4 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
5 software necessary to run the 2.6 kernels, as well as provide brief
6 instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when
7 trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x
8 kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for
9 additional information; most of that information will not be repeated
10 here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already
11 functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels.
13 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
14 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
15 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
18 Current Minimal Requirements
19 ============================
21 Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
22 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
23 running, the suggested command should tell you.
25 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already
26 functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are
27 necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN
28 hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with
31 o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
32 o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version
33 o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
34 o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
35 o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
36 o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
37 o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
38 o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs
39 o reiser4progs 1.0.0 # fsck.reiser4 -V
40 o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
41 o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
42 o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
43 o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
44 o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
45 o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
46 o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
47 o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
48 o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
49 o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
50 o udev 081 # udevinfo -V
51 o grub 0.93 # grub --version
60 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
66 You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
71 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
72 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
73 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
79 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
80 File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
89 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
90 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
92 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
94 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
95 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
96 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
97 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
98 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
99 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
100 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
101 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
106 New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
107 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
108 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
109 You'll probably want to upgrade.
114 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
115 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
116 In the 2.6 kernel it is generally preferred to build the kernel with
117 CONFIG_KALLSYMS so that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is
118 (this also produces better output than ksymoops).
119 If for some reason your kernel is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and
120 you have no way to rebuild and reproduce the Oops with that option, then
121 you can still decode that Oops with ksymoops.
126 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
127 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
132 These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
133 mkinitrd be upgraded.
138 The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
139 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
144 The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
145 The following utilities are available:
146 o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
147 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
148 o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
149 o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
154 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
155 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
156 versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
157 reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
162 The reiser4progs package contains utilities for the reiser4 file system.
163 Detailed instructions are provided in the README file located at:
164 <ftp://ftp.namesys.com/pub/reiser4progs/README>.
169 The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
170 xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
171 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
172 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
173 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
178 PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up
179 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
180 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
186 PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
187 kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs
193 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
194 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
195 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
196 from the table above.
201 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
202 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
203 udev you may need to:
206 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
207 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
209 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
210 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
215 If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to
216 version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems
217 with programs using shared memory.
221 udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
222 only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
223 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
229 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
230 options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
238 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
239 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
243 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
244 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
245 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
250 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
251 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
252 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
254 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
255 which can be made by:
257 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
264 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
265 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
270 In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any
271 client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
272 information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
273 mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
274 would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
276 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
277 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
278 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
279 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
281 With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it
282 gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate
283 export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on
284 rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently
287 To enable this new functionality, you need to:
289 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
291 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
292 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
298 In Linux 2.6.31+ the i386 kernel needs to run the mcelog utility
299 as a regular cronjob similar to the x86-64 kernel to process and log
300 machine check events when CONFIG_X86_NEW_MCE is enabled. Machine check
301 events are errors reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
302 All x86-64 kernels since 2.6.4 require the mcelog utility to
303 process machine checks.
305 Getting updated software
306 ========================
313 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
317 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
321 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
328 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
332 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
336 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
340 o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/>
344 o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
348 o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
352 o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz>
356 o <ftp://ftp.namesys.com/pub/reiser4progs/>
360 o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/>
364 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
368 o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/>
372 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
376 o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/>
380 o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
384 o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/>
388 o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/>
392 o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html>
396 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
400 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/mcelog/>
407 o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz>
411 o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz>
415 o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
419 o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
423 o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
427 o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
431 o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>