1 httpd documentation 7/16/96 by Michael Temari <Michael@TemWare.Com>
2 updated 2003-07-05 by Al Woodhull <awoodhull@hampshire.edu>
11 Please send me any bug reports, comments, questions, etc... My email
12 address is Michael@TemWare.Com
17 httpd is a World Wide Web (WWW) server. I wrote it from scratch so
18 the setup and configuration will not be like other web servers though
19 hopefully by reading this document there will be no problems in getting
20 my web server up and running on your Minix system.
25 To compile httpd all you need to do is type "make" in the httpd source
26 directory. There should be no errors or warnings. If you should run
27 out of memory when compiling try adding the -m option to the CFLAGS
33 To install httpd all you need to do is type "make install" in the httpd
34 source directory. By default the place to install httpd is into
35 /usr/local/bin. If you would like to change this then change BINDIR in
36 the Makefile. Httpd will be linked to in.httpd, which is the preferred
37 name for a program started by the tcpd internet access control program.
38 The program dir2html is also installed -- this provides a directory
39 listing when a web client accesses a directory which does not contain a
40 file named index.html (or an alternative designated in /etc/httpd.conf).
41 The man pages are installed by typing "make installman".
45 Before running httpd it must be configured. The name of the default
46 configuration file is /etc/httpd.conf or you may pass the configuration
47 file name to httpd. Upon starting up, httpd will parse the configuration
48 file and then process requests. This README file and the sample httpd.conf
49 may also help in configuring. The httpd.conf.5 man page presents the same
50 information for reference use.
53 The configuration file is an ascii file which consists of lines of the
56 directive LWS [parameters separated by LWS]
58 NOTE: LWS denotes Linear White Space which is spaces and/or tabs
60 The following are valid configuration file directives:
61 serverroot user chroot logfile dbgfile dirsend direxec vhost auth
62 proxyauth vpath include mtype
64 To make the file more readable, on directives which occupy multiple
65 lines you may omit the directive on lines after the first and begin
71 The serverroot directive sets the translation for // to the given path.
76 The user directive causes the server to run as the given username, otherwise
77 the server will run as whoever started it (normally root).
82 The chroot directive causes the server to chroot to the given directory after
83 the configuration and log files have been opened. Normally this will be the
84 home directory of the given username in the user directive.
85 NOTE: /~user will be translated to the home directory of the given user
86 // will be translated to the serverroot directory
87 NOTE: if this directive is used then beware of the consequences.
92 The logfile directive tells the server where to log http transactions.
93 NOTE: the file must exist to enable logging
98 The dbgfile directive tells the server where to log debug http transactions.
99 NOTE: the file must exist to enable logging
103 The dirsend directive tells the server that when a directory is requested
104 that it should send the first file that it finds in the directory from the
105 filelist for the request.
110 The direxec directive tells the server that when a directory is requested
111 and no file is found from the dirsend directive that it should run the
113 NOTE: the program normally generates a directory listing on the fly
114 NOTE: the program access is considered X with no access restrictions.
117 vhost hostname VhostRoot
119 vhost is for defining access for virtual hosts. If none are configured then
120 any host is accepted. If specified then access is only granted for requests
121 for hosts which are configured here. In the Vpath section below the /// gets
122 translated to the corresponding VhostRoot.
125 auth authname authdescription access [passwdfile [users]]
127 The auth directive sets up different authorizations with the server. The
128 authname is the name given to the authorization and is case insensitive.
129 The authdescription is the description of the authorization and is what
130 the user will see when asked to enter a username and password. The
131 access is one or more of (rwx). R tells the server the url can be
132 read. W tells the server the url can be overwritten. X tells the server
133 that the url can and should be executed. Access is in addition to normal
134 unix security considerations. For instance a file that can be written to
135 that does not have the W access will have an error returned. The
136 passwdfile is the name of the passwdfile to validate users against. If
137 the passwdfile is given as '.' then the system password file will be used
138 which is /etc/passwd. If no passwdfile is given then no authorization is
139 allowed for anyone. If no users are given then any validated users is
140 authorized, otherwise only the given users are allowed.
143 proxyauth authname authdescription access [passwdfile [users]]
145 proxyauth defines any access authorization to be used for Proxy access
146 authname = Same as auth above
147 authdescription = Same as auth above
148 access = Must be R to allow proxy
149 passwdfile = Same as auth above
150 users = Same as auth above
153 vpath from to [auth [access]]
155 The vpath directive sets up url path translations and authorizations. A
156 requested url that matches from will be translated to to with the given
157 auth and access. If auth does not exist then the url will have no access.
158 If access is not given then the access is taken from the auth record (see
159 above). A '.' in place of the to means that the server should use a
160 translation from another vpath record, but associate the given auth and
161 access with the requested url. A '*' maybe at the end only of the from
162 which is a wildcard match. For example if the from has /AB* then any of
163 /ABCDEF or /AB or /ABmichael will match, but /AD or /a will not. The
164 requested url is first checked against each vpath record until an exact
165 match (meaning url match from and from had no '*') is found or the end of
166 the list. Therefore a wildcard match will match the last from is the list
168 NOTE: if at the beginning of the to field
169 /~user will get translated to the home directory of the given user
170 // wile get translated to the serverroot directory
175 The include directive tells the server to read configuration information
176 from the given filename.
177 NOTE: normally mtype directives are included from another file
180 mtype mimetype extensions
182 The mtype directive tells the server what mimetype to associate with files
183 which have any of the given extensions. If no match is found then the file
184 will be treated as application/octet-stream.
185 NOTE: normally you get mtype directives in included file
191 httpd [-v|-t] [configuration-file]
193 The -t tells the server to just parse the configuration file so that you
194 can test it to see if it is the way you want it. You may also pass the
195 name of your configuration file if it is not the default /etc/httpd.conf.
197 The -v option prints the server version and then exits.
202 First of all httpd is a server and therefore you will need to start it
203 with tcpd. Tcpd is a program which listens for incoming TCP connections
204 on the passed port and when a connection comes in it forks and starts the
205 given daemon program. Therefore to start httpd you use:
207 tcpd http /usr/local/bin/in.httpd &
209 You will more than likely have this line in your /etc/rc or /etc/rc.net
210 file so that whenever your system is restarted the web server will also
211 be started. The first parameter http is the port that tcpd is going
212 to be listening for connections on. Here http (which should be defined
213 in /etc/services as 80) is the standard port for a web server. The second
214 parameter is the program that tcpd will fork and exec when a connection
215 comes in. The program will then have its stdin and stderr connected to
216 the client Then the web server program will start running with the tcpd
217 program waiting for the next connection. Currently there is no ability to
218 limit the number of simultaneous web servers running. NOTE: At some point
219 I will be adding the ability for httpd to start itself without the need of
220 tcpd. That way httpd will already be in memory and have parsed its
223 In Minix 2.0.3 and later versions you may use:
225 daemonize tcpd http /usr/local/bin/in.httpd
227 (daemonize is a shell function defined in /usr/etc/rc which starts programs
233 I wanted to get the server out as soon as possible so I hurried up and
234 created this document to help out. Hopefully it will HELP more than
235 it HURTS. If anyone is interested in writing man pages for httpd or any
236 of the other network programs please let me know.
242 Please note also the SECURITY document in this directory. (asw 2003-07-05)