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1 # <pre>
2 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5 # From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
6 # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
7 # <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/">
8 # COMNAP - Stations and Bases
9 # </a>
10 # and
11 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
12 # Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
13 # </a>
14 # for information.
15 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
16 #
17 # Except for the French entries,
18 # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
19 # FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
21 # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
22 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
23 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
24 Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
25 Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
26 Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
27 Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
28 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
29 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
30 Rule ChileAQ 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
31 Rule ChileAQ 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
32 Rule ChileAQ 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
33 Rule ChileAQ 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
34 Rule ChileAQ 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
35 Rule ChileAQ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
36 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
37 Rule ChileAQ 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
38 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
39 Rule ChileAQ 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
40 Rule ChileAQ 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
41 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
42 Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
43 Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
44 Rule ChileAQ 1999 2010 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
45 Rule ChileAQ 2000 2007 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
46 # N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
47 # which is used below in specifying the transition.
48 Rule ChileAQ 2008 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
49 Rule ChileAQ 2009 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
50 Rule ChileAQ 2010 only - Apr Sun>=1 3:00u 0 -
51 Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - May Sun>=2 3:00u 0 -
52 Rule ChileAQ 2011 only - Aug Sun>=16 4:00u 1:00 S
53 Rule ChileAQ 2012 max - Apr Sun>=23 3:00u 0 -
54 Rule ChileAQ 2012 max - Sep Sun>=2 4:00u 1:00 S
56 # Argentina - year-round bases
57 # Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
58 # Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
59 # Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
60 # Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
61 # Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
62 # San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21
63 # (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
65 # Australia - territories
66 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
67 # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
68 # <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
69 # Margaret Turner reports
70 # </a> (1999-09-30) that they're UTC+5, with no DST;
71 # presumably this is when they have visitors.
72 #
73 # year-round bases
74 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
75 # Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
76 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
77 # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
79 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
80 # Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
81 # Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
82 # Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
83 # Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
84 # The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
85 #
86 # Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
87 # <a href="http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079">
88 # http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
89 # </a>
90 #
91 # We have more background information here:
92 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html">
93 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
94 # </a>
96 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
97 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
98 #
99 # - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
100 # The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
101 # has not been decided yet.
102 #
103 # - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
104 # 20:00 UTC.
105 #
106 # - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
107 #
108 # Background:
109 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html">
110 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
111 # </a>
113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
114 Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
115 8:00 - WST 2009 Oct 18 2:00
116 # Western (Aus) Standard Time
117 11:00 - CAST 2010 Mar 5 2:00
118 # Casey Time
119 8:00 - WST 2011 Oct 28 2:00
120 11:00 - CAST 2012 Feb 21 17:00u
121 8:00 - WST
122 Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
123 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
124 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
125 7:00 - DAVT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
126 5:00 - DAVT 2010 Mar 10 20:00u
127 7:00 - DAVT 2011 Oct 28 2:00
128 5:00 - DAVT 2012 Feb 21 20:00u
129 7:00 - DAVT
130 Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
131 6:00 - MAWT 2009 Oct 18 2:00
132 # Mawson Time
133 5:00 - MAWT
134 # References:
135 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
136 # Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
137 # </a>
138 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html">
139 # Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
140 # </a>
141 # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html">
142 # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
143 # </a>
145 # Brazil - year-round base
146 # Comandante Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
148 # Chile - year-round bases and towns
149 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
150 # Presidente Eduadro Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
151 # General Bernardo O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
152 # Capitan Arturo Prat, -6230-05941
153 # Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
154 # These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
156 # China - year-round bases
157 # Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
158 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
160 # France - year-round bases
161 #
162 # From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
163 # Time data are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
164 # (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
165 # She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adelie bases
166 # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came
167 # from Tasmania.
168 #
169 # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
170 #
171 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
172 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
173 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
174 # whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
175 #
176 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
177 # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
178 #
179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
180 Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
181 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
182 #
183 # year-round base in the main continent
184 # Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
185 #
186 # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
187 # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
188 #
189 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
190 Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
191 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
192 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
193 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
194 # Reference:
195 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station">
196 # Dumont d'Urville Station (2005-12-05)
197 # </a>
199 # Germany - year-round base
200 # Georg von Neumayer, -7039-00815
202 # India - year-round base
203 # Dakshin Gangotri, -7005+01200
205 # Japan - year-round bases
206 # Dome Fuji, -7719+03942
207 # Syowa, -690022+0393524
208 #
209 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
210 # In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
211 #
212 # Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
213 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
214 # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
215 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
216 Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
217 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
218 # See:
219 # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
220 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
221 # </a>
223 # S Korea - year-round base
224 # King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
226 # New Zealand - claims
227 # Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
228 # Scott Island (never inhabited)
229 #
230 # year-round base
231 # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo.
232 #
233 # These rules for New Zealand are stolen from the `australasia' file.
234 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
235 Rule NZAQ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
236 Rule NZAQ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
237 Rule NZAQ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
238 Rule NZAQ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
239 Rule NZAQ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
240 Rule NZAQ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
241 Rule NZAQ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
242 Rule NZAQ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
243 Rule NZAQ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
245 # Norway - territories
246 # Bouvet (never inhabited)
247 #
248 # claims
249 # Peter I Island (never inhabited)
251 # Poland - year-round base
252 # Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
254 # Russia - year-round bases
255 # Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
256 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
257 # Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
258 # year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
259 # Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
260 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
262 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
263 # <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
264 # From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
265 # Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
266 # time as Moscow, Russia.
267 #
268 # From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
269 # I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
270 # what they had to say about time there:
271 # ``in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
272 # time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
273 # 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
274 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
275 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
276 #
277 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
278 # This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
279 # in person. He said that some Antartic locations set their local
280 # time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
281 # changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
282 # solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
283 # happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
284 # it is at Vostok. But we'll guess UTC+6.
285 #
286 Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
287 6:00 - VOST # Vostok time
289 # S Africa - year-round bases
290 # Marion Island, -4653+03752
291 # Sanae, -7141-00250
293 # UK
294 #
295 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
296 # South Orkney Islands
297 # scientific station from 1903
298 # whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
299 # South Shetland Islands
300 #
301 # year-round bases
302 # Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
303 # Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
304 # scientific station 1943/1967,
305 # previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
306 # and a garrison was deployed briefly
307 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
308 # Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
309 # so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
310 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
311 #
312 # From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
313 # <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 all year.
314 #
315 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
316 Zone Antarctica/Rothera 0 - zzz 1976 Dec 1
317 -3:00 - ROTT # Rothera time
319 # Uruguay - year round base
320 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
322 # USA - year-round bases
323 #
324 # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
325 #
326 # From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
327 # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
328 # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
329 # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
330 # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
331 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
332 #
333 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
334 Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
335 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
336 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
337 -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
338 #
339 #
340 # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
341 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
342 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
343 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
344 #
345 # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
346 #
347 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
348 # Normally it wouldn't have a separate entry, since it's like the
349 # larger Antarctica/McMurdo since 1970, but it's too famous to omit.
350 #
351 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
352 # Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
353 # stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
354 # but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
355 # as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
356 # which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
357 # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.)
358 #
359 # From Susan Smith
360 # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
361 # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
362 # We use the same time as McMurdo does.
363 # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
364 # One last quirk about South Pole time.
365 # All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
366 # Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
367 # makes all of the clocks run fast. So every couple of days,
368 # we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
369 # Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
370 #
371 Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole