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30 .\" @(#)send.2 8.2 (Berkeley) 2/21/94
39 .Nd send a message from a socket
45 .Fn send "int s" "const void *msg" "size_t len" "int flags"
47 .Fn sendto "int s" "const void *msg" "size_t len" "int flags" "const struct sockaddr *to" "socklen_t tolen"
49 .Fn sendmsg "int s" "const struct msghdr *msg" "int flags"
55 are used to transmit a message to another socket.
57 may be used only when the socket is in a
63 may be used at any time.
65 The address of the target is given by
70 The length of the message is given by
72 If the message is too long to pass atomically through the
73 underlying protocol, the error
76 the message is not transmitted.
78 No indication of failure to deliver is implicit in a
80 Locally detected errors are indicated by a return value of \-1.
82 If no messages space is available at the socket to hold
83 the message to be transmitted, then
85 normally blocks, unless the socket has been placed in
86 non-blocking I/O mode.
91 call may be used to determine when it is possible to
96 parameter may include one or more of the following:
98 #define MSG_OOB 0x0001 /* process out-of-band data */
99 #define MSG_PEEK 0x0002 /* peek at incoming message */
100 #define MSG_DONTROUTE 0x0004 /* bypass routing, use direct interface */
101 #define MSG_EOR 0x0008 /* data completes record */
102 #define MSG_NOSIGNAL 0x0400 /* do not generate SIGPIPE on EOF */
109 data on sockets that support this notion (e.g.
111 the underlying protocol must also support
115 is used to indicate a record mark for protocols which support the
118 .\" requests that the sender side of a socket be shut down, and that an
119 .\" appropriate indication be sent at the end of the specified data;
120 .\" this flag is only implemented for
124 .\" protocol family, and is used to implement Transaction
129 is usually used only by diagnostic or routing programs.
133 for a description of the
139 generation when writing a socket that
142 The call returns the number of characters sent, or \-1
143 if an error occurred.
152 An invalid descriptor was specified.
158 An invalid user space address was specified for a parameter.
160 The socket requires that message be sent atomically,
161 and the size of the message to be sent made this impossible.
163 In a connected socket the connection has been broken.
164 .It Bq Er EDSTADDRREQ
165 In a non-connected socket a destination address has not been specified.
166 .It Bq Er EAGAIN|EWOULDBLOCK
167 The socket is marked non-blocking and the requested operation
170 The system was unable to allocate an internal buffer.
171 The operation may succeed when buffers become available.
173 The output queue for a network interface was full.
174 This generally indicates that the interface has stopped sending,
175 but may be caused by transient congestion.
177 The SO_BROADCAST option is not set on the socket, and a broadcast address
178 was given as the destination.
179 .It Bq Er EHOSTUNREACH
180 The destination for the message is unreachable.
182 The destination is a host on the local subnet and does not respond to
185 The total length of the I/O is more than can be expressed by the ssize_t
187 .It Bq Er EAFNOSUPPORT
188 Addresses in the specified address family cannot be used with this socket.
195 A destination address was specified and the socket is already connected.
206 structure is less than or equal to 0
220 function call appeared in