lib/gradelib.php

   1 <?php // $Id$
   2
   3 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   4 //                                                                       //
   5 // NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT                                                   //
   6 //                                                                       //
   7 // Moodle - Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment         //
   8 //          http://moodle.com                                            //
   9 //                                                                       //
  10 // Copyright (C) 2001-2003  Martin Dougiamas  http://dougiamas.com       //
  11 //                                                                       //
  12 // This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  //
  13 // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  //
  14 // the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     //
  15 // (at your option) any later version.                                   //
  16 //                                                                       //
  17 // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,       //
  18 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of        //
  19 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the         //
  20 // GNU General Public License for more details:                          //
  21 //                                                                       //
  22 //          http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html                         //
  23 //                                                                       //
  24 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  25
  26 /**
  27  * Library of functions for gradebook
  28  *
  29  * @author Moodle HQ developers
  30  * @version  $Id$
  31  * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU Public License
  32  * @package moodlecore
  33  */
  34
  35 // category aggregation types
  36 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_MEAN_ALL', 0);
  37 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_MEAN_GRADED', 1);
  38 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_MEDIAN_ALL', 2);
  39 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_MEDIAN_GRADED', 3);
  40 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_MIN_ALL', 4);
  41 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_MIN_GRADED', 5);
  42 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_MAX_ALL', 6);
  43 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_MAX_GRADED', 7);
  44 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_MODE_ALL', 8);
  45 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_MODE_GRADED', 9);
  46 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_WEIGHTED_MEAN_ALL', 10);
  47 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_WEIGHTED_MEAN_GRADED', 11);
  48 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_EXTRACREDIT_MEAN_ALL', 12);
  49 define('GRADE_AGGREGATE_EXTRACREDIT_MEAN_GRADED', 13);
  50
  51 // grade types
  52 define('GRADE_TYPE_NONE', 0);
  53 define('GRADE_TYPE_VALUE', 1);
  54 define('GRADE_TYPE_SCALE', 2);
  55 define('GRADE_TYPE_TEXT', 3);
  56
  57 // grade_update() return status
  58 define('GRADE_UPDATE_OK', 0);
  59 define('GRADE_UPDATE_FAILED', 1);
  60 define('GRADE_UPDATE_MULTIPLE', 2);
  61 define('GRADE_UPDATE_ITEM_DELETED', 3);
  62 define('GRADE_UPDATE_ITEM_LOCKED', 4);
  63
  64 // Grate teables history tracking actions
  65 define('GRADE_HISTORY_INSERT', 1);
  66 define('GRADE_HISTORY_UPDATE', 2);
  67 define('GRADE_HISTORY_DELETE', 3);
  68
  69 define('GRADE_REPORT_AGGREGATION_POSITION_LEFT', 0);
  70 define('GRADE_REPORT_AGGREGATION_POSITION_RIGHT', 1);
  71 define('GRADE_REPORT_AGGREGATION_VIEW_FULL', 0);
  72 define('GRADE_REPORT_AGGREGATION_VIEW_COMPACT', 1);
  73 define('GRADE_REPORT_GRADE_DISPLAY_TYPE_REAL', 0);
  74 define('GRADE_REPORT_GRADE_DISPLAY_TYPE_PERCENTAGE', 1);
  75 define('GRADE_REPORT_GRADE_DISPLAY_TYPE_LETTER', 2);
  76 define('GRADE_REPORT_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT', 'default');
  77 define('GRADE_REPORT_PREFERENCE_INHERIT', 'inherit');
  78 define('GRADE_REPORT_PREFERENCE_UNUSED', -1);
  79
  80 require_once($CFG->libdir . '/grade/grade_category.php');
  81 require_once($CFG->libdir . '/grade/grade_item.php');
  82 require_once($CFG->libdir . '/grade/grade_grade.php');
  83 require_once($CFG->libdir . '/grade/grade_scale.php');
  84 require_once($CFG->libdir . '/grade/grade_outcome.php');
  85 require_once($CFG->libdir . '/grade/grade_grade_text.php');
  86
  87 /***** PUBLIC GRADE API *****/
  88
  89 /**
  90  * Submit new or update grade; update/create grade_item definition. Grade must have userid specified,
  91  * rawgrade and feedback with format are optional. rawgrade NULL means 'Not graded', missing property
  92  * or key means do not change existing.
  93  *
  94  * Only following grade item properties can be changed 'itemname', 'idnumber', 'gradetype', 'grademax',
  95  * 'grademin', 'scaleid', 'multfactor', 'plusfactor', 'deleted'.
  96  *
  97  * @param string $source source of the grade such as 'mod/assignment', often used to prevent infinite loops when processing grade_updated events
  98  * @param int $courseid id of course
  99  * @param string $itemtype type of grade item - mod, block, gradecategory, calculated
 100  * @param string $itemmodule more specific then $itemtype - assignment, forum, etc.; maybe NULL for some item types
 101  * @param int $iteminstance instance it of graded subject
 102  * @param int $itemnumber most probably 0, modules can use other numbers when having more than one grades for each user
 103  * @param mixed $grades grade (object, array) or several grades (arrays of arrays or objects), NULL if updating rgade_item definition only\
 104  * @param mixed $itemdetails object or array describing the grading item, NULL if no change
 105  */
 106 function grade_update($source, $courseid, $itemtype, $itemmodule, $iteminstance, $itemnumber, $grades=NULL, $itemdetails=NULL) {
 107     global $USER;
 108
 109     // only following grade_item properties can be changed in this function
 110     $allowed = array('itemname', 'idnumber', 'gradetype', 'grademax', 'grademin', 'scaleid', 'multfactor', 'plusfactor', 'deleted');
 111
 112     // grade item identification
 113     $params = compact('courseid', 'itemtype', 'itemmodule', 'iteminstance', 'itemnumber');
 114
 115     if (is_null($courseid) or is_null($itemtype)) {
 116         debugging('Missing courseid or itemtype');
 117         return GRADE_UPDATE_FAILED;
 118     }
 119
 120     if (!$grade_items = grade_item::fetch_all($params)) {
 121         // create a new one
 122         $grade_item = false;
 123
 124     } else if (count($grade_items) == 1){
 125         $grade_item = reset($grade_items);
 126         unset($grade_items); //release memory
 127
 128     } else {
 129         debugging('Found more than one grade item');
 130         return GRADE_UPDATE_MULTIPLE;
 131     }
 132
 133     if (!empty($itemdetails['deleted'])) {
 134         if ($grade_item) {
 135             if ($grade_item->delete($source)) {
 136                 return GRADE_UPDATE_OK;
 137             } else {
 138                 return GRADE_UPDATE_FAILED;
 139             }
 140         }
 141         return GRADE_UPDATE_OK;
 142     }
 143
 144 /// Create or update the grade_item if needed
 145     if (!$grade_item) {
 146         if ($itemdetails) {
 147             $itemdetails = (array)$itemdetails;
 148
 149             // grademin and grademax ignored when scale specified
 150             if (array_key_exists('scaleid', $itemdetails)) {
 151                 if ($itemdetails['scaleid']) {
 152                     unset($itemdetails['grademin']);
 153                     unset($itemdetails['grademax']);
 154                 }
 155             }
 156
 157             foreach ($itemdetails as $k=>$v) {
 158                 if (!in_array($k, $allowed)) {
 159                     // ignore it
 160                     continue;
 161                 }
 162                 if ($k == 'gradetype' and $v == GRADE_TYPE_NONE) {
 163                     // no grade item needed!
 164                     return GRADE_UPDATE_OK;
 165                 }
 166                 $params[$k] = $v;
 167             }
 168         }
 169         $grade_item = new grade_item($params);
 170         $grade_item->insert();
 171
 172     } else {
 173         if ($grade_item->is_locked()) {
 174             debugging('Grading item is locked!');
 175             return GRADE_UPDATE_ITEM_LOCKED;
 176         }
 177
 178         if ($itemdetails) {
 179             $itemdetails = (array)$itemdetails;
 180             $update = false;
 181             foreach ($itemdetails as $k=>$v) {
 182                 if (!in_array($k, $allowed)) {
 183                     // ignore it
 184                     continue;
 185                 }
 186                 if ($grade_item->{$k} != $v) {
 187                     $grade_item->{$k} = $v;
 188                     $update = true;
 189                 }
 190             }
 191             if ($update) {
 192                 $grade_item->update();
 193             }
 194         }
 195     }
 196
 197 /// Some extra checks
 198     // do we use grading?
 199     if ($grade_item->gradetype == GRADE_TYPE_NONE) {
 200         return GRADE_UPDATE_OK;
 201     }
 202
 203     // no grade submitted
 204     if (empty($grades)) {
 205         return GRADE_UPDATE_OK;
 206     }
 207
 208 /// Finally start processing of grades
 209     if (is_object($grades)) {
 210         $grades = array($grades);
 211     } else {
 212         if (array_key_exists('userid', $grades)) {
 213             $grades = array($grades);
 214         }
 215     }
 216
 217     $failed = false;
 218     foreach ($grades as $grade) {
 219         $grade = (array)$grade;
 220         if (empty($grade['userid'])) {
 221             $failed = true;
 222             debugging('Invalid userid in grade submitted');
 223             continue;
 224         } else {
 225             $userid = $grade['userid'];
 226         }
 227
 228         $rawgrade       = false;
 229         $feedback       = false;
 230         $feedbackformat = FORMAT_MOODLE;
 231
 232         if (array_key_exists('rawgrade', $grade)) {
 233             $rawgrade = $grade['rawgrade'];
 234         }
 235
 236         if (array_key_exists('feedback', $grade)) {
 237             $feedback = $grade['feedback'];
 238         }
 239
 240         if (array_key_exists('feedbackformat', $grade)) {
 241             $feedbackformat = $grade['feedbackformat'];
 242         }
 243
 244         if (array_key_exists('usermodified', $grade)) {
 245             $usermodified = $grade['usermodified'];
 246         } else {
 247             $usermodified = $USER->id;
 248         }
 249
 250         // update or insert the grade
 251         if (!$grade_item->update_raw_grade($userid, $rawgrade, $source, null, $feedback, $feedbackformat, $usermodified)) {
 252             $failed = true;
 253         }
 254     }
 255
 256     if (!$failed) {
 257         return GRADE_UPDATE_OK;
 258     } else {
 259         return GRADE_UPDATE_FAILED;
 260     }
 261 }
 262
 263
 264 /**
 265 * Tells a module whether a grade (or grade_item if $userid is not given) is currently locked or not.
 266 * This is a combination of the actual settings in the grade tables and a check on moodle/course:editgradeswhenlocked.
 267 * If it's locked to the current use then the module can print a nice message or prevent editing in the module.
 268 * If no $userid is given, the method will always return the grade_item's locked state.
 269 * If a $userid is given, the method will first check the grade_item's locked state (the column). If it is locked,
 270 * the method will return true no matter the locked state of the specific grade being checked. If unlocked, it will
 271 * return the locked state of the specific grade.
 272 *
 273 * @param int $courseid id of course
 274 * @param string $itemtype 'mod', 'blocks', 'import', 'calculated' etc
 275 * @param string $itemmodule 'forum, 'quiz', 'csv' etc
 276 * @param int $iteminstance id of the item module
 277 * @param int $itemnumber most probably 0, modules can use other numbers when having more than one grades for each user
 278 * @param int $userid ID of the graded user
 279 * @return boolean Whether the grade is locked or not
 280 */
 281 function grade_is_locked($courseid, $itemtype, $itemmodule, $iteminstance, $itemnumber, $userid=NULL) {
 282
 283     if (!$grade_items = grade_item::fetch_all(compact('courseid', 'itemtype', 'itemmodule', 'iteminstance', 'itemnumber'))) {
 284         return false;
 285
 286     } else if (count($grade_items) == 1){
 287         $grade_item = reset($grade_items);
 288         return $grade_item->is_locked($userid);
 289
 290     } else {
 291         debugging('Found more than one grade item');
 292         foreach ($grade_items as $grade_item) {
 293             if ($grade_item->is_locked($userid)) {
 294                 return true;
 295             }
 296         }
 297         return false;
 298     }
 299 }
 300
 301 /***** END OF PUBLIC API *****/
 302
 303 function grade_force_full_regrading($courseid) {
 304     set_field('grade_items', 'needsupdate', 1, 'courseid', $courseid);
 305 }
 306
 307 /**
 308  * Updates all final grades in course.
 309  *
 310  * @param int $courseid
 311  * @param int $userid if specified, try to do a quick regrading of grades of this user only
 312  * @param object $updated_item the item in which
 313  * @return boolean true if ok, array of errors if problems found (item id is used as key)
 314  */
 315 function grade_regrade_final_grades($courseid, $userid=null, $updated_item=null) {
 316
 317     $course_item = grade_item::fetch_course_item($courseid);
 318
 319     if ($userid) {
 320         // one raw grade updated for one user
 321         if (empty($updated_item)) {
 322             error("updated_item_id can not be null!");
 323         }
 324         if ($course_item->needsupdate) {
 325             $updated_item->force_regrading();
 326             return 'Can not do fast regrading after updating of raw grades';
 327         }
 328
 329     } else {
 330         if (!$course_item->needsupdate) {
 331             // nothing to do :-)
 332             return true;
 333         }
 334     }
 335
 336     $grade_items = grade_item::fetch_all(array('courseid'=>$courseid));
 337     $depends_on = array();
 338
 339     // first mark all category and calculated items as needing regrading
 340     // this is slower, but 100% accurate - this function is called only when there is
 341     // a change in grading setup, update of individual grade does not trigger this function
 342     foreach ($grade_items as $gid=>$gitem) {
 343         if (!empty($updated_item) and $updated_item->id == $gid) {
 344             $grade_items[$gid]->needsupdate = 1;
 345
 346         } else if ($gitem->is_course_item() or $gitem->is_category_item() or $gitem->is_calculated()) {
 347             $grade_items[$gid]->needsupdate = 1;
 348         }
 349
 350         // construct depends_on lookup array
 351         $depends_on[$gid] = $grade_items[$gid]->depends_on();
 352     }
 353
 354     $errors = array();
 355     $finalids = array();
 356     $gids     = array_keys($grade_items);
 357     $failed = 0;
 358
 359     while (count($finalids) < count($gids)) { // work until all grades are final or error found
 360         $count = 0;
 361         foreach ($gids as $gid) {
 362             if (in_array($gid, $finalids)) {
 363                 continue; // already final
 364             }
 365
 366             if (!$grade_items[$gid]->needsupdate) {
 367                 $finalids[] = $gid; // we can make it final - does not need update
 368                 continue;
 369             }
 370
 371             $doupdate = true;
 372             foreach ($depends_on[$gid] as $did) {
 373                 if (!in_array($did, $finalids)) {
 374                     $doupdate = false;
 375                     continue; // this item depends on something that is not yet in finals array
 376                 }
 377             }
 378
 379             //oki - let's update, calculate or aggregate :-)
 380             if ($doupdate) {
 381                 $result = $grade_items[$gid]->regrade_final_grades($userid);
 382
 383                 if ($result === true) {
 384                     $grade_items[$gid]->regrading_finished();
 385                     $count++;
 386                     $finalids[] = $gid;
 387                 } else {
 388                     $grade_items[$gid]->force_regrading();
 389                     $errors[$gid] = $result;
 390                 }
 391             }
 392         }
 393
 394         if ($count == 0) {
 395             $failed++;
 396         } else {
 397             $failed = 0;
 398         }
 399
 400         if ($failed > 1) {
 401             foreach($gids as $gid) {
 402                 if (in_array($gid, $finalids)) {
 403                     continue; // this one is ok
 404                 }
 405                 $grade_items[$gid]->force_regrading();
 406                 $errors[$grade_items[$gid]->id] = 'Probably circular reference or broken calculation formula'; // TODO: localize
 407             }
 408             break; // oki, found error
 409         }
 410     }
 411
 412     if (count($errors) == 0) {
 413         return true;
 414     } else {
 415         return $errors;
 416     }
 417 }
 418
 419 /**
 420  * For backwards compatibility with old third-party modules, this function can
 421  * be used to import all grades from activities with legacy grading.
 422  * @param int $courseid or null if all courses
 423  */
 424 function grade_grab_legacy_grades($courseid=null) {
 425
 426     global $CFG;
 427
 428     if (!$mods = get_list_of_plugins('mod') ) {
 429         error('No modules installed!');
 430     }
 431
 432     if ($courseid) {
 433         $course_sql = " AND cm.course=$courseid";
 434     } else {
 435         $course_sql = "";
 436     }
 437
 438     foreach ($mods as $mod) {
 439
 440         if ($mod == 'NEWMODULE') {   // Someone has unzipped the template, ignore it
 441             continue;
 442         }
 443
 444         if (!$module = get_record('modules', 'name', $mod)) {
 445             //not installed
 446             continue;
 447         }
 448
 449         if (!$module->visible) {
 450             //disabled module
 451             continue;
 452         }
 453
 454         $fullmod = $CFG->dirroot.'/mod/'.$mod;
 455
 456         // include the module lib once
 457         if (file_exists($fullmod.'/lib.php')) {
 458             include_once($fullmod.'/lib.php');
 459             // look for modname_grades() function - old gradebook pulling function
 460             // if present sync the grades with new grading system
 461             $gradefunc = $mod.'_grades';
 462             if (function_exists($gradefunc)) {
 463
 464                 // get all instance of the activity
 465                 $sql = "SELECT a.*, cm.idnumber as cmidnumber, m.name as modname
 466                           FROM {$CFG->prefix}$mod a, {$CFG->prefix}course_modules cm, {$CFG->prefix}modules m
 467                          WHERE m.name='$mod' AND m.id=cm.module AND cm.instance=a.id $course_sql";
 468
 469                 if ($modinstances = get_records_sql($sql)) {
 470                     foreach ($modinstances as $modinstance) {
 471                         grade_update_mod_grades($modinstance);
 472                     }
 473                 }
 474             }
 475         }
 476     }
 477 }
 478
 479 /**
 480  * For testing purposes mainly, reloads grades from all non legacy modules into gradebook.
 481  */
 482 function grade_grab_grades() {
 483
 484     global $CFG;
 485
 486     if (!$mods = get_list_of_plugins('mod') ) {
 487         error('No modules installed!');
 488     }
 489
 490     foreach ($mods as $mod) {
 491
 492         if ($mod == 'NEWMODULE') {   // Someone has unzipped the template, ignore it
 493             continue;
 494         }
 495
 496         if (!$module = get_record('modules', 'name', $mod)) {
 497             //not installed
 498             continue;
 499         }
 500
 501         if (!$module->visible) {
 502             //disabled module
 503             continue;
 504         }
 505
 506         $fullmod = $CFG->dirroot.'/mod/'.$mod;
 507
 508         // include the module lib once
 509         if (file_exists($fullmod.'/lib.php')) {
 510             include_once($fullmod.'/lib.php');
 511             // look for modname_grades() function - old gradebook pulling function
 512             // if present sync the grades with new grading system
 513             $gradefunc = $mod.'_update_grades';
 514             if (function_exists($gradefunc)) {
 515                 $gradefunc();
 516             }
 517         }
 518     }
 519 }
 520
 521 /**
 522  * Force full update of module grades in central gradebook - works for both legacy and converted activities.
 523  * @param object $modinstance object with extra cmidnumber and modname property
 524  * @return boolean success
 525  */
 526 function grade_update_mod_grades($modinstance) {
 527     global $CFG;
 528
 529     $fullmod = $CFG->dirroot.'/mod/'.$modinstance->modname;
 530     if (!file_exists($fullmod.'/lib.php')) {
 531         debugging('missing lib.php file in module');
 532         return false;
 533     }
 534     include_once($fullmod.'/lib.php');
 535
 536     // does it use legacy grading?
 537     $gradefunc        = $modinstance->modname.'_grades';
 538     $updategradesfunc = $modinstance->modname.'_update_grades';
 539     $updateitemfunc   = $modinstance->modname.'_grade_item_update';
 540
 541     if (function_exists($gradefunc)) {
 542         if ($oldgrades = $gradefunc($modinstance->id)) {
 543
 544             $grademax = $oldgrades->maxgrade;
 545             $scaleid = NULL;
 546             if (!is_numeric($grademax)) {
 547                 // scale name is provided as a string, try to find it
 548                 if (!$scale = get_record('scale', 'name', $grademax)) {
 549                     debugging('Incorrect scale name! name:'.$grademax);
 550                     return false;
 551                 }
 552                 $scaleid = $scale->id;
 553             }
 554
 555             if (!$grade_item = grade_get_legacy_grade_item($modinstance, $grademax, $scaleid)) {
 556                 debugging('Can not get/create legacy grade item!');
 557                 return false;
 558             }
 559
 560             $grades = array();
 561             foreach ($oldgrades->grades as $userid=>$usergrade) {
 562                 $grade = new object();
 563                 $grade->userid = $userid;
 564
 565                 if ($usergrade == '-') {
 566                     // no grade
 567                     $grade->rawgrade = null;
 568
 569                 } else if ($scaleid) {
 570                     // scale in use, words used
 571                     $gradescale = explode(",", $scale->scale);
 572                     $grade->rawgrade = array_search($usergrade, $gradescale) + 1;
 573
 574                 } else {
 575                     // good old numeric value
 576                     $grade->rawgrade = $usergrade;
 577                 }
 578                 $grades[] = $grade;
 579             }
 580
 581             grade_update('legacygrab', $grade_item->courseid, $grade_item->itemtype, $grade_item->itemmodule,
 582                          $grade_item->iteminstance, $grade_item->itemnumber, $grades);
 583         }
 584
 585     } else if (function_exists($updategradesfunc) and function_exists($updateitemfunc)) {
 586         //new grading supported, force updating of grades
 587         $updateitemfunc($modinstance);
 588         $updategradesfunc($modinstance);
 589
 590     } else {
 591         // mudule does not support grading
 592     }
 593
 594     return true;
 595 }
 596
 597 /**
 598  * Get and update/create grade item for legacy modules.
 599  */
 600 function grade_get_legacy_grade_item($modinstance, $grademax, $scaleid) {
 601
 602     // does it already exist?
 603     if ($grade_items = grade_item::fetch_all(array('courseid'=>$modinstance->course, 'itemtype'=>'mod', 'itemmodule'=>$modinstance->modname, 'iteminstance'=>$modinstance->id, 'itemnumber'=>0))) {
 604         if (count($grade_items) > 1) {
 605             debugging('Multiple legacy grade_items found.');
 606             return false;
 607         }
 608
 609         $grade_item = reset($grade_items);
 610
 611         if (is_null($grademax) and is_null($scaleid)) {
 612            $grade_item->gradetype  = GRADE_TYPE_NONE;
 613
 614         } else if ($scaleid) {
 615             $grade_item->gradetype = GRADE_TYPE_SCALE;
 616             $grade_item->scaleid   = $scaleid;
 617             $grade_item->grademin  = 1;
 618
 619         } else {
 620             $grade_item->gradetype  = GRADE_TYPE_VALUE;
 621             $grade_item->grademax   = $grademax;
 622             $grade_item->grademin   = 0;
 623         }
 624
 625         $grade_item->itemname = $modinstance->name;
 626         $grade_item->idnumber = $modinstance->cmidnumber;
 627
 628         $grade_item->update();
 629
 630         return $grade_item;
 631     }
 632
 633     // create new one
 634     $params = array('courseid'    =>$modinstance->course,
 635                     'itemtype'    =>'mod',
 636                     'itemmodule'  =>$modinstance->modname,
 637                     'iteminstance'=>$modinstance->id,
 638                     'itemnumber'  =>0,
 639                     'itemname'    =>$modinstance->name,
 640                     'idnumber'    =>$modinstance->cmidnumber);
 641
 642     if (is_null($grademax) and is_null($scaleid)) {
 643         $params['gradetype'] = GRADE_TYPE_NONE;
 644
 645     } else if ($scaleid) {
 646         $params['gradetype'] = GRADE_TYPE_SCALE;
 647         $params['scaleid']   = $scaleid;
 648         $grade_item->grademin  = 1;
 649     } else {
 650         $params['gradetype'] = GRADE_TYPE_VALUE;
 651         $params['grademax']  = $grademax;
 652         $params['grademin']  = 0;
 653     }
 654
 655     $grade_item = new grade_item($params);
 656     $grade_item->insert();
 657
 658     return $grade_item;
 659 }
 660
 661
 662 /**
 663  * Builds an array of percentages indexed by integers for the purpose of building a select drop-down element.
 664  * @param int $steps The value between each level.
 665  * @param string $order 'asc' for 0-100 and 'desc' for 100-0
 666  * @param int $lowest The lowest value to include
 667  * @param int $highest The highest value to include
 668  */
 669 function build_percentages_array($steps=1, $order='desc', $lowest=0, $highest=100) {
 670     // TODO reject or implement
 671 }
 672
 673 ?>