3 zic - time zone compiler
6 zic [ --version ] [ -v ] [ -d directory ] [ -l localtime ] [
7 -p posixrules ] [ -L leapsecondfilename ] [ -s ] [ -y
8 command ] [ filename ... ]
11 Zic reads text from the file(s) named on the command line
12 and creates the time conversion information files specified
13 in this input. If a filename is -, the standard input is
16 These options are available:
19 Output version information and exit.
22 Create time conversion information files in the named
23 directory rather than in the standard directory named
27 Use the given time zone as local time. Zic will act as
28 if the input contained a link line of the form
30 Link timezone localtime
33 Use the given time zone's rules when handling POSIX-
34 format time zone environment variables. Zic will act
35 as if the input contained a link line of the form
37 Link timezone posixrules
40 Read leap second information from the file with the
41 given name. If this option is not used, no leap second
42 information appears in output files.
44 -v Complain if a year that appears in a data file is
45 outside the range of years representable by time(2)
46 values. Also complain if a time of 24:00 (which cannot
47 be handled by pre-1998 versions of zic) appears in the
50 -s Limit time values stored in output files to values that
51 are the same whether they're taken to be signed or
52 unsigned. You can use this option to generate SVVS-
56 Use the given command rather than yearistype when
57 checking year types (see below).
59 Input lines are made up of fields. Fields are separated
60 from one another by any number of white space characters.
61 Leading and trailing white space on input lines is ignored.
62 An unquoted sharp character (#) in the input introduces a
63 comment which extends to the end of the line the sharp
64 character appears on. White space characters and sharp
65 characters may be enclosed in double quotes (") if they're
66 to be used as part of a field. Any line that is blank
67 (after comment stripping) is ignored. Non-blank lines are
68 expected to be of one of three types: rule lines, zone
69 lines, and link lines.
71 A rule line has the form
73 Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
77 Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
79 The fields that make up a rule line are:
81 NAME Gives the (arbitrary) name of the set of rules this
84 FROM Gives the first year in which the rule applies. Any
85 integer year can be supplied; the Gregorian calendar
86 is assumed. The word minimum (or an abbreviation)
87 means the minimum year representable as an integer.
88 The word maximum (or an abbreviation) means the
89 maximum year representable as an integer. Rules can
90 describe times that are not representable as time
91 values, with the unrepresentable times ignored; this
92 allows rules to be portable among hosts with
93 differing time value types.
95 TO Gives the final year in which the rule applies. In
96 addition to minimum and maximum (as above), the word
97 only (or an abbreviation) may be used to repeat the
98 value of the FROM field.
100 TYPE Gives the type of year in which the rule applies.
101 If TYPE is - then the rule applies in all years
102 between FROM and TO inclusive. If TYPE is something
103 else, then zic executes the command
105 to check the type of a year: an exit status of zero
106 is taken to mean that the year is of the given type;
107 an exit status of one is taken to mean that the year
108 is not of the given type.
110 IN Names the month in which the rule takes effect.
111 Month names may be abbreviated.
113 ON Gives the day on which the rule takes effect.
114 Recognized forms include:
116 5 the fifth of the month
117 lastSun the last Sunday in the month
118 lastMon the last Monday in the month
119 Sun>=8 first Sunday on or after the eighth
120 Sun<=25 last Sunday on or before the 25th
122 Names of days of the week may be abbreviated or
123 spelled out in full. Note that there must be no
124 spaces within the ON field.
126 AT Gives the time of day at which the rule takes
127 effect. Recognized forms include:
130 2:00 time in hours and minutes
131 15:00 24-hour format time (for times after noon)
132 1:28:14 time in hours, minutes, and seconds
135 where hour 0 is midnight at the start of the day,
136 and hour 24 is midnight at the end of the day. Any
137 of these forms may be followed by the letter w if
138 the given time is local "wall clock" time, s if the
139 given time is local "standard" time, or u (or g or
140 z) if the given time is universal time; in the
141 absence of an indicator, wall clock time is assumed.
143 SAVE Gives the amount of time to be added to local
144 standard time when the rule is in effect. This
145 field has the same format as the AT field (although,
146 of course, the w and s suffixes are not used).
149 Gives the "variable part" (for example, the "S" or
150 "D" in "EST" or "EDT") of time zone abbreviations to
151 be used when this rule is in effect. If this field
152 is -, the variable part is null.
154 A zone line has the form
156 Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
160 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:30 Aus CST 1971 Oct 31 2:00
162 The fields that make up a zone line are:
164 NAME The name of the time zone. This is the name used in
165 creating the time conversion information file for the
169 The amount of time to add to UTC to get standard time
170 in this zone. This field has the same format as the
171 AT and SAVE fields of rule lines; begin the field with
172 a minus sign if time must be subtracted from UTC.
175 The name of the rule(s) that apply in the time zone
176 or, alternately, an amount of time to add to local
177 standard time. If this field is - then standard time
178 always applies in the time zone.
181 The format for time zone abbreviations in this time
182 zone. The pair of characters %s is used to show where
183 the "variable part" of the time zone abbreviation
184 goes. Alternately, a slash (/) separates standard and
185 daylight abbreviations.
187 UNTIL The time at which the UTC offset or the rule(s) change
188 for a location. It is specified as a year, a month, a
189 day, and a time of day. If this is specified, the
190 time zone information is generated from the given UTC
191 offset and rule change until the time specified. The
192 month, day, and time of day have the same format as
193 the IN, ON, and AT columns of a rule; trailing columns
194 can be omitted, and default to the earliest possible
195 value for the missing columns.
197 The next line must be a "continuation" line; this has
198 the same form as a zone line except that the string
199 "Zone" and the name are omitted, as the continuation
200 line will place information starting at the time
201 specified as the UNTIL field in the previous line in
202 the file used by the previous line. Continuation
203 lines may contain an UNTIL field, just as zone lines
204 do, indicating that the next line is a further
207 A link line has the form
209 Link LINK-FROM LINK-TO
213 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul
215 The LINK-FROM field should appear as the NAME field in some
216 zone line; the LINK-TO field is used as an alternate name
219 Except for continuation lines, lines may appear in any order
222 Lines in the file that describes leap seconds have the
225 Leap YEAR MONTH DAY HH:MM:SS CORR R/S
229 Leap 1974 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S
231 The YEAR, MONTH, DAY, and HH:MM:SS fields tell when the leap
232 second happened. The CORR field should be "+" if a second
233 was added or "-" if a second was skipped. The R/S field
234 should be (an abbreviation of) "Stationary" if the leap
235 second time given by the other fields should be interpreted
236 as UTC or (an abbreviation of) "Rolling" if the leap second
237 time given by the other fields should be interpreted as
238 local wall clock time.
241 For areas with more than two types of local time, you may
242 need to use local standard time in the AT field of the
243 earliest transition time's rule to ensure that the earliest
244 transition time recorded in the compiled file is correct.
246 If, for a particular zone, a clock advance caused by the
247 start of daylight saving coincides with and is equal to a
248 clock retreat caused by a change in UTC offset, zic produces
249 a single transition to daylight saving at the new UTC offset
250 (without any change in wall clock time). To get separate
251 transitions use multiple zone continuation lines specifying
252 transition instants using universal time.
255 /usr/local/etc/zoneinfo standard directory used for created
259 newctime(3), tzfile(5), zdump(8)