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1 # <pre>
2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
9 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
10 #
11 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14 #
15 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
20 #
21 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23 #
24 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26 # I found in the UCLA library.
27 #
28 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
29 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
30 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
31 #
32 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
33 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
34 #
35 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
36 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
37 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
38 # `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
39 # `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
40 # `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
41 # the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
42 # He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
43 #
44 # To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
45 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
46 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
47 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
48 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
49 #
50 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
51 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
52 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
53 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
54 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
55 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
56 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
57 # I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
58 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
59 # until we get more information.
60 #
61 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
62 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
63 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
64 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
65 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
67 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
68 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
70 # Algeria
71 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
72 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
73 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
74 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
75 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
76 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
77 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
78 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
79 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
80 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
81 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
82 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
83 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
84 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
85 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
86 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
87 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
88 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
89 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
90 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
91 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
92 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
93 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
94 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
95 # more precise 0:09:21.
96 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
106 1:00 - CET
108 # Angola
109 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
110 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
111 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
112 1:00 - WAT
114 # Benin
115 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
116 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
117 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
118 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
119 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
120 1:00 - WAT
122 # Botswana
123 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
124 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
125 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
127 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
128 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
129 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
130 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
131 2:00 - CAT
133 # Burkina Faso
134 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
135 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
136 0:00 - GMT
138 # Burundi
139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
140 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
141 2:00 - CAT
143 # Cameroon
144 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
145 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
146 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
147 1:00 - WAT
149 # Cape Verde
150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
151 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
152 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
153 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
154 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
155 -1:00 - CVT
157 # Central African Republic
158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
159 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
160 1:00 - WAT
162 # Chad
163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
164 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
165 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
166 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
167 1:00 - WAT
169 # Comoros
170 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
171 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
172 3:00 - EAT
174 # Democratic Republic of Congo
175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
176 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
177 1:00 - WAT
178 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
179 2:00 - CAT
181 # Republic of the Congo
182 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
183 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
184 1:00 - WAT
186 # Cote D'Ivoire
187 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
188 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
189 0:00 - GMT
191 # Djibouti
192 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
193 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
194 3:00 - EAT
196 ###############################################################################
198 # Egypt
200 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
201 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
202 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
203 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
205 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
206 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
207 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
208 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
209 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
210 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
211 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
212 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
213 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
214 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
215 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
216 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
217 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
218 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
219 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
220 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
221 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
222 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
223 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
224 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
225 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
226 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
228 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
229 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
230 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
231 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
232 #
233 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
234 # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168">
235 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
236 # </a>
237 # or
238 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html">
239 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
240 # </a>
241 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
242 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
243 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
244 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
245 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
246 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
247 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
248 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
249 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
250 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
251 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
252 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
253 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
254 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
255 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
256 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
257 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -
258 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
259 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
260 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
261 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
262 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
263 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
264 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
265 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
266 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
268 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
269 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
270 #
271 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
272 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
273 # Apr 23
274 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
275 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
276 # Apr 24
277 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
278 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
279 # Aug 27
280 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
281 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
282 # Aug 27
283 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
284 #
285 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
286 # :59)
287 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
288 #
289 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
290 #
291 # [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263">
292 # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
293 # </a>
294 # [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53">
295 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
296 # </a>
297 # [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/">
298 # http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
299 # </a>
301 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
302 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
303 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
304 # in September.
306 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
307 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
308 # Information and Decision Support Center:
309 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html">
310 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
311 # </a>
312 #
313 # The Middle East News Agency
314 # <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx">
315 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
316 # </a>
317 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
318 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
319 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
320 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
321 # (at least today).
323 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
324 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
325 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
326 # Ramadan.
327 #
328 # Arabic translation:
329 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
330 # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again">
331 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
332 # </a>
333 # or
334 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html">
335 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
336 # </a>
338 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -
339 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 -
340 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
341 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S
342 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
344 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
345 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
346 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
348 # Equatorial Guinea
349 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
350 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
351 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
352 1:00 - WAT
354 # Eritrea
355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
356 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
357 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
358 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
359 3:00 - EAT
361 # Ethiopia
362 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
363 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
364 # between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
365 # We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
366 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
367 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
368 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
369 3:00 - EAT
371 # Gabon
372 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
373 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
374 1:00 - WAT
376 # Gambia
377 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
378 Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
379 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
380 -1:00 - WAT 1964
381 0:00 - GMT
383 # Ghana
384 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
385 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
386 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
387 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
388 Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
389 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
391 0:00 Ghana %s
393 # Guinea
394 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
395 Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
396 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
397 -1:00 - WAT 1960
398 0:00 - GMT
400 # Guinea-Bissau
401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
402 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
403 -1:00 - WAT 1975
404 0:00 - GMT
406 # Kenya
407 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
408 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
409 3:00 - EAT 1930
410 2:30 - BEAT 1940
411 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
412 3:00 - EAT
414 # Lesotho
415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
416 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
417 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
418 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
419 2:00 - SAST
421 # Liberia
422 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
423 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
424 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
425 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
426 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
427 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
428 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
429 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
431 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
432 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
433 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
434 0:00 - GMT
436 ###############################################################################
438 # Libya
440 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
441 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
442 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
443 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
444 #
445 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
446 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
447 #
448 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
449 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
450 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
451 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
452 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
454 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
455 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
456 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
457 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
458 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
459 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
460 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
461 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
462 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
463 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
464 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
465 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
466 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
467 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
468 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
469 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
470 Rule Libya 2013 max - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
471 Rule Libya 2013 max - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
472 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
473 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
474 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
475 2:00 - EET 1982
476 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
477 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
478 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
479 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
480 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
481 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
482 1:00 Libya CE%sT
484 # Madagascar
485 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
486 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
487 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
488 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
489 3:00 - EAT
491 # Malawi
492 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
493 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
494 2:00 - CAT
496 # Mali
497 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
498 Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
499 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
500 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
501 0:00 - GMT
503 # Mauritania
504 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
505 Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
506 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
507 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
508 0:00 - GMT
510 # Mauritius
512 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
513 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
514 # basis....
515 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
516 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
517 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
519 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
520 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
522 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
523 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
524 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
525 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
527 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
528 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
530 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
531 # According to
532 # <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">
533 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
534 # </a>
535 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
536 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
537 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
538 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
539 #
540 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
541 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
542 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
543 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
544 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
545 # changes two days later.
547 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
548 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
549 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
550 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
551 #
552 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
553 # de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
554 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
555 # ...
556 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">
557 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
558 # </a>
560 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
561 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
562 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">
563 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
564 # </a>
565 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
566 #
567 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
568 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
569 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
570 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
571 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
572 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
573 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
574 # year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
575 # and end on 29 March 2009.
577 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
578 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
579 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
580 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
581 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf">
582 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
583 # </a>
585 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
586 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
587 # DST the coming summer...
588 #
589 # Some sources, in French:
590 # <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB">
591 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
592 # </a>
593 # <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-">
594 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
595 # </a>
596 #
597 # Our wrap-up:
598 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html">
599 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
600 # </a>
602 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
603 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
604 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
605 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
607 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
608 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
609 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
610 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
611 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
612 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
613 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
614 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
615 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
616 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
618 # Mayotte
619 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
620 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
621 3:00 - EAT
623 # Morocco
624 # See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
626 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
627 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
628 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
629 #
630 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
631 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
632 # Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
633 #
634 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">
635 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
636 # </a>
637 # OR
638 # <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">
639 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
640 # </a>
642 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
643 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
644 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">
645 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
646 # </a>
647 #
648 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
649 # spokesman.
651 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
652 # According to this article:
653 # <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">
654 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
655 # </a>
656 # (and republished here:
657 # <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">
658 # http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
659 # </a>
660 # )
661 # the changes occurs at midnight:
662 #
663 # saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
664 # intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
665 # sunday night the 28th at midnight
666 #
667 # Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
668 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
669 # monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
670 # june1st to sept 27th.
671 #
672 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
673 # published on the web.
674 #
675 # It's also confirmed here:
676 # <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">
677 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
678 # </a>
679 # on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
680 # posted in english).
681 #
682 # The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
683 # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">
684 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
685 # </a>
687 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
688 # Is Western Sahara (part which administrated by Morocco) going to follow
689 # Morocco DST changes? Any information? What about other part of
690 # Western Sahara - under administration of POLISARIO Front (also named
691 # SADR Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic)?
693 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-09):
694 # XXX--guess that it is only Morocco for now; guess only 2008 for now.
696 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
697 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
698 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
699 # of September:
700 #
701 # One article about it (in French):
702 # <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">
703 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
704 # </a>
705 #
706 # We have some further details posted here:
707 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">
708 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
709 # </a>
711 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
712 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
713 # to many sources, such as
714 # <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html">
715 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
716 # </a>
717 # <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312">
718 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
719 # </a>
720 # (French)
721 #
722 # Our summary:
723 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html">
724 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
725 # </a>
727 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
728 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
729 # Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
730 #
731 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
732 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
733 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
734 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
735 #
736 # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf">
737 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
738 # </a>
739 #
740 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html">
741 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
742 # </a>
744 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
745 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
746 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
747 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
748 #
749 # Example:
750 # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html">
751 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
752 # </a>
753 # (French)
754 # Our page:
755 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html">
756 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
757 # </a>
759 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
760 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
761 # The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
762 # The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
763 # ...Official links of change in morocco
764 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
765 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
766 # +212.537.71.84.00
767 # <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/">
768 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
769 # </a>
770 # They said that
771 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view">
772 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
773 # </a>
774 # is the official publication to look at.
775 # They said that the decision was already taken.
776 #
777 # More articles in the press
778 # <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev">
779 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
780 # </a>
781 # e.html
782 # <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923">
783 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
784 # </a>
785 # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim">
786 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
787 # anche-prochain-5538.html
788 # </a>
790 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
791 # They have it written in English here:
792 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view">
793 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
794 # </a>
795 #
796 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
797 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
798 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
799 # also been like that in the past.
801 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
802 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
803 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
804 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
805 # <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9">
806 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
807 # </a>
808 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
809 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
810 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
811 # except the month of Ramadan.
812 # or (brief)
813 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html">
814 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
815 # </a>
817 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
818 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
819 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
820 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
821 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
822 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
824 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
825 # Seen Morocco change again:
826 # <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php">
827 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
828 # </a>
829 # "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
830 # comme annoncé précédemment."
832 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
833 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
834 # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288">
835 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
836 # </a>
837 #
838 # Google translation, lightly edited:
839 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
840 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
841 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
842 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
843 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
844 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
845 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
846 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
847 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
849 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
850 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
851 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
852 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
853 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
854 # <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>.
856 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
857 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
858 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
859 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
861 # From Paul Eggert (2013-07-03):
862 # To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
863 # transition dates for 2014 through 2021 were determined by running
864 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
865 #
866 # (let ((islamic-year 1435))
867 # (while (< islamic-year 1444)
868 # (let ((a
869 # (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
870 # (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
871 # (b
872 # (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
873 # (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))
874 # (insert
875 # (format
876 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
877 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
878 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
879 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
880 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
881 #
882 # with the results hand-edited for 2020-2022, when the normal spring-forward
883 # date falls during the estimated Ramadan.
884 #
885 # From 2023 through 2038 Ramadan is not predicted to overlap with
886 # daylight saving time. Starting in 2039 there will be overlap again,
887 # but 32-bit time_t values roll around in 2038 so for now do not worry
888 # about dates after 2038.
890 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
892 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
893 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
894 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
895 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
896 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
897 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
898 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
899 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
900 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
901 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
902 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
903 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
904 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
905 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
906 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
907 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
908 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
909 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
910 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
911 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
912 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
913 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
914 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
915 Rule Morocco 2012 2019 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
916 Rule Morocco 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
917 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
918 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
919 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
920 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
921 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 29 3:00 0 -
922 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jul 29 2:00 1:00 S
923 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 18 3:00 0 -
924 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S
925 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 7 3:00 0 -
926 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 7 2:00 1:00 S
927 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 27 3:00 0 -
928 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S
929 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 16 3:00 0 -
930 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 15 2:00 1:00 S
931 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 6 3:00 0 -
932 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 5 2:00 1:00 S
933 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
934 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 13 2:00 1:00 S
935 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 3 2:00 1:00 S
936 Rule Morocco 2023 max - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
938 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
939 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
940 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
941 1:00 - CET 1986
942 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
943 # Western Sahara
944 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
945 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
946 0:00 - WET
948 # Mozambique
949 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
950 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
951 2:00 - CAT
953 # Namibia
954 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
955 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
957 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
958 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
959 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
960 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
961 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
962 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
963 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
964 # of the country.
965 #
966 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
967 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
968 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
970 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
971 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
972 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
973 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
974 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
975 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
976 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
977 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
978 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
979 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
980 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
982 # Niger
983 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
984 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
985 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
986 0:00 - GMT 1960
987 1:00 - WAT
989 # Nigeria
990 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
991 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
992 1:00 - WAT
994 # Reunion
995 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
996 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
997 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
998 #
999 # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
1000 # The following information about them is taken from
1001 # Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
1002 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1003 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1004 #
1005 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1006 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1007 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1008 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1009 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1011 # Rwanda
1012 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1013 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
1014 2:00 - CAT
1016 # St Helena
1017 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1018 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
1019 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
1020 0:00 - GMT
1021 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1022 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1023 # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
1024 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1025 # on GMT, says the CIA
1026 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
1028 # Sao Tome and Principe
1029 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1030 Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
1031 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
1032 0:00 - GMT
1034 # Senegal
1035 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1036 Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
1037 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
1038 0:00 - GMT
1040 # Seychelles
1041 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1042 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1043 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1044 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1045 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1046 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1047 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1048 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1049 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1051 # Sierra Leone
1052 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1053 # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1054 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
1055 Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
1056 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
1057 Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
1058 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1059 Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
1060 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
1061 -1:00 SL %s 1957
1062 0:00 SL %s
1064 # Somalia
1065 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1066 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
1067 3:00 - EAT 1931
1068 2:30 - BEAT 1957
1069 3:00 - EAT
1071 # South Africa
1072 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1073 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1074 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1075 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1076 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1077 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1078 2:00 SA SAST
1079 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1080 # scientific station since 1947
1081 # no information
1083 # Sudan
1084 #
1085 # From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
1086 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
1087 # </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1088 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1089 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1090 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1091 #
1092 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1093 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1094 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1095 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1096 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1097 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1098 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1099 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1100 3:00 - EAT
1102 # South Sudan
1103 Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:24 - LMT 1931
1104 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1105 3:00 - EAT
1107 # Swaziland
1108 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1109 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
1110 2:00 - SAST
1112 # Tanzania
1113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1114 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
1115 3:00 - EAT 1948
1116 2:45 - BEAUT 1961
1117 3:00 - EAT
1119 # Togo
1120 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1121 Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
1122 0:00 - GMT
1124 # Tunisia
1126 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1127 # My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1128 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1129 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1130 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1131 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1132 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1133 # Saturday." (My translation)
1134 #
1135 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1136 # LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1137 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
1138 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1139 # 1h standard time.
1140 #
1141 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1142 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1143 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1144 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1145 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1147 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1148 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1149 # (Arabic)
1150 # <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546">
1151 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1152 # </a>
1153 # <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp">
1154 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1155 # </a>
1156 #
1157 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1158 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1159 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html">
1160 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1161 # </a>
1163 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1164 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1165 #
1166 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1167 #
1168 # (in English)
1169 # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157">
1170 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1171 # </a>
1172 #
1173 # (in Arabic)
1174 # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1">
1175 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1176 # </a>
1178 # From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
1179 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
1180 # that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
1181 # Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
1182 # So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1184 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1185 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1186 #
1187 # (translation):
1188 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1189 # Sunday...
1190 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1191 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1192 #
1193 # (in Arabic)
1194 # <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1">
1195 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1196 # <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036">
1197 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1198 # or
1199 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html">
1200 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1202 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1203 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1204 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1205 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1206 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1207 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1208 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1209 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1210 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1211 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1212 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1213 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1214 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1215 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1216 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1217 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1218 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1219 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1220 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1221 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1222 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1223 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1224 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1225 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1226 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1227 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1229 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1230 # more precise 0:09:21.
1231 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1232 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1233 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1234 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1235 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
1237 # Uganda
1238 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1239 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
1240 3:00 - EAT 1930
1241 2:30 - BEAT 1948
1242 2:45 - BEAUT 1957
1243 3:00 - EAT
1245 # Zambia
1246 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1247 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
1248 2:00 - CAT
1250 # Zimbabwe
1251 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1252 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
1253 2:00 - CAT