
                        /* A newly added flag we don't yet know about? */
                        wmesg = "???";
                        break;
                }
        }
        if (wchan != 0) {
                *wcptr = wchan;
                if (wmesg != NULL) /* NULL means "already set" here */
                        strlcpy(wmptr, wmesg, wmsz);
                *flag |= L_SINTR;
        }

        /*
         * See if the process is blocked on sending or receiving.  If not, then
         * use one of the kernel RTS flags as reason.
         */
        endpt = P_BLOCKEDON(kp);

        switch (endpt) {
        case MIB_PROC_NR:
                /* This is really just aesthetics. */
                wchan = 0x04;
                wmesg = "sysctl";
                break;
        case NONE:
                /*
                 * The process is not running, but also not blocked on IPC with
                 * another process.  This means it must be stopped on a kernel
                 * RTS flag.
                 */
                wchan = ((uint64_t)kp->p_rts_flags << 8) | 0x01;
                if (RTS_ISSET(kp, RTS_PROC_STOP))
                        wmesg = "kstop";
                else if (RTS_ISSET(kp, RTS_SIGNALED) ||
                    RTS_ISSET(kp, RTS_SIGNALED))
                        wmesg = "ksignal";
                else if (RTS_ISSET(kp, RTS_NO_PRIV))
                        wmesg = "knopriv";
                else if (RTS_ISSET(kp, RTS_PAGEFAULT) ||
                    RTS_ISSET(kp, RTS_VMREQTARGET))
                        wmesg = "fault";
                else if (RTS_ISSET(kp, RTS_NO_QUANTUM))
                        wmesg = "sched";
                else
                        wmesg = "kflag";
                break;
        case ANY:
                /*
                 * If the process is blocked receiving from ANY, mark it as
                 * being in an interruptible sleep.  This looks nicer, even
                 * though "interruptible" is not applicable to services at all.
                 */
                *flag |= L_SINTR;
                break;
        }

        /*
         * If at this point wchan is still zero, the process is blocked sending
         * or receiving.  Use a wchan value based on the target endpoint, and
         * use "(procname)" as wmesg text.
         */
        if (wchan == 0) {
                *wcptr = ((uint64_t)endpt << 8) | 0xff;
                fill_wmesg(wmptr, wmsz, endpt, TRUE /*ipc*/);
        } else {
                *wcptr = wchan;
                if (wmesg != NULL) /* NULL means "already set" here */
                        strlcpy(wmptr, wmesg, wmsz);
        }

        return LSSLEEP;
}


/*
 * Fill the part of a LWP structure that is common between kernel tasks and
 * user processes.  Also return a CPU estimate in 'estcpu', because we generate
 * the value as a side effect here, and the LWP structure has no estcpu field.
 */
static void
fill_lwp_common(struct kinfo_lwp * l, int kslot, uint32_t * estcpu)
{
        struct proc *kp;
        struct timeval tv;
        clock_t uptime;
        uint32_t hz;

        kp = &proc_tab[kslot];

        uptime = getticks();
        hz = sys_hz();

        /*
         * We use the process endpoint as the LWP ID.  Not only does this allow
         * users to obtain process endpoints with "ps -s" (thus replacing the
         * MINIX3 ps(1)'s "ps -E"), but if we ever do implement kernel threads,
         * this is probably still going to be accurate.
         */
        l->l_lid = kp->p_endpoint;

        /*
         * The time during which the process has not been swapped in or out is
         * not applicable for us, and thus, we set it to the time the process
         * has been running (in seconds).  This value is relevant mostly for
         * ps(1)'s CPU usage correction for processes that have just started.
         */
        if (kslot >= NR_TASKS)
                l->l_swtime = uptime - mproc_tab[kslot - NR_TASKS].mp_started;
        else
                l->l_swtime = uptime;
        l->l_swtime /= hz;

        /*
         * Sleep (dequeue) times are not maintained for kernel tasks, so
         * pretend they are never asleep (which is pretty accurate).
         */
        if (kslot < NR_TASKS)
                l->l_slptime = 0;
        else
                l->l_slptime = (uptime - kp->p_dequeued) / hz;

        l->l_priority = kp->p_priority;
        l->l_usrpri = kp->p_priority;
        l->l_cpuid = kp->p_cpu;
        ticks_to_timeval(&tv, kp->p_user_time + kp->p_sys_time);
        l->l_rtime_sec = tv.tv_sec;
        l->l_rtime_usec = tv.tv_usec;

        /*
         * Obtain CPU usage percentages and estimates through library code
         * shared between the kernel and this service; see its source for
         * details.  We note that the produced estcpu value is rather different
         * from the one produced by NetBSD, but this should not be a problem.
         */
        l->l_pctcpu = cpuavg_getstats(&kp->p_cpuavg, &l->l_cpticks, estcpu,
            uptime, hz);
}

/*
 * Fill a LWP structure for a kernel task.  Each kernel task has its own LWP,
 * and all of them have negative PIDs.
 */
static void
fill_lwp_kern(struct kinfo_lwp * l, int kslot)
{
        uint32_t estcpu;

        memset(l, 0, sizeof(*l));

        l->l_flag = L_INMEM | L_SINTR | L_SYSTEM;
        l->l_stat = LSSLEEP;
        l->l_pid = kslot - NR_TASKS;

        /*
         * When showing LWP entries, ps(1) uses the process name rather than
         * the LWP name.  All kernel tasks are therefore shown as "[kernel]"
         * anyway.  We use the wmesg field to show the actual kernel task name.
         */
        l->l_wchan = ((uint64_t)(l->l_pid) << 8) | 0x00;
        strlcpy(l->l_wmesg, proc_tab[kslot].p_name, sizeof(l->l_wmesg));
        strlcpy(l->l_name, "kernel", sizeof(l->l_name));

        fill_lwp_common(l, kslot, &estcpu);
}

/*
 * Fill a LWP structure for a user process.
 */
static void
fill_lwp_user(struct kinfo_lwp * l, int mslot)
{
        struct mproc *mp;
        uint32_t estcpu;

        memset(l, 0, sizeof(*l));

        mp = &mproc_tab[mslot];

        l->l_flag = L_INMEM;
        l->l_stat = get_lwp_stat(mslot, &l->l_wchan, l->l_wmesg,
            sizeof(l->l_wmesg), &l->l_flag);
        l->l_pid = mp->mp_pid;
        strlcpy(l->l_name, mp->mp_name, sizeof(l->l_name));

        fill_lwp_common(l, NR_TASKS + mslot, &estcpu);
}

/*
 * Implementation of CTL_KERN KERN_LWP.
 */
ssize_t
mib_kern_lwp(struct mib_call * call, struct mib_node * node __unused,
        struct mib_oldp * oldp, struct mib_newp * newp __unused)
{
        struct kinfo_lwp lwp;
        struct mproc *mp;
        size_t copysz;
        ssize_t off;
        pid_t pid;
        int r, elsz, elmax, kslot, mslot, last_mslot;

        if (call->call_namelen != 3)
                return EINVAL;

        pid = (pid_t)call->call_name[0];
        elsz = call->call_name[1];
        elmax = call->call_name[2]; /* redundant with the given oldlen.. */

        if (pid < -1 || elsz <= 0 || elmax < 0)
                return EINVAL;

        if (!update_tables())
                return EINVAL;

        off = 0;
        copysz = MIN((size_t)elsz, sizeof(lwp));

        /*
         * We model kernel tasks as LWP threads of the kernel (with PID 0).
         * Modeling the kernel tasks as processes with negative PIDs, like
         * ProcFS does, conflicts with the KERN_LWP API here: a PID of -1
         * indicates that the caller wants a full listing of LWPs.
         */
        if (pid <= 0) {
                for (kslot = 0; kslot < NR_TASKS; kslot++) {
                        if (mib_inrange(oldp, off) && elmax > 0) {
                                fill_lwp_kern(&lwp, kslot);
                                if ((r = mib_copyout(oldp, off, &lwp,
                                    copysz)) < 0)
                                        return r;
                                elmax--;
                        }
                        off += elsz;
                }

                /* No need to add extra space here: NR_TASKS is static. */
                if (pid == 0)
                        return off;
        }

        /*
         * With PID 0 out of the way: the user requested the LWP for either a
         * specific user process (pid > 0), or for all processes (pid < 0).
         */
        if (pid > 0) {
                if ((mslot = get_mslot(pid)) == NO_SLOT ||
                    (mproc_tab[mslot].mp_flags & (TRACE_ZOMBIE | ZOMBIE)))
                        return ESRCH;
                last_mslot = mslot;
        } else {
                mslot = 0;
                last_mslot = NR_PROCS - 1;
        }

        for (; mslot <= last_mslot; mslot++) {
                mp = &mproc_tab[mslot];

                if ((mp->mp_flags & (IN_USE | TRACE_ZOMBIE | ZOMBIE)) !=
                    IN_USE)
                        continue;

                if (mib_inrange(oldp, off) && elmax > 0) {
                        fill_lwp_user(&lwp, mslot);
                        if ((r = mib_copyout(oldp, off, &lwp, copysz)) < 0)
                                return r;
                        elmax--;
                }
                off += elsz;
        }

        if (oldp == NULL && pid < 0)
                off += EXTRA_PROCS * elsz;

        return off;
}


/*
 * Fill the part of a process structure that is common between kernel tasks and
 * user processes.
 */
static void
fill_proc2_common(struct kinfo_proc2 * p, int kslot)
{
        struct vm_usage_info vui;
        struct timeval tv;
        struct proc *kp;
        struct kinfo_lwp l;

        kp = &proc_tab[kslot];

        /*
         * Much of the information in the LWP structure also ends up in the
         * process structure.  In order to avoid duplication of some important
         * code, first generate LWP values and then copy it them into the
         * process structure.
         */
        memset(&l, 0, sizeof(l));
        fill_lwp_common(&l, kslot, &p->p_estcpu);

        /* Obtain memory usage information from VM.  Ignore failures. */
        memset(&vui, 0, sizeof(vui));
        (void)vm_info_usage(kp->p_endpoint, &vui);

        ticks_to_timeval(&tv, kp->p_user_time + kp->p_sys_time);
        p->p_rtime_sec = l.l_rtime_sec;
        p->p_rtime_usec = l.l_rtime_usec;
        p->p_cpticks = l.l_cpticks;
        p->p_pctcpu = l.l_pctcpu;
        p->p_swtime = l.l_swtime;
        p->p_slptime = l.l_slptime;
        p->p_uticks = kp->p_user_time;
        p->p_sticks = kp->p_sys_time;
        /* TODO: p->p_iticks */
        ticks_to_timeval(&tv, kp->p_user_time);
        p->p_uutime_sec = tv.tv_sec;
        p->p_uutime_usec = tv.tv_usec;
        ticks_to_timeval(&tv, kp->p_sys_time);
        p->p_ustime_sec = tv.tv_sec;
        p->p_ustime_usec = tv.tv_usec;

        p->p_priority = l.l_priority;
        p->p_usrpri = l.l_usrpri;

        p->p_vm_rssize = howmany(vui.vui_total, PAGE_SIZE);
        p->p_vm_vsize = howmany(vui.vui_virtual, PAGE_SIZE);
        p->p_vm_msize = howmany(vui.vui_mvirtual, PAGE_SIZE);

        p->p_uru_maxrss = vui.vui_maxrss;
        p->p_uru_minflt = vui.vui_minflt;
        p->p_uru_majflt = vui.vui_majflt;

        p->p_cpuid = l.l_cpuid;
}

/*
 * Fill a process structure for the kernel pseudo-process (with PID 0).
 */
static void
fill_proc2_kern(struct kinfo_proc2 * p)
{

        memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));

        p->p_flag = L_INMEM | L_SYSTEM | L_SINTR;
        p->p_pid = 0;
        p->p_stat = LSSLEEP;
        p->p_nice = NZERO;

        /* Use the KERNEL task wchan, for consistency between ps and top. */
        p->p_wchan = ((uint64_t)KERNEL << 8) | 0x00;
        strlcpy(p->p_wmesg, "kernel", sizeof(p->p_wmesg));

        strlcpy(p->p_comm, "kernel", sizeof(p->p_comm));
        p->p_realflag = P_INMEM | P_SYSTEM | P_SINTR;
        p->p_realstat = SACTIVE;
        p->p_nlwps = NR_TASKS;

        /*
         * By using the KERNEL slot here, the kernel process will get a proper
         * CPU usage average.
         */
        fill_proc2_common(p, KERNEL + NR_TASKS);
}

/*
 * Fill a process structure for a user process.
 */
static void
fill_proc2_user(struct kinfo_proc2 * p, int mslot)
{
        struct mproc *mp;
        struct fproc_light *fp;
        time_t boottime;
        dev_t tty;
        struct timeval tv;
        int i, r, kslot, zombie;

        memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));

        if ((r = getuptime(NULL, NULL, &boottime)) != OK)
                panic("getuptime failed: %d", r);

        kslot = NR_TASKS + mslot;
        mp = &mproc_tab[mslot];
        fp = &fproc_tab[mslot];

        zombie = (mp->mp_flags & (TRACE_ZOMBIE | ZOMBIE));
        tty = (!zombie) ? fp->fpl_tty : NO_DEV;

        p->p_eflag = 0;
        if (tty != NO_DEV)
                p->p_eflag |= EPROC_CTTY;
        if (mp->mp_pid == mp->mp_procgrp) /* TODO: job control support */
                p->p_eflag |= EPROC_SLEADER;

        p->p_exitsig = SIGCHLD; /* TODO */

        p->p_flag = P_INMEM;
        if (mp->mp_flags & TAINTED)
                p->p_flag |= P_SUGID;
        if (mp->mp_tracer != NO_TRACER)
                p->p_flag |= P_TRACED;
        if (tty != NO_DEV)
                p->p_flag |= P_CONTROLT;
        p->p_pid = mp->mp_pid;
        if (mp->mp_parent >= 0 && mp->mp_parent < NR_PROCS)
                p->p_ppid = mproc_tab[mp->mp_parent].mp_pid;
        p->p_sid = mp->mp_procgrp; /* TODO: job control supported */
        p->p__pgid = mp->mp_procgrp;
        p->p_tpgid = (tty != NO_DEV) ? mp->mp_procgrp : 0;
        p->p_uid = mp->mp_effuid;
        p->p_ruid = mp->mp_realuid;
        p->p_gid = mp->mp_effgid;
        p->p_rgid = mp->mp_realgid;
        p->p_ngroups = MIN(mp->mp_ngroups, KI_NGROUPS);
        for (i = 0; i < p->p_ngroups; i++)
                p->p_groups[i] = mp->mp_sgroups[i];
        p->p_tdev = tty;
        memcpy(&p->p_siglist, &mp->mp_sigpending, sizeof(p->p_siglist));
        memcpy(&p->p_sigmask, &mp->mp_sigmask, sizeof(p->p_sigmask));
        memcpy(&p->p_sigcatch, &mp->mp_catch, sizeof(p->p_sigcatch));
        memcpy(&p->p_sigignore, &mp->mp_ignore, sizeof(p->p_sigignore));
        p->p_nice = mp->mp_nice + NZERO;
        strlcpy(p->p_comm, mp->mp_name, sizeof(p->p_comm));
        p->p_uvalid = 1;
        ticks_to_timeval(&tv, mp->mp_started);
        p->p_ustart_sec = boottime + tv.tv_sec;
        p->p_ustart_usec = tv.tv_usec;
        /* TODO: other rusage fields */
        ticks_to_timeval(&tv, mp->mp_child_utime + mp->mp_child_stime);
        p->p_uctime_sec = tv.tv_sec;
        p->p_uctime_usec = tv.tv_usec;
        p->p_realflag = p->p_flag;
        p->p_nlwps = (zombie) ? 0 : 1;
        p->p_svuid = mp->mp_svuid;
        p->p_svgid = mp->mp_svgid;

        p->p_stat = get_lwp_stat(mslot, &p->p_wchan, p->p_wmesg,
            sizeof(p->p_wmesg), &p->p_flag);

        switch (p->p_stat) {
        case LSRUN:
                p->p_realstat = SACTIVE;
                p->p_nrlwps = 1;
                break;
        case LSSLEEP:
                p->p_realstat = SACTIVE;
                if (p->p_flag & L_SINTR)
                        p->p_realflag |= P_SINTR;
                break;
        case LSSTOP:
                p->p_realstat = SSTOP;
                break;
        case LSZOMB:
                p->p_realstat = SZOMB;
                break;
        case LSDEAD:
                p->p_stat = LSZOMB; /* ps(1) STAT does not know LSDEAD */
                p->p_realstat = SDEAD;
                break;
        default:
                assert(0);
        }

        if (!zombie)
                fill_proc2_common(p, kslot);
}

/*
 * Implementation of CTL_KERN KERN_PROC2.
 */
ssize_t
mib_kern_proc2(struct mib_call * call, struct mib_node * node __unused,
        struct mib_oldp * oldp, struct mib_newp * newp __unused)
{
        struct kinfo_proc2 proc2;
        struct mproc *mp;
        size_t copysz;
        ssize_t off;
        dev_t tty;
        int r, req, arg, elsz, elmax, kmatch, zombie, mslot;

        if (call->call_namelen != 4)
                return EINVAL;

        req = call->call_name[0];
        arg = call->call_name[1];
        elsz = call->call_name[2];
        elmax = call->call_name[3]; /* redundant with the given oldlen.. */

        /*
         * The kernel is special, in that it does not have a slot in the PM or
         * VFS tables.  As such, it is dealt with separately.  While checking
         * arguments, we might as well check whether the kernel is matched.
         */
        switch (req) {
        case KERN_PROC_ALL:
                kmatch = TRUE;
                break;
        case KERN_PROC_PID:
        case KERN_PROC_SESSION:
        case KERN_PROC_PGRP:
        case KERN_PROC_UID:
        case KERN_PROC_RUID:
        case KERN_PROC_GID:
        case KERN_PROC_RGID:
                kmatch = (arg == 0);
                break;
        case KERN_PROC_TTY:
                kmatch = ((dev_t)arg == KERN_PROC_TTY_NODEV);
                break;
        default:
                return EINVAL;
        }

        if (elsz <= 0 || elmax < 0)
                return EINVAL;

        if (!update_tables())
                return EINVAL;

        off = 0;
        copysz = MIN((size_t)elsz, sizeof(proc2));

        if (kmatch) {
                if (mib_inrange(oldp, off) && elmax > 0) {
                        fill_proc2_kern(&proc2);
                        if ((r = mib_copyout(oldp, off, &proc2, copysz)) < 0)
                                return r;
                        elmax--;
                }
                off += elsz;
        }

        for (mslot = 0; mslot < NR_PROCS; mslot++) {
                mp = &mproc_tab[mslot];

                if (!(mp->mp_flags & IN_USE))
                        continue;

                switch (req) {
                case KERN_PROC_PID:
                        if ((pid_t)arg != mp->mp_pid)
                                continue;
                        break;
                case KERN_PROC_SESSION: /* TODO: job control support */
                case KERN_PROC_PGRP:
                        if ((pid_t)arg != mp->mp_procgrp)
                                continue;
                        break;
                case KERN_PROC_TTY:
                        if ((dev_t)arg == KERN_PROC_TTY_REVOKE)
                                continue; /* TODO: revoke(2) support */
                        /* Do not access the fproc_tab slot of zombies. */
                        zombie = (mp->mp_flags & (TRACE_ZOMBIE | ZOMBIE));
                        tty = (zombie) ? fproc_tab[mslot].fpl_tty : NO_DEV;
                        if ((dev_t)arg == KERN_PROC_TTY_NODEV) {
                                if (tty != NO_DEV)
                                        continue;
                        } else if ((dev_t)arg == NO_DEV || (dev_t)arg != tty)
                                continue;
                        break;
                case KERN_PROC_UID:
                        if ((uid_t)arg != mp->mp_effuid)
                                continue;
                        break;
                case KERN_PROC_RUID:
                        if ((uid_t)arg != mp->mp_realuid)
                                continue;
                        break;
                case KERN_PROC_GID:
                        if ((gid_t)arg != mp->mp_effgid)
                                continue;
                        break;
                case KERN_PROC_RGID:
                        if ((gid_t)arg != mp->mp_realgid)
                                continue;
                        break;
                }

                if (mib_inrange(oldp, off) && elmax > 0) {
                        fill_proc2_user(&proc2, mslot);
                        if ((r = mib_copyout(oldp, off, &proc2, copysz)) < 0)
                                return r;
                        elmax--;
                }
                off += elsz;
        }

        if (oldp == NULL && req != KERN_PROC_PID)
                off += EXTRA_PROCS * elsz;

        return off;
}

/*
 * Implementation of CTL_KERN KERN_PROC_ARGS.
 */
ssize_t
mib_kern_proc_args(struct mib_call * call, struct mib_node * node __unused,
        struct mib_oldp * oldp, struct mib_newp * newp __unused)
{
        char vbuf[PAGE_SIZE], sbuf[PAGE_SIZE], obuf[PAGE_SIZE];
        struct ps_strings pss;
        struct mproc *mp;
        char *buf, *p, *q, *pptr;
        vir_bytes vaddr, vpage, spage, paddr, ppage;
        size_t max, off, olen, oleft, oldlen, bytes, pleft;
        unsigned int copybudget;
        pid_t pid;
        int req, mslot, count, aborted, ended;
        ssize_t r;

        if (call->call_namelen != 2)
                return EINVAL;

        pid = call->call_name[0];
        req = call->call_name[1];

        switch (req) {
        case KERN_PROC_ARGV:
        case KERN_PROC_ENV:
        case KERN_PROC_NARGV:
        case KERN_PROC_NENV:
                break;
        default:
                return EOPNOTSUPP;
        }

        if (!update_tables())
                return EINVAL;

        if ((mslot = get_mslot(pid)) == NO_SLOT)
                return ESRCH;
        mp = &mproc_tab[mslot];
        if (mp->mp_flags & (TRACE_ZOMBIE | ZOMBIE))
                return ESRCH;

        /* We can return the count field size without copying in any data. */
        if (oldp == NULL && (req == KERN_PROC_NARGV || req == KERN_PROC_NENV))
                return sizeof(count);

        if (sys_datacopy(mp->mp_endpoint,
            mp->mp_frame_addr + mp->mp_frame_len - sizeof(pss),
            SELF, (vir_bytes)&pss, sizeof(pss)) != OK)
                return EINVAL;

        /*
         * Determine the upper size limit of the requested data.  Not only may
         * the size never exceed ARG_MAX, it may also not exceed the frame
         * length as given in its original exec call.  In fact, the frame
         * length should be substantially larger: all strings for both the
         * arguments and the environment are in there, along with other stuff,
         * and there must be no overlap between strings.  It is possible that
         * the application called setproctitle(3), in which case the ps_strings
         * pointers refer to data outside the frame altogether.  However, this
         * data should not exceed 2048 bytes, and we cover this by rounding up
         * the frame length to a multiple of the page size.  Anyhow, NetBSD
         * blindly returns ARG_MAX when asked for a size estimate, so with this
         * maximum we are already quite a bit more accurate.
         */
        max = roundup(MIN(mp->mp_frame_len, ARG_MAX), PAGE_SIZE);

        switch (req) {
        case KERN_PROC_NARGV:
                count = pss.ps_nargvstr;
                return mib_copyout(oldp, 0, &count, sizeof(count));
        case KERN_PROC_NENV:
                count = pss.ps_nenvstr;
                return mib_copyout(oldp, 0, &count, sizeof(count));
        case KERN_PROC_ARGV:
                if (oldp == NULL)
                        return max;
                vaddr = (vir_bytes)pss.ps_argvstr;
                count = pss.ps_nargvstr;
                break;
        case KERN_PROC_ENV:
                if (oldp == NULL)
                        return max;
                vaddr = (vir_bytes)pss.ps_envstr;
                count = pss.ps_nenvstr;
                break;
        }

        /*
         * Go through the strings.  Copy in entire, machine-aligned pages at
         * once, in the hope that all data is stored consecutively, which it
         * should be: we expect that the vector is followed by the strings, and
         * that the strings are stored in order of vector reference.  We keep
         * up to two pages with copied-in data: one for the vector, and
         * optionally one for string data.  In addition, we keep one page with
         * data to be copied out, so that we do not cause a lot of copy
         * overhead for short strings.
         *
         * We stop whenever any of the following conditions are met:
         * - copying in data from the target process fails for any reason;
         * - we have processed the last index ('count') into the vector;
         * - the current vector element is a NULL pointer;
         * - the requested number of output bytes ('oldlen') has been reached;
         * - the maximum number of output bytes ('max') has been reached;
         * - the number of page copy-ins exceeds an estimated threshold;
         * - copying out data fails for any reason (we then return the error).
         *
         * We limit the number of page copy-ins because otherwise a rogue
         * process could create an argument vector consisting of only two-byte
         * strings that all span two pages, causing us to copy up to 1GB of
         * data with the current ARG_MAX value of 256K.  No reasonable vector
         * should cause more than (ARG_MAX / PAGE_SIZE) page copies for
         * strings; we are nice enough to allow twice that.  Vector copies do
         * not count, as they are linear anyway.
         *
         * Unlike every other sysctl(2) call, we are supposed to truncate the
         * resulting size (the returned 'oldlen') to the requested size (the
         * given 'oldlen') *and* return the resulting size, rather than ENOMEM
         * and the real size.  Unfortunately, libkvm actually relies on this.
         *
         * Generally speaking, upon failure we just return a truncated result.
         * In case of truncation, the data we copy out need not be null
         * terminated.  It is up to userland to process the data correctly.
         */
        if (trunc_page(vaddr) == 0 || vaddr % sizeof(char *) != 0)
                return 0;

        off = 0;
        olen = 0;
        aborted = FALSE;

        oldlen = mib_getoldlen(oldp);
        if (oldlen > max)
                oldlen = max;

        copybudget = (ARG_MAX / PAGE_SIZE) * 2;

        vpage = 0;
        spage = 0;

        while (count > 0 && off + olen < oldlen && !aborted) {
                /*
                 * Start by fetching the page containing the current vector
                 * element, if needed.  We could limit the fetch to the vector
                 * size, but our hope is that for the simple cases, the strings
                 * are on the remainder of the same page, so we save a copy
                 * call.  TODO: since the strings should follow the vector, we
                 * could start the copy at the base of the vector.
                 */
                if (trunc_page(vaddr) != vpage) {
                        vpage = trunc_page(vaddr);
                        if (sys_datacopy(mp->mp_endpoint, vpage, SELF,
                            (vir_bytes)vbuf, PAGE_SIZE) != OK)
                                break;
                }

                /* Get the current vector element, pointing to a string. */
                memcpy(&pptr, &vbuf[vaddr - vpage], sizeof(pptr));
                paddr = (vir_bytes)pptr;
                ppage = trunc_page(paddr);
                if (ppage == 0)
                        break;

                /* Fetch the string itself, one page at a time at most. */
                do {
                        /*
                         * See if the string pointer falls inside either the
                         * vector page or the previously fetched string page
                         * (if any).  If not, fetch a string page.
                         */
                        if (ppage == vpage) {
                                buf = vbuf;
                        } else if (ppage == spage) {
                                buf = sbuf;
                        } else {
                                if (--copybudget == 0) {
                                        aborted = TRUE;
                                        break;
                                }
                                spage = ppage;
                                if (sys_datacopy(mp->mp_endpoint, spage, SELF,
                                    (vir_bytes)sbuf, PAGE_SIZE) != OK) {
                                        aborted = TRUE;
                                        break;
                                }
                                buf = sbuf;
                        }

                        /*
                         * We now have a string fragment in a buffer.  See if
                         * the string is null terminated.  If not, all the data
                         * up to the buffer end is part of the string, and the
                         * string continues on the next page.
                         */
                        p = &buf[paddr - ppage];
                        pleft = PAGE_SIZE - (paddr - ppage);
                        assert(pleft > 0);

                        if ((q = memchr(p, '\0', pleft)) != NULL) {
                                bytes = (size_t)(q - p + 1);
                                assert(bytes <= pleft);
                                ended = TRUE;
                        } else {
                                bytes = pleft;
                                ended = FALSE;
                        }

                        /* Limit the result to the requested length. */
                        if (off + olen + bytes > oldlen)
                                bytes = oldlen - off - olen;

                        /*
                         * Add 'bytes' bytes from string pointer 'p' to the
                         * output buffer, copying out its contents to userland
                         * if it has filled up.
                         */
                        if (olen + bytes > sizeof(obuf)) {
                                oleft = sizeof(obuf) - olen;
                                memcpy(&obuf[olen], p, oleft);

                                if ((r = mib_copyout(oldp, off, obuf,
                                    sizeof(obuf))) < 0)
                                        return r;
                                off += sizeof(obuf);
                                olen = 0;

                                p += oleft;
                                bytes -= oleft;
                        }
                        if (bytes > 0) {
                                memcpy(&obuf[olen], p, bytes);
                                olen += bytes;
                        }

                        /*
                         * Continue as long as we have not yet found the string
                         * end, and we have not yet filled the output buffer.
                         */
                        paddr += pleft;
                        assert(trunc_page(paddr) == paddr);
                        ppage = paddr;
                } while (!ended && off + olen < oldlen);

                vaddr += sizeof(char *);
                count--;
        }

        /* Copy out any remainder of the output buffer. */
        if (olen > 0) {
                if ((r = mib_copyout(oldp, off, obuf, olen)) < 0)
                        return r;
                off += olen;
        }

        assert(off <= oldlen);
        return off;
}

/*
 * Implementation of CTL_MINIX MINIX_PROC PROC_LIST.
 */
ssize_t
mib_minix_proc_list(struct mib_call * call __unused,
        struct mib_node * node __unused, struct mib_oldp * oldp,
        struct mib_newp * newp __unused)
{
        struct minix_proc_list mpl[NR_PROCS];
        struct minix_proc_list *mplp;
        struct mproc *mp;
        unsigned int mslot;

        if (oldp == NULL)
                return sizeof(mpl);

        if (!update_tables())
                return EINVAL;

        memset(&mpl, 0, sizeof(mpl));

        mplp = mpl;
        mp = mproc_tab;

        for (mslot = 0; mslot < NR_PROCS; mslot++, mplp++, mp++) {
                if (!(mp->mp_flags & IN_USE) || mp->mp_pid <= 0)
                        continue;

                mplp->mpl_flags = MPLF_IN_USE;
                if (mp->mp_flags & (TRACE_ZOMBIE | ZOMBIE))
                        mplp->mpl_flags |= MPLF_ZOMBIE;
                mplp->mpl_pid = mp->mp_pid;
                mplp->mpl_uid = mp->mp_effuid;
                mplp->mpl_gid = mp->mp_effgid;
        }

        return mib_copyout(oldp, 0, &mpl, sizeof(mpl));
}

/*
 * Implementation of CTL_MINIX MINIX_PROC PROC_DATA.
 */
ssize_t
mib_minix_proc_data(struct mib_call * call, struct mib_node * node __unused,
        struct mib_oldp * oldp, struct mib_newp * newp __unused)
{
        struct minix_proc_data mpd;
        struct proc *kp;
        int kslot, mslot = 0;
        unsigned int mflags;
        pid_t pid;

        /*
         * It is currently only possible to retrieve the process data for a
         * particular PID, which must be given as the last name component.
         */
        if (call->call_namelen != 1)
                return EINVAL;

        pid = (pid_t)call->call_name[0];

        if (!update_tables())
                return EINVAL;

        /*
         * Unlike the CTL_KERN nodes, we use the ProcFS semantics here: if the
         * given PID is negative, it is a kernel task; otherwise, it identifies
         * a user process.  A request for PID 0 will result in ESRCH.
         */
        if (pid < 0) {
                if (pid < -NR_TASKS)
                        return ESRCH;

                kslot = pid + NR_TASKS;
                assert(kslot < NR_TASKS);
        } else {
                if ((mslot = get_mslot(pid)) == NO_SLOT)
                        return ESRCH;

                kslot = NR_TASKS + mslot;
        }

        if (oldp == NULL)
                return sizeof(mpd);

        kp = &proc_tab[kslot];

        mflags = (pid > 0) ? mproc_tab[mslot].mp_flags : 0;

        memset(&mpd, 0, sizeof(mpd));
        mpd.mpd_endpoint = kp->p_endpoint;
        if (mflags & PRIV_PROC)
                mpd.mpd_flags |= MPDF_SYSTEM;
        if (mflags & (TRACE_ZOMBIE | ZOMBIE))
                mpd.mpd_flags |= MPDF_ZOMBIE;
        else if ((mflags & TRACE_STOPPED) || RTS_ISSET(kp, RTS_P_STOP))
                mpd.mpd_flags |= MPDF_STOPPED;
        else if (proc_is_runnable(kp))
                mpd.mpd_flags |= MPDF_RUNNABLE;
        mpd.mpd_blocked_on = P_BLOCKEDON(kp);
        mpd.mpd_priority = kp->p_priority;
        mpd.mpd_user_time = kp->p_user_time;
        mpd.mpd_sys_time = kp->p_sys_time;
        mpd.mpd_cycles = kp->p_cycles;
        mpd.mpd_kipc_cycles = kp->p_kipc_cycles;
        mpd.mpd_kcall_cycles = kp->p_kcall_cycles;
        if (kslot >= NR_TASKS) {
                mpd.mpd_nice = mproc_tab[mslot].mp_nice;
                strlcpy(mpd.mpd_name, mproc_tab[mslot].mp_name,
                    sizeof(mpd.mpd_name));
        } else
                strlcpy(mpd.mpd_name, kp->p_name, sizeof(mpd.mpd_name));

        return mib_copyout(oldp, 0, &mpd, sizeof(mpd));
}