1 .\" $NetBSD: kill.2,v 1.21 2008/07/13 15:16:26 dholland Exp $
3 .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
4 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
6 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
7 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
10 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
11 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14 .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
15 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
16 .\" without specific prior written permission.
18 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
19 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
20 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
21 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
22 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
23 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
24 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
25 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
26 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
27 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30 .\" @(#)kill.2 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
37 .Nd send signal to a process
43 .Fn kill "pid_t pid" "int sig"
47 function sends the signal given by
52 process or a group of processes.
54 may be one of the signals specified in
56 or it may be 0, in which case
57 error checking is performed but no
58 signal is actually sent.
59 This can be used to check the validity of
62 For a process to have permission to send a signal to a process designated
65 the real or effective user ID of the receiving process must match
66 that of the sending process or the user must have appropriate privileges
67 (such as given by a set-user-ID program or the user is the super-user).
68 A single exception is the signal SIGCONT, which may always be sent
69 to any descendant of the current process.
71 .It \&If Fa pid No \&is greater than zero :
73 is sent to the process whose ID is equal to
75 .It \&If Fa pid No \&is zero :
77 is sent to all processes whose process group ID is equal
78 to the process group ID of the sender, and for which the
79 process has permission;
82 .It \&If Fa pid No \&is \-1 :
83 If the user has super-user privileges,
84 the signal is sent to all processes excluding
85 system processes and the process sending the signal.
86 If the user is not the super user, the signal is sent to all processes
87 with the same uid as the user excluding the process sending the signal.
88 No error is returned if any process could be signaled.
91 For compatibility with System V,
92 if the process number is negative but not \-1,
93 the signal is sent to all processes whose process group ID
94 is equal to the absolute value of the process number.
98 Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned.
99 Otherwise, a value of \-1 is returned and
101 is set to indicate the error.
104 will fail and no signal will be sent if:
108 is not a valid signal number.
110 No process can be found corresponding to that specified by
113 The process id was given as 0
114 but the sending process does not have a process group.
116 The sending process is not the super-user and its effective
117 user id does not match the effective user-id of the receiving process.
118 When signaling a process group, this error is returned if any members
119 of the group could not be signaled.
130 function is expected to conform to