MDL-11082 Improved groups upgrade performance 1.8x -> 1.9; thanks Eloy for telling...

[moodle-pu.git] / mod / wiki / ewiki / README

ErfurtWiki - a fast, user-friendly, highly configurable Wiki engine in PHP
==========================================================================


README
¯¯¯¯¯¯
This is the documentation for ewiki. I tries to describe nearly everything,
but therefore has now grown to long to be read at once. However it is often
sufficient to just read the first few paragraphs to set it up (plugins can be
activated at any later time). If you have the Wiki running, then you can also
read this file in hypertext format.


        1  What is this?
      1.1  Why "ErfurtWiki"?
      1.2  WikiAlternatives
      1.3  Authors
      1.4  Project pages
      1.5  Obtaining support
      1.6  License
      1.7  Known Bugs

        2  HowTo
      2.1  Integration with yoursite.php
    2.1.1  Creating a "config.php"
    2.1.2  Generation of a "monsterwiki.php" script
    2.1.3  What to do if images don't work
      2.2  Supplying the WikiPageName
    2.2.1  mod_rewrite or PATH_INFO
    2.2.2  use with the 404 trick
      2.3  Security considerations
    2.3.1  PHP settings (register_globals)
    2.3.2  _protected_mode
      2.4  simple usage restrictions via wrappers
      2.5  PhpWiki compatibility
    2.5.1  Transition from another WikiWare
      2.6  Idea Collection
    2.6.1  Multiple Wikis / InterWiki feature abuse

        3  Internals
      3.1  the ewiki_ functions
      3.2  $GLOBALS pollution
      3.3  the EWIKI_ constants
      3.4  $ewiki_config array
      3.5  internal coding explained
    3.5.1  how ewiki operates
    3.5.2  used variables

        4  Tweaking
      4.1  Using the wiki source transformation only
      4.2  Customizing ewiki_format()
      4.3  Customization using CSS
    4.3.1  user style classes in pages
    4.3.2  rendered page content
    4.3.3  pages enclosed in style classes
    4.3.4  plugin output styling

        5  Explanations
      5.1  Binary and text support
    5.1.1  Image uploading
    5.1.2  Image caching
    5.1.3  Image WikiMarkup
    5.1.4  binary_store, direct access
    5.1.5  Arbitrary binary content
      5.2  $action and $id
    5.2.1  ewiki URLs

        6  Everything in one script
      6.1  database plugins
    6.1.1  MySQL support
    6.1.2  plugins/db/flat_files         (IMPORTANT)
    6.1.3  plugins/db/fast_files
    6.1.4  plugins/db/any
    6.1.5  plugins/db/adodb
    6.1.6  plugins/db/dba
    6.1.7  plugins/db/phpwiki13
    6.1.8  plugins/db/binary_store
      6.2  core enhancements
    6.2.1  plugins/patchsaving
    6.2.2  plugins/notify
    6.2.3  plugins/jump
    6.2.4  plugins/email_protect
    6.2.5  plugins/spages (StaticPages)
    6.2.6  plugins/pluginloader
    6.2.7  plugins/init
    6.2.8  plugins/feature/appendonly.php
    6.2.9  plugins/feature/imgresize_gd.php
    6.2.A  plugins/feature/imgresize_magick.php
    6.2.B  plugins/feature/spellcheck.php
      6.3  action/ plugins
    6.3.1  plugins/action/diff.php
    6.3.2  plugins/action/translation.php
    6.3.3  plugins/action/like_pages.php
    6.3.4  plugins/action/raw.php
      6.4  plugins related to hypertext links
    6.4.1  plugins/linking/tcn
    6.4.2  plugins/linking/plural
    6.4.3  plugins/linking/autolinking
    6.4.4  plugins/linking/link_css
    6.4.5  plugins/linking/link_icons
    6.4.6  plugins/linking/link_target_blank
    6.4.7  plugins/linking/linkexcerpts
    6.4.8  plugins/linking/linkdatabase
    6.4.9  plugins/linking/instanturls
    6.4.A  plugins/linking/titlefix
    6.4.B  plugins/interwiki/intermap
      6.5  appearance/ tweaks
    6.5.1  plugins/appearance/listpages_br
    6.5.2  plugins/appearance/listpages_ul
    6.5.3  plugins/appearance/listpages_tbl
    6.5.4  plugins/appearance/fancy_list_dict
    6.5.5  plugins/appearance/title_calendar.php
      6.6  page/ plugins
    6.6.1  plugins/page/powersearch
    6.6.2  plugins/page/pageindex
    6.6.3  plugins/page/wordindex
    6.6.4  plugins/page/imagegallery
    6.6.5  plugins/page/aboutplugins
    6.6.6  plugins/page/orphanedpages
    6.6.7  plugins/page/wantedpages
    6.6.8  plugins/page/since_updates
    6.6.9  plugins/page/textupload
    6.6.A  plugins/page/wikidump
    6.6.B  plugins/page/interwikimap
    6.6.C  plugins/page/hitcounter
    6.6.D  plugins/page/scandisk
    6.6.E  plugins/page/wikinews
    6.6.F  plugins/page/wikiuserlogin
    6.6.G  plugins/page/randompage
    6.6.H  plugins/page/fortune
    6.6.J  plugins/page/ewikilog
    6.6.J  plugins/page/phpinfo
    6.6.K  plugins/page/README
      6.7  markup/ plugins
    6.7.1  Other WikiWares markup
    6.7.2  plugins/markup/css
    6.7.3  plugins/markup/css_singleat
    6.7.4  plugins/markup/footnotes
    6.7.5  plugins/markup/asciitbl
    6.7.6  plugins/markup/complextbl
    6.7.7  plugins/markup/htmltbl
    6.7.8  plugins/markup/rescuehtml
    6.7.9  plugins/markup/rendering_phpwiki12
    6.7.A  plugins/markup/rendering_null
      6.8  mpi
    6.8.1  mpi_backlinks
    6.8.2  mpi_multimedia
    6.8.3  mpi_syndicate
    6.8.4  mpi_insert
    6.8.5  mpi_localsitemap
      6.9  visual extensions
    6.9.1  plugins/aview/backlinks
    6.9.2  plugins/aview/linktree
    6.9.3  plugins/aview/toc
    6.9.4  plugins/aview/posts
    6.9.5  plugins/aview/threads
    6.9.6  plugins/aview/subpages
    6.9.7  plugins/aview/downloads
    6.9.8  plugins/aview/imgappend
    6.9.9  plugins/aview/piclogocntrl
    6.9.A  plugins/aview/aedit_pageimage
    6.9.B  plugins/aview/control2
    6.9.C  plugins/aview/aedit_authorname
    6.9.D  plugins/aview/aedit_deletebutton.js
      6.A  page filters
    6.A.1  plugins/filter/f_fixhtml
    6.A.2  plugins/filter/search_highlight
    6.A.3  plugins/filter/fun_chef
    6.A.4  plugins/filter/fun_upsidedown
    6.A.5  plugins/filter/fun_wella
    6.A.6  plugins/filter/fun_screamomatic
    6.A.7  plugins/filter/f_msiepng
      B.9  BloatWiki extensions
    6.B.1  plugins/module/calendar
    6.B.2  plugins/module/downloads
    6.B.3  plugins/module/tour
      6.C  utility code
    6.C.1  plugins/lib/cache
    6.C.2  plugins/lib/speed
    6.C.3  plugins/lib/mime_magic
    6.C.4  plugins/lib/navbar
    6.C.5  plugins/lib/protmode
    6.C.6  plugins/lib/save_storevars
      6.D  admin/ plugins
    6.D.1  control
    6.D.2  SearchAndReplace
    6.D.3  SearchCache
      6.E  other plugins
    6.E.1  plugins/debug/
    6.E.2  plugins/auth/
    6.E.3  plugins/auth-liveuser/
      6.F  separate "extra" tarball

        7  More separate files
      7.1  Pages in init-pages/
      7.2  Additional tools/             (IMPORTANT)
    7.2.1  tools/t_flags
    7.2.2  tools/t_backup
    7.2.3  tools/t_restore
    7.2.4  tools/t_remove
    7.2.5  tools/t_holes
    7.2.6  tools/t_textinsert
    7.2.7  tools/t_transfer
    7.2.8  tools/t_revert
    7.2.9  tools/ewikictl
    7.2.A  tools/wiki2html
    7.2.B  tools/mkhuge
    7.2.C  tools/mkpluginmap
    7.2.D  tools/mkpageplugin
      7.3  examples/
    7.3.1  examples/homepage.php
      7.4  Nice things in fragments/
    7.4.1  strip_wonderful_slashes.php   (IMPORTANT)
    7.4.2  strike_register_globals.php
    7.4.3  404finder.php
    7.4.4  htaccess
    7.4.5  binary.php
      7.5  fragments/funcs/*
    7.5.1  fragments/funcs/wiki_format.inc
    7.5.2  fragments/funcs/auth.php
      7.6  fragments/css/*
      7.7  fragments/blocks/*
      7.8  fragments/patches/*
      7.9  How to deal with tweaked code

        8  Extension HowTo
      8.1  the PlugInterface
      8.2  plugin tasks
    8.2.1  mpi plugins
    8.2.2  authentication/permission plugins
      8.3  writing your own plugin
      8.4  format_* / rendering plugins
    8.4.1  ewiki_format() internals
    8.4.2  the format_ plugin hooks
    8.4.3  $iii[] and $ooo[] block flags







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What is this?
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
This is a WikiWikiWeb engine implemented in the PHP web scripting
language. A WikiWiki is a web site which can be edited by everybody
who visits it (most commonly without requiring that user to register
before).

It should allow easy integration into an existing web site (portal
or homepage / CMS-like software), as it is more a library and does
not output a full .html page but instead just the formatted wiki
text for inclusion in your pages` body/content area.



Why "ErfurtWiki"?
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
My home town (Btw, Erfurt is next to Weimar.de) and really that's
just a name (you're allowed to rename, extend it and to finally
ship it GPLifyed). You'll soon see the internal name is "ewiki",
and it is also sometimes called 'EmbeddableWiki'.


If you asked - Why you should I use it?

 - It is contained within a single file. It does not require 20 other 
   files to lie around between your own scripts.

 - It does not impose a pre-defined layout, and you do not need
   to customize it either as it nicely integrates with your sites`
   layout.

 - I think it's rather fast. It uses regexs too, but most of the
   ewiki_format() uses the simple and quick string functions.

 - It got rather featureful, the final release seems near :)



WikiAlternatives
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If you don't like ewiki, then try at least one of these:

* PhpWiki has a more complete approach than this WikiWare,
  get it from http://freshmeat.net/projects/phpwiki,
  it has support for different database types, features localization
  and comes with an integrated admin area.

* WakkaWiki by Hendrik Mans is also a very powerful PHP implementation,
  see http://www.wakkawiki.com/

* Miki is another nice (small) implementation in PHP from Jukka
  Zitting.  Get it from http://miki.sourceforge.net/

* Finally sfWiki - the sourceforge Wiki (therefore can be found on
  http://sfwiki.sourceforge.net/). Some of its wiki syntax looks
  a bit weird (other parts were inspiring), but it features complex
  user authentication.

* coWiki - completely OOP and the source code layout is great; looks
  very featureful, but is more a CMS than a Wiki (authentication bloat)
  and has also a little weird markup,
  but better check it out yourself on http://cowiki.org/ 

* And of course there are Wikis in other scripting languages (and yes,
  there is still demand for an implementation in assembler or C !!)
  http://www.freshmeat.net/search/?q=wiki&section=projects or just
  have a look at http://www.google.com/search?q=wiki

* However, the BEST PLACE to look for evil concurrent implementations is
  http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiEngines



Authors
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current maintainer: Mario Salzer <mario*erphesfurt·de> icq95596825 (+Yah,Jab)
main contributor: Andy Fundinger <andy*burgiss·com> from http://burgiss.com/

For the complete list of authors and contributors please see the CREDITS
file.

This project is still in an early stage, to improve it further we need
to know what doesn't work or what could be enhanced. Every mail is a
contribution (yep, that is not measured in lines of source code).



Project Pages
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official freshmeat project page: 
- http://freshmeat.net/projects/ewiki

demo site:
- http://erfurtwiki.sourceforge.net/

newest versions (unstable development releases):
- http://erfurtwiki.sourceforge.net/downloads/

mailing list archive
- http://www.freelists.org/archives/ewiki/



Obtaining Support
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Getting support for problems with ewiki is possible, but please read this
README first. The author is thankful for BugReports, and of course would
like to know were this documentation is not detailed enough and fails to
explain things clearly.
However, before you send requests to anyone, please visit following site
(this is necessary to get FREE support):

http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html

Then please feel free to contact the author or leave notes on the BugReports
or UserSuggestion pages on our project site.
Joining our http://erfurtwiki.sourceforge.net/?MailingList would allow you
to reach a larger audience for your questions (and you can unsubscribe as
soon as your problems are solved).



License
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
This "program" is "distributed" as "Public Domain". Public Domain
is like "FreeWare", but a bit more free ;->  You can think of it
as the GPL without being bound to the GPL. <note> I didn't want to
include a LICENSE file larger than the program itself. </note>

As this is a free (beer) piece of software, you cannot make me
responsible for any BUGS or all the REALLY BAD HARD DISK DAMAGES ;-P
it may lead to.

Additional note: a few plugins contain GPL code, and therefore must be
downloaded separately (mime_magic.php, rendering_phpwiki12.php).



Known Bugs
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Currently none. But this note is just here to encourage you to visit
http://erfurtwiki.sourceforge.net/?BugReports





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HowTo
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the ewiki script requires:

- Webserver (Apache, Nanoweb, ...)
- PHP 4.1 or later
- a SQL database (works faster if you have one)
- your existing web site layout
- older PHP's wonderful magic slashes should really be disabled

If you don't have the database, there is an add-on for flat-file
usage (search this document for "db_flat_files" for notes on how to
get this running).



Integration with yoursite.php
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
For the next few paragraphs the "yoursite.php" refers to whatever
files and/or scripts belong to your already existing website. This
hypothetical script should at least output the <html><body> tags
around the output from ewiki. The most simple script to accomplish
this could look like this (see also example-2.php):
 
    <HTML>
    <BODY>
    <?php

       mysql_connect("localhost", "DB-USER-NAME", "PASSWORD");     #[1]
       mysql_query("use DATABASE-NAME-HERE");

       define("EWIKI_SCRIPT", "yoursite.php?page=");               #[2]
       error_reporting(0);                                         #[3]

       include("ewiki.php");                                       #[4]

       echo  ewiki_page();                                         #[5]

    ?>
    </BODY>
    </HTML>
   
[1]  The first two commands open a connection to your MySQL database,
usually one saves the result of mysql_connect() in a variable named
$db or so, but as PHP does not depend on it if there is only one
single database connection, it is not used in "ewiki.php" at all.

[2]  The define line tells ewiki about the hyperlinks it shall
create.

[3]  The error_reporting(0) is highly encouraged (but something similar
is already built into the ewiki.php script).

[4]  The include("ewiki.php") finally loads the ewiki "library" and sets
any EWIKI_ constants that have not already been defined here.

[5]  The final call to the ewiki_page() function returns the wiki page
which was requested by the browser. You must prepend it with
"echo" because the ewiki_page() function just returns a <html> enhanced
string but does not output that one itself.



        Creating a "config.php"
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        Instead of including the plain "ewiki.php" script as shown in the
        example above, many people may find it more useful to include()
        a more customized Wiki yoursite.

        Customization of ewiki takes place, by pre-defining() some of the
        EWIKI_ configuration settings and loading extension plugins. To
        not move that work and code into yoursite it is recommended to
        create some sort of "config.php" script, which then contained the
        various define() and include() commands.
        It is sometimes even senseful to establish the database connection
        (if you use SQL and not the flat_files backend) inside of such a
        config script, if there wasn't already established in yoursite.

        So such a config.php script could contain:
         - multiple define() commands, setting ewiki behaviour constants
         - include() comands to load extension plugins
         - evtl. some include() and define() for the db_flat_files plugin
           (if you don't have a SQL database)
         - and last but not least, the include("ewiki.php") script

        If you then include() such a config.php, you get a fully functional
        and preconfigured Wiki to include into yoursite. By using this
        approach, you still could override some of the EWIKI_ settings with
        additional define() constants right before the include("config.php").

          <?php
             include("includes/ewiki/myconfig.php");
          ?>
          <HTML>
          <BODY>
          <?php
             echo  ewiki_page();
          ?>
          </BODY>
          </HTML>

        Note: Please don't get confused by the path names, you of course
        needed to use a subdirectory specification like "ewiki/" before
        every filename specified in these include() commands, if this was
        the dir you put all the ewiki scripts.



        Generation of a "monsterwiki.php" script
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        ewiki over the time grow larger, and nowadays isn't anymore the
        single script it once was. The distribution ships with over hundreds
        of extension plugins. But nevertheless it is still possible to build
        a single script from it all!

        That being said, the "ewiki.php" script still implements a fully
        functional Wiki (and just only lacks the advanced features supplied
        the plugins). - You could still just include() the "ewiki.php"
        script into yoursite and delete everything else the ewiki tarball
        contained.
        
        However, it is also possible to MERGE all wanted plugins and the
        core script together to built a customized (feature enhanced) Wiki
        script from it. All you needed to do was:

          /unix/$   cat  ewiki.php plugins/*.*  >  monsterwiki.php
          C:/dos/   type  ewiki.php plugins/*.*  >  monsterwiki.php

        This way you'd get the "monsterwiki.php" file, which contained the
        ewiki core script plug all plugins - but of course, you should only
        copy the ones in, you really need and want (but not "*.*" all as
        shown in the example above)!

        The UNIX shell script "tools/mkhuge" will do exactly that for you;
        it accepts a parameter from 0 to 3, which will merge a custom set
        of useful plugins into the then generated "monsterwiki.php" script.

        If you have built a "monsterwiki.php" script, you can include() this
        instead of the minimal "ewiki.php" into yoursite to integrate a Wiki.

        Eventually you'd also want to merge some configuration settings into
        this monsterwiki script, so you wouldn't have to put the define(...)
        commands into yoursite.php before you include("monsterwiki.php");
        The define() commands however need to be the very first part merged
        into that monsterwiki script, so it's best to edit the monsterscript
        after generation and insert the appropriate settings then at the
        very beginning.
        You could also merge a (reduced!) "config.php" into the script,
        using the above "cat" (or "type" for DOS/Win) method. But beware,
        that this "config.php" then does not contain any include() command;
        because else the resulting "monsterwiki.php" script would then try
        to load the "ewiki.php" core script and plugins which were probably
        already merged in. Even if you merge such a minimal config script
        at the start of this monsterwiki script, you still could override
        some settings (at least establishing the database connection) from
        within yoursite, if you think it's useful.

        Additional note: You could still include() plugins, if you included()
        such a monsterwiki script into yoursite, provided that the plugin
        you try to include() wasn't already merged into that monsterwiki.php
        script before (else it would crash the PHP interpreter, because
        loading it twice is once too much).

        StaticPages (read about "spages" plugin) can also be included, if
        you first convert them into ordinary ["page"] plugins using the 
        'mkpageplugin' commandline tool.



        What to do if images don't work
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        The first example, as well as the "example-2.php" have problems with
        binary content, because: the <HTML> is output before the 'ewiki.php'
        library was loaded and got the chance to output pictures.

        So one should better rewrite the above example yoursite.php script to:

            <?php
               mysql_connect(":/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock", "USER", "PW");
               mysql_query("use DBNAME");

               define("EWIKI_SCRIPT", "yoursite.php?page=);
               error_reporting(0);

               include("ewiki.php");

               $content = ewiki_page();
            ?>
            <HTML>
            <HEAD>
              <TITLE><?php  echo $ewiki_title;  ?>
            </HEAD>
            <BODY>
            <?php
               echo $content;
            ?>
            </BODY>
            </HTML>

        Please again, note the initial <?php part before the very first plain
        HTML output - yoursite.php must really start with it, or else binary
        content (uploaded images) won't work!

        You could, of course write a "binary.php" besides "yoursite.php", to
        get around this problem; please see fragments/ for an example.



Supplying the WikiPageName
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
If you just call ewiki_page() as shown in the first example, it will
try to get the name of the requested WikiPage either from the
$_SERVER["PATH_INFO"] variable or from one of the GET-variables '?id='
or '?name=' or '?page=' or '?file=' (available as $_REQUEST["name"]). 
If yoursite.php however uses another way or another varname to receive
the WikiPageName you can just give it as first parameter:

  ewiki_page( $id = "WikiPageName" );

example-4.php shows how this can be used to list a second WikiPage
(the list of newest pages) somewhere else on yoursite.php.



        mod_rewrite or PATH_INFO
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        If you dedicate a complete directory for your wiki, you should keep
        in mind, that some of the generated URLs contain slashes (for
        example "edit/WikiPage"), and will look like subdirectories and thus
        confuse browsers.

        So you should either set EWIKI_SCRIPT to the absolute directory
        containing your wiki wrapper script: define(EWIKI_SCRIPT,
        "http://myserver/wiki/"); or else put a <BASE HREF="..."> into the
        generated pages. Take this precaution because some of the generated
        links contain additional slashes (like "edit/ThisPage") and thus may
        make browsers believe in a changed subdirectory.

        This applies to mod_rewrite usage and if you call your wiki wrapper
        with the page name as PATH_INFO (like "/wiki/index.php/WikiPage").

        Do not forget to enable EWIKI_USE_PATH_INFO, as it is per default
        disabled for Apache servers! Also check, if EWIKI_URLENCODE and
        _URLDECODE suit your needs, else you will find it useful to have URL
        generation encapsulated in the ewiki_script() function.



        use with the 404 trick
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        Once I implemented a way to run a web server below another one
        (actually Nanoweb below Apache, for more details see
        http://nanoweb.si.kz/), because the Apache on one of my providers
        servers was heavily misconfigured - so I handed work over to a
        secondary WebServer.

        This trick also works without mod_rewrite support, and is therefore
        also well suited for cheap WebSpace. Put following into the
        .htaccess of the dedicated wiki directory:

          #-- handle "not found" pages by ewiki
          ErrorDocument 404 /wiki/index.php
          DirectoryIndex 404 index.php

        This will allow the "yoursite.php/ewiki.php" script to catch all
        missed files, which would usually trigger a 404 error. Inside your
        ewiki wrapper script, you must then however decode the originally
        requested URL:

          $url = $_SERVER["REQUEST_URL"];               # Apache often uses this one
          $url = preg_replace("#^/wiki#", "", $url);    # strip wiki subdir name
          $_SERVER["PATH_INFO"] = $url;                 # make ewiki see it

        The second step is very important, it strips the name of the
        dedicated subdirectory from the URL, which cannot be done inside
        ewiki.php.

           The $url from the above example could also be used as $id
           parameter to ewiki_page().           

        It should be noted, that some Apache implementations are garbaging
        POST requests in case of a triggered 404 error - but you can simply
        test this by saving a changed WikiPage.

        See also the "fragments/404finder.php" example on this.

        Do not forget to enable EWIKI_USE_PATH_INFO, as it is per default
        disabled for Apache servers!






Security considerations
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
ewiki was developed using a PHP5 interpreter, but with limitations of PHP4.3
in mind. There are huge differences (a rather instable, bug-prone and still
unfinished language) across the 4.x versions of PHP. The 4.0 series is not
enough to run ewiki, you'll need at least a PHP 4.1 (4.07) to make it work
reliable.

One must also know, that there are also differences between the settings of
providers. Some for example enforce users to run their scripts in so called
"safe mode" (crippled mode) in place of real server security guidelines.
Other still use pre-4.3 settings for the PHP interpreter (the Win4 php.ini
still is outdated). So take care, and adjust settings using .htaccess`
php_option for Apache servers.
 


        PHP settings (register_globals)
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        Because ewiki was developed on later PHP versions (at least 4.3), it
        heavily uses the $_REQUEST array and assumes a deactivated
        "register_globals" setting in php.ini
        If this is not the case for your setup / WebServer. or with your
        provider the ewiki.php script may expose a lot security leaks
        (because of uninitialized variables).

        ewiki in general does only use a few global variables, but especially
        the $ewiki_ring variable (which is used for PROTECTED_MODE) can lead
        to problems, if you use it without an existing authentication
        concept.  The $ewiki_plugins is also a very complex task, and I
        cannot safely state that it won't be able to produce exploits, if
        the variable is tweaked externally (pushed into by a client).

        So the best thing you could do is to disable register_globals (this
        can be done from inside a directories .htaccess file by inserting
        the line "php_option register_globals off").

        A fragments/ include will be added to strike against variables which
        got set from outside (this is rather easy for variables used by
        ewiki, because their names all start with "$ewiki_").



        The two modes of operation (_protected_mode and _flat_real_mode)
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        While this wiki was originally developed as a real wiki, many people
        use it for different things now, like private HomePages, easy CMS on
        commercial web sites.

        This fact lead to the support of a restricted operation mode, now
        known as the _PROTECTED_MODE. It is often used to require people to
        log in before they can edit pages or upload things. In this README
        this mode of operation will often be referred to also as the
        'crippled mode'. It is completely optional, and doesn't have any
        impact on speed, when left disabled.

                                  Btw, the standard ewiki operation mode is
                                          now known as the _FLAT_REAL_MODE.

        If you'd like to use authentication, you'll probably want to chain
        some plugins which enable you to use the user database from
        yoursite.php, so you do not need a separate .htaccess or an
        additional relational database for passwords. Please see the section
        on auth plugins.

        See also the EWIKI_PROTECTED_MODE configuration constant and the
        separate "plugins/auth/README.auth" file for further and more
        detailed informations on this feature.



simple usage restrictions via wrappers
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The easiest way to cripple a Wiki setup to be browseable-only for the larger
public, and to allow only a small subset of users to edit pages is to write
two wrapper scripts around the ewiki.php library.

One of the wrapper scripts should include and use ewiki as described in the
"Integration with yoursite.php" paragraph. You may want to move this wrapper
script into a password protected subdirectory (say "/wikiadmin/index.php").

Another wrapper script should then be provided for the users that are only
allowed to view pages. To disallow editing you'll just have to enrich it
with commands like:

 unset($ewiki_plugins["action"]["edit"]);       # disables editing
 unset($ewiki_plugins["action"]["info"]);       # no info/ action
 unset($ewiki_plugins["page"]["SearchPages"]);  # no search function
 unset($ewiki_plugins["action"]["view"]);       # kill wiki completely

This code must occur after you have 'included("ewiki.php");' the library,
but before you call the 'ewiki_page();' function, so the unwanted actions
and pages really do not get activated.

So far the basic approach. If you however have real user authentication
code behind the scenes you probably don't want to maintain two different
wrapper scripts. You'll then just put the functionality stripping code
from above into an if-clause in "yoursite.php" like:

 if (! $user_is_logged_in) {
   unset($ewiki_plugins["action"]);            # (do it less destructive ;)
 }

Note: this is again an example, DO NOT copy&paste examples and assume
they'll work for you!



PhpWiki compatibility
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The MySQL database table is partially compatible to PhpWiki versions 1.2.x,
but not with the current PhpWiki 1.3.x versions. There is however now the
db_phpwiki13 plugin which allows to access those (rw).



        Transition from another WikiWare
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        If you choosed ewiki to replace an already existing wiki script on
        your site, you should first think about, that the syntax/WikiMarkup
        isn't equal across all Wikis. There are a few markup extension
        plugins, that may help you around this, but beware that transition
        with a larger collection of WikiPages won't be very easy.

        The best way to import the old WikiPages to ewiki, is to first
        export it using the tools of the previous WikiWare. You can then
        just put the produced text/plain PageSource into "init-pages/",
        because all files found therein (note, that there shouldn't be any
        file name extension like .txt) are feed directly into the ewiki
        database, when ewiki is run for the very first time (when the
        EWIKI_PAGE_INDEX is not found in the db).

        There is a "plugins/db_phpwiki13.php" which may be useful in first
        trying ewiki, but it is not recommended to use it for daily work. 
        Speaking of PhpWiki you could also use the "tools/t_convertdb.php"
        to import (and markup convert) all pages from PhpWiki to the ewiki
        database format.






  -------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 --




Internals
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The MySQL database table structure is to a certain degree compatible
with that of the well known »PHPWiki« v1.2.x (you only need to change
EWIKI_DB_TABLE_NAME to "wiki" to use it). This is the MySQL statement
which creates our database table (you can find it at the bottom of the
"ewiki.php" script):
    CREATE TABLE ewiki (
        pagename VARCHAR(160) NOT NULL,
        version INTEGER UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
        flags INTEGER UNSIGNED DEFAULT 0,
        content MEDIUMTEXT,
        author VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT 'ewiki',
        created INTEGER UNSIGNED DEFAULT 0,
        lastmodified INTEGER UNSIGNED DEFAULT 0,
        refs MEDIUMTEXT,
        meta MEDIUMTEXT,
        hits INTEGER UNSIGNED DEFAULT 0,
        PRIMARY KEY id (pagename, version)
    )

I didn't like the column name {pagename} but as I've seen this was
the only difference I renamed it, therefore now the ewiki_database()
function translates it from "pagename" to "id" and vice versa most of
the time - else this would be really slim and nice code :)

The columns {version} holds the different saved page versions. Other
Wikis require a secondary "backup" or "history" table for old versions,
but as I couldn't imagine what this is for, there is just one table
in ewiki; and it seems this is really enough. The first {version} of
a wiki page is always numbered 1. An existing page {version} will
never get overwritten => very secure MySQL usage.

For what's in the {flags}, see the README section about constants. The
{content} of course holds the wiki pages source. The {created} and
{lastmodified} should be clear too.

{refs} contains a "\n" separated list of referenced WikiPages. The
code to generate that list is rather unclean, so it often contains
GhostPages. However this does not hurt ewiki and the few functions
that utilize {refs}, so there is currently no need to slow it down
by fixing this.

{meta} can hold additional informations, which allows to extend ewiki
without requiring to ALTER and convert the ewiki database table. It
currently holds some mime headers for binary content and some other
useful informations for images and uploaded files.

{hits} should have gone into {meta} really. But having it separate
allows us to use the very fast mysql UPDATE function.

Note, that the ewiki database table can hold other things than wiki
pages - binary content (images) for example, depending on the setting
of the {flags} field.

And last comment about this, the one-table-concept also made it really easy
to implement the flat file based "database backend".



ewiki_ functions
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Some of the core functions of ewiki.php can be used separate from the
others and some of them were designed to be replaced by different
implementations.
Btw, all the functions, constants and variables start with "ewiki_"
to make it easier to mix it into other projects (reduces function name
conflicts and similar problems, that usually arise if you join two
or more scripts into one program).


   ewiki_page($id)
   ---------------
       This is the main function which fetches the selected WikiPage
       (or the one given with $id) via ewiki_database to transform
       with ewiki_format().
       If the requested page does not exist it returns the edit
       screen.
       It also includes some virtual pages (InfoAboutThisPage,
       NewestPages, SearchPage, ReferencesToThisPage, ...).


   ewiki_page_...()
   ----------------
       These functions were separated out from the main ewiki_page()
       to make it more readable.
       Most of them contain code to generate the few special/internal
       WikiPages (Search, Newest, Info, and the Edit <FORM>, ...)


   ewiki_control_links($id, $data)
   -------------------------------
       Prints the line with the EditThisPage and PageInfo, ... links.


   ewiki_format($wiki_source, $params)
   ----------------------------------------------------------
       This returns the formatted (HTML) output for the given WikiSource
       (with all the WikiMarkup in it).

       The second param is an array with various config overrides. An entry
       of "scan_links"=>1 for example tells ewiki_format to lookup the
       referenced WikiPages in the database (see ewiki_scan_wikiwords) for
       filling up $ewiki_links. Another $params entry is "html"=>0, which
       controls interpetation of the <html>...</html> page content blocks.


   ewiki_render_wiki_links(&$o)
   ----------------------------
       Transforms WikiLinks and square brackets in a page into html links.


   ewiki_scan_wikiwords(&$wiki_source, &$ewiki_links)
   --------------------------------------------------
       work with regex on the wiki source text, to find valid WikiWords,
       the $ewiki_links will be filled with informations if the found page
       names exist in the DB.


   ewiki_link_regex_callback()
   ---------------------------
       Called from ewiki_format(). To separate the ewiki_format() from
       the database this function will utilize the global $ewiki_links
       (generated on demand by ewiki_format) to output either a normal
       link or a question-mark after the WikiPageName to signal a
       non-existent page.


   ewiki_script()
   --------------
       Builds the complete URL needed to access the given resource. This
       function replaces/enhances the static EWIKI_SCRIPT constant and
       unifies the generated URLs (less bugs). It also helps around
       various design flaws (like nice looking URL strings), that made
       some parts of ewiki a bit weird and unreliable in the past. Btw,
       now the base URL is stored in $ewiki_config["script"].


   ewiki_script_binary()
   ---------------------
       Is just a ewiki_script() wrapper, but can additionally distinguish
       between binary download and upload URLs, which could be utilized by
       (database external) plain file storages (see plugins/binary_store).
     

   ewiki_binary()
   --------------
       Gets called automatically for requests with the ?binary= trailer
       which is used to reference cached and uploaded images (or not
       yet cached ones).       


   ewiki_author()
   --------------
       returns a string with REMOTE_ADDR and the $ewiki_author or a default
       string incorporated


   ewiki_auth()
   ------------
       Is a simple interface to a probably large collection of plugins,
       which should to actual user and permission management. Support for
       this in the core is however still sporadic.


   ewiki_auth_user()
   -----------------
       Queries all registered user databases, and is usually itself called
       from within an auth_method/auth_query plugin.


   ewiki_t()
   ---------
     Fetches a text string from the $ewiki_t[] array and additionally adds
     some text pieces into it (given as second param). It can retrieve
     translations for registered abbreviations, or searches for complete
     text fragment replacements. It also understands _{...} to recursively
     translate a text snippet inside of larger text blocks.
     This is probably a bit slower and less readable than the previous usage
     of EWIKI_T_ constants, but it saves some memory and allows to extend
     translations or additional text constants (of plugins) a lot more
     easier (previously one had to edit inside a function, which is almost
     impossible to do from outside / per configuration).


   ewiki_make_title()
   ------------------
     Returns a string enclosing (the generated) page title (as link) into
     the html title markup "<h2>". The $class parameter actually tells from
     which plugin sort it was called, and this decides if a link will be
     generated or the title will be unclickable plain text (the setting in
     $ewiki_config["print_title"] is used to determine that). $go_action tells
     which action to link the title to.


   ewiki_chunked_page(...)
   -----------------------
     Is a helper function to split large results into multiple click-through
     pages, and is used by info/ and some search functions/plugins. It only
     produces the click-through links for inclusion on other dynamic pages,
     allows overlapping of page chunk ranges.

     
   ewiki_in_array($value, &$array, $dn=0)
   --------------------------------------
     Case-insensitive variant of PHPs` in_array(), returns the $value if
     found. The $array will be all-lowercased afterwards (except when $dn
     was set).


   ewiki_array($array, $index=false, $am=1)
   ----------------------------------------
     Returns input-array lowercased (indices), or just the entry for the
     $index if searched for. The $am decides if multiple entries should be
     merged together (uppercase+lowercase merging produces overlaps).


   ewiki_database($FUNCTION, $args=array() )
   ------------------------------------------
       This function is the "database abstraction" in ewiki. It contains
       ''only'' eight SQL statements which must be replaced if you'd like
       to use another database server. It is very stupid, and does not know
       much about its database (keeping it extensible on the other hand),
       therefore one must be careful when passing database entries to it.
       The individual "atomic" functions are:

       "GET",  $args = array( "id"=>STRING, ["version"=>NUM] )
           Fetches the newest wiki page incarnation from the database,
           or alternatively the one given by version.

       "WRITE",  $args = array( COLUMN-NAME => VALUE, ... )
           Saves the contents of the given data array in the database,
           does _never_ overwrite an existing entry (you must keep track
           of the {version} yourself).

       "GETALL",  $args = array( "COLUMN-1", "COLUMN-2", ... )
           Fetches an array of all existing pages in the database, but
           returns it as ewiki_dbquery_result object, which will throw
           the requested columns on ->get(), where the entries 'id',
           'version' and 'flags' are always present.

       "FIND",  $args = array( "WikiPage1", "WikiPageName2", ... )
           Searches the database for the queried page names, returns an
           array which associates the boolean value (if pages found) with
           their names

       "SEARCH",  $args = array( "COLUMN" => "CONTENT" )
           Returns only those pages, where the database COLUMN has a content
           that matches the requested value; the list of pages is returned
           as ewiki_dbquery_result object, where you can access the
           individual entries using the ->get() call, which will return the
           columns 'id', 'version', 'flags' and the scanned COLUMN of course
           unless you ->get("_ALL=1").

       The following three actions are not required for correct operation,
       but provide additional functionality for some plugins or tools.

       "HIT",  $args = array( "id"=>STRING )
           Increases the hit counter of the given wiki page by 1,
           what is not implemented in db_flat_file.

       "OVERWRITE"
           Is a wrapper to "WRITE" and does replace existing entries.

       "DELETE", $args = array( "id"=>STRING, "version"=>NUM )
           Removes the specified page (only the given version) from the
           database; implemented in all database plugins but should be used
           from within the tools/ only.

       Other functions are usually used internally only, as for example the
       "ALLFILES" command in dbff or dba/dbm plugins.


   ewiki_dbquery_result
   --------------------
       Has the member variables $keys and $entries, where the latter
       contains an array of page names that where triggered by your GETALL
       or SEARCH request, and the $keys array contains the column names that
       each subsequent "$result->get()" will return.

       get()
           Returns the database entry array (see GET above), but only the
           fields the database query should return (at minimum these are
           'id', 'version' and 'flags' and the searched column for SEARCH).

       get("_ALL=1")
           Instead returns the complete entry.

       count()
           Returns the number of found database entries.

       add($row)
           [internal]  This is used by the ewiki_database() core functions
           to initialize the $result object with the found entries.



$GLOBALS pollution
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
At least the ewiki_page() function produces variables in the
global namespace. Of course they also were named to not interfere
with anything from yoursite.php:

 $ewiki_id      - Contains the current page name, after ewiki_page()
                  was called.

 $ewiki_action  - Contains the $action/ForTheCurrentPage.

 $ewiki_title   - Will be set after the first call to ewiki_page(),
                  it is most useful to be printed inside the <TITLE>
                  tags inside <HEAD>. So if you want to use it you
                  should call ewiki_page() very early, but save its
                  output into a variable for later use. This way
                  you can make the current wiki pages` title available
                  (the _title may be different from the pages _id).

 $ewiki_errmsg  - Sometimes used to pass error notices back (ewiki_auth
                  does so for example).

 $ewiki_links   - Is an array produced by ewiki_format() that associates
                  all found WikiPageNames with a value of 0 or 1,
                  depending on if the referred page exists in the
                  database.

 $ewiki_author  - The content of this variable is saved in the author
                  field of newly created wiki pages (it will be filled
                  with IP:PORT if not set from outside). This is only an
                  informational setting, and does not directly correspond
                  to the _PROTECTED_MODE.
                  You should set it, whenever yoursite.php notes a logged in
                  user (so his login gets saved in the wiki pages 'author'
                  column). But you should REALLY NOT SPAM IT with your own
                  name or ad words.

 $ewiki_auth_user  - Is set by ewiki_auth_user() whenever it successfully
                  authenticates a user in _PROTECTED_MODE. This variable
                  is then used as reliable state setting, which affects
                  permission granting. 

 $ewiki_ring    - Holds the permission level ('ring') of the currently
                  authenticated user (or else will be unset). This value
                  tells only about the user, many plugin functions have
                  built-in requirements which will be compared against
                  this value (no value or zero means full permissions).
                  While this is the built-in way to grant permissions
                  and often also suits the needs to do it, the _auth()
                  plugin interface allows to work at a much finer degree
                  of access granting.
                  values: 0=administrator, 1=moderator, 2=editor, 3=guest
                  See also plugins/auth/README.auth for more informations.

 $ewiki_plugins - Is an array which connects task names (say "database"
                  or "image_resize" for example) to function names.
                  You can utilize this if you decide to extend ewiki.
                  There is an own chapter on this.

 $ewiki_config  - Imports some configuration settings from older constants,
                  and introduces newer ones, which can then be overridden at
                  runtime. Also holds some work and markup transform data.

 $ewiki_t       - Text definitions and translations for all possible
                  messages.

 Things that disappeared again, and which are now part of the $ewiki_config
 array instead include:

 $ewiki_data    - May reappear by setting a _config[] variable.

 $ewiki_interwiki  - Was errornously part of _plugins[] for some time.

 $ewiki_script  - Was a global var for a short period of time, but now is
                  a subentry in $ewiki_config.

                  


EWIKI_ constants
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
This chapter explains some of the constants and how you can utilize
them to tweak some of ewiki's behaviour.

The recommended way to change settings is to copy the define() commands
from "ewiki.php" into "yoursite.php" (see our example "config.php"). This
is a good idea, because then your settings won't get lost if you upgrade
to a newer version by overwriting your tweaked "ewiki.php".

                   [Note: constants in PHP can be defined() once only, so
                   pre-defining them in "yoursite.php" or a "config.php"
                   script is nearly like a 'configuration']

To define() some of those constants in 'yoursite.php' is especially a good
thing, because some of them are more used like state variables and it may
be more senseful to set them depending on informations only available in
the scripts of yoursite.php (for example if yourscripts provide a way to
authenticate and login a user you may give him additional rights within
ewiki by pre-defining one of the following constants).


 EWIKI_SCRIPT
     This is the most important setting. It is used by ewiki.php
     to generate links to other WikiPages.

     It needs the name of yourscript.php which itself includes
     ewiki.php.
     The name of the linked WikiPage is just appended to the string
     defined here, so you must ensure that it either ends in "/"
     or "?id=" or "?name=" or "?page=" so it constructs a valid
     URL after concatenation (or %s replaced) with the WikiPageName.

     If you utilize mod_rewrite on your server, you may wish to
     make it blank when all requests to http://wiki.example.com/
     are redirected to the correct script by your WebServer.

     If your wrapper script for example is called 'index.php' then you
     can just set EWIKI_SCRIPT to "?page=" (which then refers to the
     index.php of the current directory).
     You should preferrably set it absolute to the servers DocumentRoot,
     which gets a requirement if you'd like to give page names and actions
     via PATH_INFO "/wiki.php/WikiPage" and not as QUERY_STRING "?id=".

     Update: this constant will stay, but the core script now utilizes
     the ewiki_script() function (which itself additionally respects
     the $ewiki_config["script"] config variable in favour).

     ewiki_script() introduces use of the "%s" placeholder inside
     EWIKI_SCRIPT, which will be replaced by pagename and action, when
     URLs are generated.

 EWIKI_SCRIPT_URL
     Some parts of ewiki require the absolute URL of the ewiki wrapper
     script. So in contrast to the (often) short EWIKI_SCRIPT, this
     constant MUST contain the protocol and server name, like:
     "http://www.example.com/wiki/index.php?id="

     If you do not set this constant, it will be guessed by the
     ewiki_script_url() funciton, what often works but may be suboptimal
     and could also lead to security problems.
      

 EWIKI_DB_TABLE_NAME
     Sets the name of the MySQL database table name to be created
     and used to store all WikiPages.

 EWIKI_DBQUERY_BUFFER
     When set to a value>0 then SQL database buffering will be enabled
     for SEARCH and GETALL queries. This is mostly like the old (R1.00)
     behaviour (memory exhaustive), but instead is limited to the size
     defined by this configuration constant (for example 384K).

 EWIKI_DBFILES_DIRECTORY
     Defines where db_flat_files puts the database (made up of files).
     There is a separate paragraph about this,

 EWIKI_DBFILES_ENCODE
     If set to 1 will generate urlencoded() filenames even on UNIX
     systems, so the dbff database 'files' get exchangeable across
     DOS/Win and UNIX filesystems. Not recommended, and will make
     ewiki run bogus, if you switch it after there already entries
     in the database.
     It may however be useful to enable this per default, if you want to
     "backup" (this is the wrong way) from a Unix server to a Win box via
     an ordinary FTP program (more professional tools could however handle
     this more easily).

 EWIKI_INIT_PAGES
     Names the directory from which the basic pages should be read and
     then written into the database, when ewiki is run the very first
     time (or the FrontPage - EWIKI_PAGE_INDEX) is still empty.
     Btw, you could use the 'ewikictl' utility to export all your Wiki
     pages into this directory as auto-reinit-backup.


 EWIKI_NAME
     Defines the name of your Wiki. (This is not used currently, but
     is required, as _PAGE_INDEX is often just set to "FrontPage".)

 EWIKI_PAGE_INDEX
     This defines the name of the WikiPage which shall be displayed
     when no value is received within the URL. Often this is called
     the "FrontPage" of the Wiki.

     The mysql error message "Table 'ewiki' already exists" will appear
     until you create (and fill) the page specified herein.

     If you'd like to have a wiki without FrontPage, you can set this
     constant to 0 or "" - you must then however ensure, that the ewiki
     script is never activated without a page name!

 EWIKI_PAGE_NEWEST
     This defined the name of the virtual (internally generated) page
     containing a list of the lately added WikiPages.
 EWIKI_PAGE_SEARCH
     Holds the WikiPageName for the search function.


 EWIKI_CONTROL_LINE
     Pre-define this with 0 before including("ewiki.php") if you
     don't want that "<HR><A HREF>EditThisPage</A> ..." to be shown
     at the bottom of each page.

     You must then generate the EditThisPage link yourself somewhere
     else on yoursite.php

     It is often easier to edit the ewiki_control_links() function
     to match the layout/design of yoursite.php.

 EWIKI_AUTO_EDIT
     If set to 1 (default) will automatically bring up the edit box
     for non-existent pages. Else a page in between will appear ("please
     edit me!") like in PhpWiki.

 EWIKI_LIST_LIMIT
     Number of pages to show up in search queries (and other generated
     pages).


 EWIKI_PRINT_TITLE
     If set to 0 will prevent the page title from being shown on many
     pages (generated and database content ones).

 EWIKI_SPLIT_TITLE
     If changed to 1 will separate WikiPages titles into its different
     word parts (only on top of each page).


 EWIKI_ALLOW_HTML
     Usually you do not want that users are able to add <HTML> tags
     inside the WikiPages as this allows for corruption of your page
     layout or creation of harmful JavaScript areas.

     This is however one of the few constants which could be set by
     yoursite.php for logged-in users. If it is set while a user
     saves a changed page, then the special EWIKI_DB_F_HTML will
     be set for the newly created version, so <HTML> won't be
     garbaged by ewiki_format() if another (not logged-in) user
     requests the WikiPage next time.

     You must start a line with a "|" to actually make the HTML
     work within a WikiPage.

     If a not logged-in user however re-saves the page this flag
     won't be set anymore, so you should be careful about that.
     {{edit ewiki.php and define(_DB_F_HTML with 8+16) to change}}
     
 EWIKI_RESCUE_HTML
     Was replaced by "plugins/markup_rescuehtml.php", which now allows
     for certain 'safe' HTML tags within the wiki source to be used.

 EWIKI_HTML_CHARS
     If set the rendering function will backconvert html entities which
     represent non-latin characters, like &#4234; or &#1324;


 EWIKI_HTTP_HEADERS
     Allows ewiki to throw HTTP headers, where appropriate. You should keep
     it enabled, as it allows for things like RedirectionAfterEdit (when
     a page gets saved), and many other useful things.
     headers() can often only be sent, if your wiki/yoursite.php is binary
     safe, or uses PHPs output buffering (less reliable).

 EWIKI_HTTP_HEADERS
     Instructs browsers not to cache delivered pages at all. This is often
     a good thing, because otherwise unclever caches will prevent the most
     recent wikipage version to get seen by users.


 EWIKI_CASE_INSENSITIVE
     Was only recently implemented, but ewiki is fully configurable now in
     regards to WikiLink case. It is enabled per default, and thus allows
     referencing any "WikiPage" using strings like "WiKipAgE". This is
     believed to be more user-friendly than case-dependency.
     Reverting to "binary" page name matching is not fully complete now (our
     database scheme was designed for case-insensitivity from the very start
     and thus the DB code first needs tweaking before links in ewiki really
     get case-dependent.


 EWIKI_ESCAPE_AT
      Encodes the "@" sign into a html entities, which in the past helped
      a little bit against address rippers. But please check out the new
      plugins/email_protect.php, which is more effective against email
      harvesters.


 EWIKI_URLENCODE
 EWIKI_URLDECODE
      You shouldn't disable both unless you know, you don't need to encode
      WikiPageNames (else almost always necessary for sanity and security
      reasons).


 EWIKI_USE_PATH_INFO
      If you have a broken Webserver (like many Apache versions), you may
      wish to disable the use of PATH_INFO.
      If you ever happen to see "Edit page '/wiki/example-1.php'", you
      probably need to disable it.


 EWIKI_USE_ACTION_PARAM
      Allows the page action command to be given as '&action=...' within
      an URL (else only "action/WikiPage" allowed).
      If you set this constant to 2, ewiki will also create such URLs
      (instead of the usual "edit/PageName" prefix).

 EWIKI_ACTION_SEP_CHAR
      Defines the character that separates the page name from the action
      name in generated URLs. Per default this is the slash, but you
      could use something else (like the ":" colon), which however may
      have a few drawbacks somewhere else.


 EWIKI_DB_F_TEXT
     This flag is set for every WikiPage inside the database. Usually
     the only flag set on creation of a new page.
     Starting from R1.00b previous flags will be copied after applying
     EWIKI_DB_F_COPYMASK.

 EWIKI_DB_F_BINARY
     Used for cached/uploaded images. Prevents a page from getting
     shown.
    
 EWIKI_DB_F_DISABLED
     If set will prevent the page from being shown. Not useful.
     You could more easily unset the TEXT flag to disable page view.

 EWIKI_DB_F_HTML
     Special flag to allow the current version to include <HTML>
     tags regardless of the global EWIKI_ALLOW_HTML setting.

 EWIKI_DB_F_READONLY
     Prevents a new version to be saved, and thus disallows
     editing of the WikiPage.

 EWIKI_DB_F_WRITEABLE
     Is the reversal of READONLY but only useful if you crippled
     ewiki by setting EWIKI_EDIT_AUTHENTICATE, as this flag is only
     intended to reallow editing of a page if you disallowed it before
     with _EDIT_AUTH (which denies access to _all_ pages).

 EWIKI_DB_F_APPENDONLY
     Gets implemented by the plugins/append*.php, and allows to lock
     a page, in that users can only append to edit (or edit parts of
     it). See the plugin description for more details.

 EWIKI_DB_F_SYSTEM
     Is used to mark internally used data holders (usually serialized()
     variables).

 EWIKI_DB_F_TYPE
     Used internally to separate TEXT, BINARY, DISABLED and SYSTEM entries.

 EWIKI_DB_F_COPYMASK
     When a new page is created, the flags of the previous version
     are ANDed with this value to strip off some unsafe settings.
     It could be possible to add the _DB_F_HTML setting to here, but
     this would allow HTML to be used by all users if the READONLY
     isn't set.
     Always keep in mind, that flags could be reimported from previous
     versions as well (I'm usure if this could happen).


 EWIKI_PROTECTED_MODE
     Is an operation mode of ewiki, which activates ewiki_auth() function,
     that is utilized from many places to require a permission level (from
     authenticated users). Set this constant to 1 to enable this mode.
     You'll also need some plugins from plugins/auth/ to make this useful.

     If this constant is set to 2, then you don't need a permission plugin,
     but can control access to the edit/ function, by setting $ewiki_ring
     to 2 (to allow) from within yoursite.php scripts. This setting is also
     sometimes referred to as the "ClassicProtectedMode".

 EWIKI_FLAT_REAL_MODE
     Not a configuration directive, but the opposite to _PROTECTED_MODE ;)

 EWIKI_AUTH_DEFAULT_RING
     Is the permission level which is to be set, if no user is logged in
     currently (defaults to 3 - which means "browsing only").

 EWIKI_AUTO_LOGIN
     If this is enabled, then ewiki_page() automatically requests for
     (re-)presenting the login <form> on startup, if current authentication
     isn't sufficient to go any further. Leave this enabled, it helps around
     some problems.

 EWIKI_EDIT_AUTHENTICATE
 EWIKI_ALLOW_OVERWRITE
     Outdated (were present in older ewiki versions). See
     'plugins/auth/auth_perm_old.php' to get them back.


 EWIKI_TMP
     Tells ewiki which directory to use for temporary files. The default
     value is "/tmp" or whatever the environment variable $TEMP or %TEMP
     tells (often "C:\\Windoze\\Temp" or "C:\\Trashcan" on DOS systems).


 EWIKI_LOGLEVEL
     Log messages are internally separated into four categories:
     0=evil errors, 1=warnings, 2=notices, 3=annoying debug stuff.
     If you do not want a log at all, just set this constant
     to -1 or 357. If you set it to 1 for example, you will see
     error and warning messages in EWIKI_LOGFILE.


 EWIKI_SCRIPT_BINARY
     This requires the REAL absolute address of the ewiki.php
     library script (but the database must already be opened).
     Needed for the function for cached/uploaded images.
     You can set it to almost the same value as EWIKI_SCRIPT if it
     is ensured that there is yet no output made, and the headers()
     are not already sent.

     Usually just "?binary=" works fine (if you use the index.php
     way of including ewiki.php).

     If you don't want ewiki to use image caching and uploading
     functions you would define this to "" or 0, because this disables
     the <img href> redirection through ewiki_binary(). You should then
     also disable the following two constants:

 EWIKI_CACHE_IMAGES
     Allow caching of images.
     To disable all the image functions (uploading, caching) set this to 0,
     as well as EWIKI_SCRIPT_BINARY and:

 EWIKI_IMAGE_MAXSIZE
     ewiki will scale down images until they get smaller than
     the absolute size (bytes) given here. This is true for cached
     and uploaded images.
     Your database may grow really fast, if you set it too high!
     (even if .BMP and .XWD files are discarded normally ;-)

 EWIKI_IMAGE_MAXALLOC
     Maximum size of image while uploading and resizing it (memory
     limits).

 EWIKI_IMAGE_RESIZE
     Enables the internal resizing functions.

 EWIKI_IDF_INTERNAL
     Is used to identify uploaded images and data files. Usually you do
     not want to change it, especially if there are already uploaded
     files; however "chrome://" or "file://localhost/tmp/" could be
     funny alternatives to the default "internal://".

     Note that the renderer relies only on some unique string to detect
     binary references, but the database functions in fact depend upon
     "://" to return image sizes on "FIND" calls.
     
 EWIKI_ACCEPT_BINARY
     Allows users to upload arbitrary binary files through the image upload
     function. You should now rather use the downloads plugin, which adds
     a lot of functionality missing better suited for such purposes.
     This feature depends on the image upload and cache function.


 EWIKI_ADDPARAMDELIM
     Automatically defined, holds either "?" or "&" depending on what
     is in EWIKI_SCRIPT. You shouldn't change this unless you know what
     you are doing.


 EWIKI_T_*
     These were replaced by the $ewiki_t[] array and ewiki_t() function.


 EWIKI_CHARS_U
 EWIKI_CHARS_L
     Allowed chars in WikiPageNames (uppercase and lowercase chars). Use
     this to localize your wiki (standard Wikis only allow A-Z, think of
     that when it comes to InterWiki).


 EWIKI_UP_*
     URL parameters. Changing these may only be necessary, if one is already
     evaluated within yoursite.php for other purposes (incompatibilities).
     You could also change these just to make some of the generated URLs
     look a bit nicer ;)


 EWIKI_DEFAULT_LANG
     This value is used by a few plugins, that must guess the desired
     language of visitors, or the language of a pages content.

 EWIKI_CHARSET
     ewiki currently only supports the Latin-1 charset, but UTF-8
     support is underway. So you should only specify "ISO-8859-1"
     or "UTF-8" herein (while most other "ISO-8859-*" are believed
     to work too).


 UNIX_MILLENNIUM
     Ey, don't tell me you're using Windoze ;)


 EWIKI_VERSION
     Is not used at all. It is just placed on top of every ewiki.php to tell
     you, which version you are running currently.
     Major releases have a version number like 'R1.00a', while testing and
     unstable releases have another number appended 'R1.00a7'.
    

See the tools/ subdir for a small utility to change the mentioned flags
in the ewiki database table.



$ewiki_config array
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
As it turned out not all configuration settings are as everlasting that
they can be constants (this mainly applies to "look&feel"-settings). So
some of the above mentioned EWIKI_ constants can now be overridden by
settings in the more flexible $ewiki_config[] array.

Usually this array contains index=>value pairs with simple boolean
meanings, but often there are more complex entries and some of its contents
are data/behaviour entries (that were previously/falsely in $ewiki_plugins).

You can override settings by just setting  $ewiki_config["..."]="...";
because the entries in ewiki.php are defaults that do not overwrite any
existing var. So it is really not important if you change things after or
before the 'ewiki.php' script gets included().

["script"]             Replaced EWIKI_SCRIPT, and is used to define the
                       path/URL of the ewiki wrapper script (yoursite.php,
                       which at least included the ewiki.php script and
                       runs the ewiki_page() function).

["script_url"]         Should contain an absolute URL to the ewiki wrapper
                       script. (replaces EWIKI_SCRIPT_URL)

["script_binary"]      like EWIKI_SCRIPT_BINARY

["print_title"]        replaces EWIKI_PRINT_TITLE, but also allows finer
                       grained control:
                       a 1 says that titles should be added at top of pages
                       a 2 states that titles should also link for internal
                           and generated pages
                       a 3 will make linked titles even for pages, that
                           should normally not have them

["split_title"]        replaces EWIKI_SPLIT_TITLE, defines if pages` titles
                       WikiWords should be separated by spaces when displayed

["wiki_pre_scan_regex"]  Is the regular expression used to separate out links
                       from a pages` content to query the database for
                       existence of all mentioned WikiPages.

["wiki_link_regex"]    Is the actual link search regular expression. It is
                       responsible for finding WikiWords and things in square
                       brackets and ordinary http:// or internal:// WWW-links
                       and even email addresses.

["action_links"][$ACTION1][$ACTION2]  Holds title for $ACTION2 when shown
                       on a page activated with $ACTION1 (only "view" and
                       "info" get other actions` titles associated currently).
                       This is used for the _control_links() for example to
                       entitle/show action links.

["idf"][$TYPE]         Associates arrays with identification (search) strings
                       into classes (we have "url" and "img", "obj" for
                       example associated with proto:// prefixes or filename
                       extension lists).

["interwiki"][$PREFX]  Connects other Wikis` script URLs to WikiLinkPrefixes.


["format_block"][$BTYPE]  Defines "block" types, which are scanned for in
                       WikiPages (using the given search strings), and then
                       handled by specialized ["format_block"] plugins
                       (instead of the core ewiki_format() function code).

["format_params"][]    Contains the default $params, the ewiki_format()
                       function will assume, if they weren't overridden
                       by the second paramater given to it.

["wm_..."]             WikiMarkup definitions.

["htmlentities"]       Used by ewiki_format() to pre-escape <html> in
                       wikipages (later some of the escaped html is
                       often reactivated).



internal coding explained
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
This section is to explain some of the coding style of ewiki, and how some
things work. While many parts of ewiki carry good source code comments, it
is always difficult to quickly understand larger scripts like the ewiki one
by just reading it.



         how ewiki operates
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         ewiki_page()
           - decodes the $id and $action from the GET or POST parameters
           - tries to load the page from ewiki_database()
           - if this failed then it calls the database init function
           - calls some init plugins, calls the _auth() interface
           - chains to ["page"] plugins which activate for registered $id's
           - alternatively calls a plugin that was registered for $action
           - the default however is to render the current page via _page_view()
           - adds a page title
           - sends the generated output (view page or plugin output) back to
             caller (for output into yoursite.php)

         ewiki_page_view()
           - feeds the current page $data's ["content"] into ewiki_format()
           - also decodes paramters (html allowed)
           - returns the gererated html back

         ewiki_format()
           - beatifies the source code (unifies to plain UNIX newlines)
           - calls init plugins (wiki source mangling)
           - splits source into blocks, calls block plugins
           - then goes through each line of the wiki source to generate html
           - there is line-start, in-line and complete-markup
           - afterwards everything went from source into the $ooo-output var
           - first calls the link pre scan regex (which searches for
             wikiwords and stores that information into $ewiki_links)
           - then calls the wiki-link transformation regex function
           - then calls post plugins and returns generated <html>

         ewiki_render_wiki_links()
           - searches for all (pre-fetched) $ewiki_links in the
             ewiki_database ("FIND")
           - transforms the wikiwords into html-links
           - with the regex and callback func: returns output back to
           - ewiki_format()

         ewiki_link_regex_callback()
           - transform the wiki source snippet returned from the
             preg_replace() call into a html link string
           - (complicated)

         ewiki_$page_plugin_*()
           - page plugins return html output, which usually is hardcoded as
             strings into them
           - provide some interactivity
          
         ewiki_$action_plugins_*()
           - activate on pages with special registered $action's
           - provide some interactivity (for page editing for example)



         used variables
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Variables in ewiki often have similar names, and are also
         regularily passed by reference from one function to another (so it
         is in fact the same variable).

         $id         - Is often the name of the current page (which is to be shown
                       returned as output. The content of this variable is
                       also available via the global $ewiki_id [[for plugins
                       that do not have the common ($id,$data,$action)
                       interface parameters]].

         $data       - Contains the entry fetched with the initial
                       ewiki_database() call. This is an array of the form:
                       array(
                          "id" => "CurrentPageName",
                          "version" => 1,               # 1 is the lowest possible
                          "flags" => 1,
                          "created" => 1002056301,
                          "lastmodified" => 1002171711,
                          "hits" => 235,
                          "author" => "localhost (127.0.0.1:4981),
                          "meta" => array("Http-Header"=>"X", "setting"=>"val"),
                          "content" => "wiki source...",
                       )

         $action     - The $action with wich the current page was requested
                       (most often "view", but everybody also knows "edit").

         $uu         - Short for "unused". Is used as temporary variable, especially
                       with preg_match() and string functions.

         $result     - Used for database queries SEARCH and GETALL.

         $row        - Holds temporarily fetched entries from the databases
                       (like $data), if page lists are to be generated.





  -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 --





Tweaking
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
(this part of the README is also just a collection of random notes)



Just using the wiki source transformation
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The ewiki_format function was designed to be used independently from the
ewiki database.

  ewiki_format($wiki_source, 0);

It just needs the "wiki_source" as argument and generates a nicely
formatted page from it. All you need to take care about is the
$ewiki_links variable.
Set the $ewiki_links=true ("true" and not "1" or anything else) to
enforce ewiki_format() to treat all references as existing.

To separate the ewiki_format() function out of recent ewiki versions,
you'll also need ewiki_script(), ewiki_link_regex_callback(), ... and
a lot of constants to take with. It is often much easier to just
include("ewiki.php") for using ewiki_format(). You then should however
take care, that the _binary part doesn't get activated by accident. To
prevent this, just put following before the include() statement:

  unset($_REQUEST["binary"]);
  include("ewiki.php");

If you need it more quickly, or don't want to load the whole ewiki.php
file, then just try the fragments/wiki_format.inc, which is a stripped
down version of an older rendering core function (no WikiLinks, no binary
stuff). Contributed by Frank Luithle.



Customizing ewiki_format()
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
There are various markup extension plugins available for ewiki, which
allow you to use BBCode or the syntax of another WikiWare. But if you
have a closer look at $ewiki_config (the defaults are in 'ewiki.php'
around line 200), you'll notice, that you can configure the WikiMarkup
that is to be used.
Various "wm_..." entries map our obscure markup to html <tags> (or at
least fragments of them). So in order to add a feature you could insert
an own rule there. (But keep in mind, that every new WikiMarkup slows
down the transformation function.)

Often you want to append an entry to "wm_style", for example:

   $ewiki_config["wm_style"]["==="] = array("<h1>", "</h1>");

Would allow you to write "===SomeText===" in a WikiPage, which then would
display as an far-too-large headline.

You can also add markup with different 'start' and 'end' characters, using
the "wm_start_end" entry in $ewiki_config. For example the following would
render "... ((((some text)))) ..." in a page using the html <kbd> tag:

   $ewiki_config["wm_start_end"][] = array(
       "((((", "))))",   "<kbd>", "</kbd>",
   );

Please see the section on "ewiki_format() internals" on how to write a
["format_..."] or markup plugin.



Customization using CSS
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
There are now some interesting ways to style ewiki output, just read on.

Please note, that it in your stylesheets you just write ".wiki" and
REALLY NOT ".ewiki" this time.

Also important is, that we discourage use of the underscore in CSS class
names, because it is simply forbidden there, even if current browsers do
not complain as loudly as the w3c does. (That's just why you'll now see
lots of class names with minus dashes instead of underscores.)



user style classes in pages
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The plugins/markup_css allows you to use CSS classes and style definitions
in WikiPages. With the double at @@ followed by a css classname or command
you start styling a paragraph or parts of the text.

  @@classname at the start of a paragraph will
  enclose it into a <div class="classname">
  completely

  But inside of some text, the @@styledef only
  affects the part until the next  @@  everything
  that comes later won't be enclosed in a <span>

While the css style classes must be defined in your sites` global stylesheet
to take effect, you could also use direct CSS style commands instead. These
also must follow the @@ immediately and may not contain spaces. So something
like @@color:#ff0000; will work, while specifying font names may not always.



rendered page content
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
If you are not interested in walking around the "ewiki.php" script
when you want to tune how the output looks, you should try to
utilize the (few) CSS classes ewiki defines (it does not include
even one color setting or <font> tag):

<style type="text/css">

   p     { font: ... }          // almost every part of the generated
                                // wiki pages is inside a <p>...</p>

   em    { ... }                // you could encolour this, if the browsers
   strong { ... }               // usual italic is not emphasized enough

   .indent                      // to specify a different space-indentation

</style>   



pages enclosed in style classes
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The most powerful way to style the content ewiki includes into your site
is to use the generic style class names which enclose every page that comes
from ewiki:

   <div class="wiki view ThatPage">
      ...
   </div>

This <div> is always the outermost tag around the html content that returns
from ewiki_page(). It will always contain the class "wiki", after this
the current page action/ and PageName (the action is usually "view", but
can be also "edit", "info", "links" or something similar).

Keeping this in mind you can easily style all, a few or even just a single
page from ewiki in your stylesheet. (We'll explain it here, because the word
of multiple class names and the cascading way of using CSS is not very
widespread.)

.wiki  {                       // this affects every page ewiki returns
   background-color: #ccccff;
   font-family: "WikiFont";
   ...
}

.wiki.view  { ... }            // only applies to pages that are "view"ed
.wiki.links  { ... }           // BackLinks
.wiki.edit  { ... }            // when a page gets edited

.wiki.PageIndex  {             // this rule affects only a __single__ page
   ...                         // regardless what the "action/" is now;
}                              // useful for "PowerSearch" or "PageIndex"

.wiki.edit.ThisVerySpecialPage {   // this css section applies to just one
   ...                             // page again, and this time only when
}                                  // it gets edited



plugin output styling
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
There often appear special 'pieces' within a rendered page that ewiki
returns, because not everything in the returned html code belongs to the
requested pages` content.

For example the current pages` title needs its own css class, like does
the block of action links ("EditThisPage, PageInfo, ...") below every page,
so it can be distinguished from the pages` text.

Also note again the use of the '.wiki' selector within the following
stylesheet guide and ewiki CSS class overview:


.wiki  h2.page.title  {         // all titles now have it, while many
   ...                          // of them include links as well
}

.wiki.view  .action-links  {    // "EditThisPage, PageInfo, ..." links
   ...                          // are inside such a block, like are two
}                               // <hr>'s

.wiki.info  .chunked-result {   // some generated pages (like the history
   ...                          // info/ ones) may need to split their
}                               // results; this matches those links

  //-- the edit/ pages are separated into
  //   following blocks:
.wiki.edit  .edit-box   { ... }
.wiki.edit  .image-upload   { ... }
.wiki.edit  .preview  { ... }

  //-- info/ pages contain a history of page versions, each enclosed in
  //   a <table class="version-info">, the <tr>s inside can be selected
  //   separately:
.wiki.info  table.version-info  { ... }
.wiki.info  .version-info  .action-links  { ... }
.wiki.info  .version-info  .page-author  { ... }
.wiki.info  .page-refs  { ... }
.wiki.info  .page-flags  { ... }


The class naming across most of the extension plugins is not unified, so you
may often need to look it up here - or inside of the plugins source code.
This is at least necessary for calendar and navbar, which follow a very
different naming scheme.

.wiki  .download-entry  { ... }
.wiki  .download-form  { ... }
.wiki  .upload-form  { ... }

.wiki  .image-append  { ... }



Idea Collection
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Here we'll note some tricks, on how to do this and that. Some of the
following paragraphs also explain workarounds for currently lacking
features.



        Multiple Wikis / InterWiki feature abuse
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        Other WikiWare provides means to have multiple namespaces in a wiki,
        what if fact is contrary to the original Wiki idea suggesting a
        single flat namespace. ewiki does not support SubWikis or alike, to
        get multiple Wikis using one ewiki installation you'll need multiple
        layout and config wrappers (each with its own absolute URL and
        differen EWIKI_DB_TABLE_NAME or EWIKI_DBFILES_DIRECTORY constants).

        This way you'd get two independent Wikis (with two different SQL
        database tables, or flat_files directories), and of course links
        between those two need a special syntax. And the best approach here
        was to use the InterWiki linking feature.

        To do so, invent to InterWikiAbbreviations for each of your separate
        Wikis and add it to $ewiki_config["interwiki"] as follows:

          $ewiki_config["interwiki"]["main"] = "/wiki/main/?id=";
          $ewiki_config["interwiki"]["office"] = "/wiki/office/?id=";
          $ewiki_config["interwiki"]["tech"] = "http://tech.company.com/?id=";
          $ewiki_config["interwiki"]["our-www"] = "http://www.company.com/";
        
        The last one is an example, on how to use the InterWiki feature to
        generate references to arbitrary web documents, with a simple syntax
        like "[our-www:/customers/pub/rules.html]" - it's somehow standard to
        use "company-url:" or "company-www:" as InterWikiAbbreviation for this
        purpose.







  -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 --




Explanations
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The next few paragraphs shall enlight more detailed how some things are
handled in ewiki (and why it is that way).



Binary and Text content
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Because I'd like to keep it small (see also the "Everything in one
script" paragraph) ewiki also creates just one database table.
Differently from other Wikis this one has the 'flags' setting for
each saved page. And as I successfully used this bad trick in earlier
projects many times to integrate support for hundreds of different
functions (CMS, links, boards/forums, ...) into a single table; I
thought it could be funny to have something like this in ewiki too.

While the image thingi seemed senseful to me, other binary data
cannot be feed into database without helper plugins, because this is
a Wiki script and not an almighty portal software!

Uploading and caching of images requires the EWIKI_SCRIPT_BINARY
constant to be set correctly (no output may be made before "ewiki.php"
is included == "binary safe").
The ewiki_binary() function handles almost all of this, and gets
activated automagically (whenever required) as soon as ewiki.php is
included().

I believe these functions to be rather safe, as there are many sanity checks
throughout the code to separate between _DB_F_BINARY and _DB_F_TEXT content.



        Image Uploading
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        The currently most important use for the BINARY flag and image
        functions is to upload images with the small form below every page
        edit box.

        The upload/caching functions can be disabled fully if
        EWIKI_SCRIPT_BINARY and EWIKI_CACHE_IMAGES are set empty (or zero).

        URLs starting with "internal://" represent the uploaded files. The
        string is just a md5() sum generated from the contents of the
        uploaded file. This way files won't get saved another time if they
        are uploaded twice.  For uploading a JavaScript-capable browser is
        recommended. It will work without, but then requires the user to
        copy the [internal://...] text (from one window to another).

        The color of the temporary upload info screen can only be changed
        inside the ewiki_binary() function, currently.

        Beware that images usually get downscaled if they are larger than
        specified with EWIKI_IMAGE_MAXSIZE (per default 64K).



        Images Caching
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        Images are usually redirected through EWIKI_SCRIPT_BINARY, and ewiki
        tries to save them inside the database as with uploaded images. So
        most of the facts from the previous paragraph apply to this function
        too.

        You must enable this feature with EWIKI_IMAGE_CACHING, it is shipped
        disabled currently.
        Adding a ?nocache to the image URL disables this feature for just one
        specific image, if _IMAGE_CACHING was otherwise enabled.

        Images are downscaled to fit the maximum defined size in
        EWIKI_IMAGE_MAXSIZE (bytes) if the PHP libgd extension is available
        (else dropped and then always redirecting clients which request
        those image).



        Image WikiMarkup
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        Usually one writes image references using square brackets around the
        url of an image: [http://www.example.com/pics/image.png] or:
        [internal://md5md5md5md5md5md5md5md5md5md5md5md5.png]

        This will include (inline) the image into the page, when rendered
        and viewed.  Using the standard square bracket link entitling syntax
        also image references can be named (non-graphics / alternative
        text):
        [http://www.example.com/pics/image.png | This is an example image]
        [http://.../image.pic "or entitle it using double quotes"]

        Images can also be "aligned" to either side of the screen, thus the
        remaining text will flow around it. To achieve this include spaces
        to the left or the right of the image URL:

        * picture to the LEFT:   [http://www.example.com/pics/image.png  ]
        * picture to the RIGHT:  [  http://www.example.com/pics/image.png]
        * CENTRED picture:     [  http://www.example.com/pics/image.png  ]

        Note that you must use __two__ spaces, currently!

        Image rescaling is possible by appending x=... and y=... as query
        string parameters behind the image URL:
          [http://www.example.com/pics/image.png?x=160&y=120]
        The query string parameters "width" and "height" are also accepted.

        If you have an image URL, but you do not want to get that image
        inlined into the current page, then just leave out the square
        brackets around.



        binary_store, direct access
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        While storing the binary data together with text pages in the same
        database is most often a good thing and suits most sites, there
        exists also a workaround/hack to keep this binary data in plain
        files. The advantage is a smaller database and possibly a little
        speed enhancement (with a large collection of binary things in the
        db). However the drawback is, that use of plugins/binary_store is
        only transparent to the main ewiki script, but all admin tools/
        won't be aware of it.

        If you choose to use the binary_store.php plugin, you can also let
        ewiki generate URLs directly to the then stored data files if you
        just set the EWIKI_DB_STORE_URL constant.

        Please see the paragraph on this plugin for more informations on
        this.



        Arbitrary Binary Content
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        Set the EWIKI_ACCEPT_BINARY constant, if you'd like to allow any
        binary file to be uploaded and saved in the database using the image
        upload function.  Uploaded files will show up as ordinary (except
        that "internal://" href prefix) links.

        Please also note the "plugins/download.php", which does a much
        better job than this constant.



$action and $id
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Inside of ewiki.php you'll see many occurrences of variables named $id and
$action. The $id refers to the current page, which usually is a string like
ThisPage, ThatPage, OrAnotherPage.

Because just having pages wasn't believed to be sufficient enough, there
is also a way to do something with them. That is what the $action tells.
The most often used $action is "view" and is automatically assumed when
no other $action was specified in the current ewiki URL. For non-existent
pages alternatively the "edit" $action may get used instead.

So the $action now delegates control about a requested page to a subfunc
or plugin of ewiki, so the stored data of the page can be used for
something (viewing being again the most common thing to do with it).

"action/ForTheCurrentPage" is how both often looks in conjunction (again:
if there is no "$action/" then "view/" will be assumed). Here the $action
appears in front of the page name separated by a slash. A pagename now can
contain slashes too, because ewiki can figure out, that "view/That/Page"
separates into the $action being "view" and $id is "That/Page" in this
example (the "view" gets mandatory in such cases).



        ewiki URLs
        ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
        "$action/$id" is most commonly appended as "GET parameter" to an
        ewiki URL, after a string like "?id=" or "?page=" - you've already
        noticed that!

        There are of course other ways to design the URLs ewiki produces
        and uses, the PATH_INFO being one of the most favoured alternatives.
        (we had a paragraph on this earlier, see on top of this README)

        Other Wikis use different URLs too, but you can tweak ewiki easily
        to a different behaviour, because you have the chance to pass your
        $action and $id to ewiki_page() from different sources. And because
        URL generation is encapsulated into the function ewiki_script()
        you could easily change just a few lines to make them look like you
        desire.

        The $action can be passed as "?action=" parameter already (this is
        core support), so URLs could for example look like
        ".../my/wiki.php?id=ThisPage&action=view" ... or something alike.







  -------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 --






Everything in one script
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
I think its handy to have one script for one task, and as ewiki is not
intended to be used as portal script I think it's senseless to have
always thousands of libs/scripts surrounding it.

However as time went on, it turned out, that it would either slow down 
the core 'library' when everything was included into it, or that there
couldn't be much further development at some point.

So packaging useful but non-essential extensions into separate files was
a good decision. Most of the plugin code can however still be inserted
into or appended to the main "ewiki.php" script easily.

As I realized that it really takes some time to edit the source when
including non-standard things I decided to add that simple extension
mechanism. Internally it is represented by the "$ewiki_plugins" array,
which holds an list of alternative functions for various tasks.
This allows to just include("a/plugin.php") for additional functionality
inside ewiki.

   Note: if you're going to use almost all plugins, you should think about
   merging them altogether into one .php file:
   cat plugins/*.php > all-plugins.php
   It is much faster to include() just one big .php script, than it is to
   let the PHP parser run over twenty small ones (PHP is not interpreted,
   but memory-compiled).



database plugins
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The ewiki.php core script contains a database request function which is
tailored to a MySQL database. However that function is already prepared
to chain to another "database abstraction" function if desired.



         MySQL support
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         The first implemented, and still most recommended way to use
         ewiki is with a MySQL (3.21 or later) database. RDBMS work more
         reliably and of course much faster than any other of the ewiki
         database backends.

         As the core ewiki_database() inside ewiki.php already includes
         the MySQL database calls, there is usually nothing to do, but
         opening a database connection before ewiki.php is included()
         from yoursite.php
         Please look at the top of this README for an example.

         As PHPs mysql_() functions don't require a db resource link to
         be given anymore, the ewiki_database() function does not pass
         and thus does not require it too. (If you use more than one MySQL
         database, you should take care, that ewiki accesses the one you
         accesses least.)



         plugins/db_flat_files
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         If you don't have access to a MySQL database, then just include()
         this plugin to save your wiki pages into simple text files (editable,
         often called "flat files") inside a dedicated subdirectory. You
         must set EWIKI_DBFILES_DIRECTORY in the 'ewiki.php' script to the
         correct dirname. Don't forget, that it must be given either relative
         to where the ewiki.php script is run from (like "./pages") or
         absolute to the servers filesystem root (for example
         "/export/htdocs/user528742/www.example.com/ewiki/pages") but NOT
         relative to your WebSpaces DocumentRoot!.

         Usually "/tmp" will work, but this one is purged on every boot; and
         therefore you should create a new sub directory (" mkdir ./pages ")
         where all files go into. This newly created subdir must be made
         »world-writeable« using the command "chmod 777 ./pages", because the
         WebServers user id counts when accessing it.

         Usually you can do both from within your ftp client (the commands
         are the same if you have a shell account):
         ftp> cd .../ewiki
         ftp> mkdir pages
         ftp> chmod 777 pages
         ftp> ls
         -rw----r--    1 yourname yourname    57024 01. Jan 00:00 ewiki.php
         -rw----r--    1 yourname yourname      512 01. Jan 00:00 index.php
         drwx---r-x    2 yourname yourname     4096 01. Jan 00:00 init-pages
         drwxrwxrwx    2 yourname yourname     4096 25. Feb 23:59 pages
         drwx---r-x    2 yourname yourname     4096 01. Jan 00:00 plugins
         -rw----r--    1 yourname yourname    33010 01. Jan 00:00 README
         ftp> quit

         In graphical FTP clients there is usually a menu entry to set
         "access mode" or "access rights" (sometimes "file permissions") of
         files and directories equally.

         Again: don't forget to set the EWIKI_DBFILES_DIRECTORY constant to
         the correct value!
         If you create a subdirectory for the page files in the same directory
         the main 'ewiki.php' script resides, you usually want to set the
         config constant to just "./thesubdirectory" - here you could leave
         out the "./" (not required as it only refers to the current path).
         Btw, the slash character will work in directory specifications on
         windoze systems too (mr. bill once had to introduce a hierarchical
         filesystem in DOS 2.0, but choosed the bad backslashes, so no one
         should notice where that idea was borought from).

         The saved pages are in a format usually referred to as
         "message/http" (like www service request) or "message/rfc822"
         (internet mail).  They usually look like:
           +-----------------------------------------------
           | id: WikiPageName\r
           | version: 1\r
           | flags: 1\r
           | author: 127.0.0.1:3054\r
           | created: 1046532697\r
           | lastmodified: 1046532697\r
           | refs: \nErfurtWiki\nNewestPages\n\r
           | \r
           | !! WikiSourceContent
           | <more-text>...

         This file format can be exported by the "backup" tool, so you could
         easily change from the MySQL database to the flat-files one, if
         desired. Each page file exists in different versions, where the
         version number is always appended to the saved pages` file name.

         EWIKI_DBFILES_NLR converts newlines into the string "\n", but just
         for the values of the metadata. So there shouldn't occur much
         inconsistency, because the wiki content is saved binary safe in
         those "flat files".

         Filenames will be heavily converted on Win32 (urlencoded), while on
         state of the art UNIX/Linux systems only a few characters are
         replaced (slashes into backslashes) to match filesystem requirements.

         Problems: dbff WikiPageNames are currently not case-insensitive on
         UNIX-filesystems (while the MySQL-table is).
         Hits won't get counted; I don't think it is that essential, and it
         would take too much effort and time (file accesses) to support this.

         Note: You cannot do a "backup" from a Unix server to a Win box by
         using a plain FTP program, because many characters are allowed in
         Unix filenames but not on Win partitions. If you really want and
         need to do so regularily, you could then setup ewiki with
         EWIKI_DBFILES_ENCODE enabled from the very beginning. - The better
         aproach was to use 'ewikictl' or 't_backup' or 't_transfer' for the
         backup task.



         plugins/db_fast_files
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         NOTE: The db_fast_files has been merged into db_flat_files, so both
         formats can be read now - at the same time! Updated or new pages will
         however always be written in the file format determined by
         EWIKI_DB_FAST_FILES (defaults to 0), edit the "db_flat_files.php"
         script to change that constant setting, or even add it to your
         "config.php" so it was always present.

         While "db_flat_files" allows you to edit the WikiPage files (using
         any simple text editor), the "db_FAST_files" plugin saves the pages
         in a binary&compressed format (utilizing PHP's serialize function).

         This generally leads to a speed enhancement. Additionally this also
         allowed the PageHit counting to be activated (which is off in plain
         flat files).

         So you may wish to use this plugin in favour of the older
         db_flat_files.  And as now both methods are available at the same
         time, you can switch whenever you want.

         Most of the setup guide from above is true for this one, too.

         An additional configuration constant introduced here is
         EWIKI_DBFILES_GZLEVEL, which tells the PHP internal zlib how much
         time to spend on compression of the saved pages. Usually the zlib
         uses a default of 5, but for speed purposes it is set to 2 here. You
         can also set the constant to 0 so the files will get saved
         uncompressed (but still in 'binary' format). A value of 9 will give
         you the smallest possible files, but this takes a little more CPU
         cycles (a bit slower).

         This plugin was contributed by Carsten Senf.



         plugins/db_any
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         If you use a relational SQL database other than MySQL, then you
         may want to give this plugin a try. It itself provides a wrapper
         for the PHP database access wrapper libraries ADOdb, PEAR::DB and
         dbx().
         These wrappers themselves provide unified access to various SQL
         databases in contrast to the many highly different db access
         functions of PHP. Each of these db access wrappers has advantages
         and disadvantages and so none of them is really widespread and many
         users of course only jump on one of these trains. Because ewiki now
         tries to be 'library' it will use whatever database access wrapper
         you already have running on your site or container CMS, and the
         highly simplified anydb_*() now tries to make use of it.

         The plugin is based upon the current MySQL database backend, and
         thus may not be compatible to all proprietary SQL variants other
         vendors usually enforce.

         Before you can use the db_any plugin you must ensure that you
         either already have the PHP dbx extension dll loaded or the PEAR::DB
         or ADOdb include files loaded. db_any will like to see an opened
         database connection inside of the global '$db' variable. If
         yoursite.php hasn't already a connection opened when ewiki.php
         gets included, then you should preferably choose to use the
         anydb_connect() function to do so (it will choose from PEAR::DB,
         ADOdb and PHP dbx interfaces).
         The '$db' connection handle can be shared between your site and
         ewiki as long as it is a handle for one of the mentioned database
         access wrapper libraries.



         plugins/db_adodb
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         obsoleted by plugins/db_any



         plugins/db_dba
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         including() this plugin enables ewiki to store the WikiPages in the
         Berkeley DB file given with the EWIKI_DBA constant.  Your PHP binary
         must be compiled with either the "dba" or the "dbm" extension to use
         this (and the dba extension requires at least one other database
         type to be enabled).

         The plugin has a built-in list of preferred dba database types, but
         it respects the filename extension of EWIKI_DBA. For example
         "wiki.db3" would create a DB3 database file, while "wiki.gdbm"
         resulted in a GDBM file, if that php extension was available.

         The PHP dba extension can support the db types (if compiled for):
         .gdbm
         .ndbm
         .db2
         .db3
         .db4
         .flatfile
         .dbm

         If you have the PHP "dbm" extension enabled, wrapper functions will
         get enabled, so this works even if the "dba" extension is not there.

         The .flatfile is often available even if you haven't compiled your
         PHP binary for anything else than "dba". This may also often be
         faster than one of the db_flat_files plugins.

         If EWIKI_DBFILES_GZLEVEL is set to a value from 1 (fast) till 9
         (very good compression, but slow), the saved pages will get
         compressed inside the dba database. With 0 this feature gets
         disabled.



         plugins/db_phpwiki13
         --------------------
         The original ewiki database table structure was compatible with the
         one used in PhpWiki version 1.2.x, however it turned out that the
         PhpWiki project has yet not stopped completely and choosed to
         implement a more relational table structure with version 1.3

         This plugin is only meant for transition __from__ PhpWiki v1.3.x to
         ewiki, it should NOT be used to connect ewiki with PhpWiki forever.

         Write access is disabled per default, but available. However it is
         probably not fully compatible with the database abstraction and usage
         of PhpWiki, so it is likely to corrupt your database if you use it
         for a longer period of time. This warning is mainly because the
         'latestmajor', 'latestminor and 'minor_edit' rows in the PhpWiki
         database, because such stuff is not used by ewiki at all. ewiki also
         tries to put some of the pages meta data into places where it could
         eventually confuse PhpWiki.
         Write access is however done nearly as safe as within the ewiki
         database access layer (INSERT statement to not overwrite existing
         entries).

         Again: this plugin is in no way meant to encourage you to keep your
         old PhpWiki database!  ;>
         Please see also "tools/ewiki_convertdb.php".

         If you temporarily enable this plugin within the default/example
         "config.php" or the "tools/ewiki_tools_config.php" you can also
         utilize the very powerful 'ewikictl' cmdline utility to generate a
         copy of your PhpWiki database in one of the backup formats suitable
         for later use with ewiki.



         plugins/binary_store
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Is a hack into the ewiki core, which will store binary/uploaded
         files outside of the default ewiki database (as plain files in a
         data directory).

         Please also see the documentation on top of the plugin file.

         Per default ewiki can store "binary" entries beside ordinary text
         pages in the database. If you'd like to keep uploaded files/images
         out of the db, then this plugin/hack will help. It intercepts ewiki
         and saves uploaded data into a plain data file, and instead creates
         a "binary symlink" in the database for it (just the binary meta
         data will get stored, with a hint on where to later access the plain
         data file).

         This may sometimes be a speed enhancement and reduces size of the
         database, however it has the drawback that only the main ewiki
         script can handle this transparently and all admin tools/ fail to
         deal with the stored plain data files (no backup support and so on).
         
         By setting the EWIKI_DB_STORE_URL constant correctly (corresponding
         to your wiki setup and where you store the data files, compare with
         EWIKI_DB_STORE_DIRECTORY) you can make ewiki create URLs directly
         to where the stored plain data files reside (they do not contain
         ewiki database meta data, and thus could be accessed directly by
         http clients/browsers).

         Please be sure to configure this plugin by setting _DB_STORE_DIRECTORY
         to something more useful than "/tmp", so your uploaded files will
         still be there after a reboot.



core enhancements
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Some really cool features are put into extension plugins, and the most
important, recommended and most often used ones are listed in this section:



         plugins/patchsaving
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         If two users concurrently edit a page, then only the first saving
         attempt will succeed; which the second user is told by the "This
         page version was already saved" failure message.

         This plugin works around this by passing the contents of the
         concurrent versions through the 'diff' and 'patch' utilities, which
         often merges the two different modifications in a new version that
         can be saved into the database so there is no need for the failure
         message.



         plugins/notify
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin enables users to get notified, whenever someone changes
         a watched page. To enable 'watching' one must just place an email
         address into the page with following syntax:
            [notify:mail@example.com]

         This bracket will be invisible, when a page is viewed, so it can be
         placed anywhere. The notifications will be sent to this address
         as long as the tag is there.

         If one wishes to receive notification messages in another language,
         this just needs to be added after a comma or semicolon, like:
            [notify:pop3@example.net,de]
         This is often only necessary for the generic TLDs .com .org .net,
         or where language code and TLD differ.



         plugins/jump
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Introduces magic markup for page redirection (switching to another
         page). Possible notations are:

           [jump:OtherPage]
           [goto:SwitchToThere]

         The EWIKI_JUMP_HTTP setting tells this plugin to send a Location:
         and redirect HTTP status when encountering a page [jump:]. Else
         this plugin will show up the JumpDestination page without notifying
         the browser about it.

         It is also possible to perform InterWiki jumps, just be using the
         common InterWikiMoniker: syntax.  [jump:WardsWiki:WelcomeVisitors]



         plugins/email_protect
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin 'ciphers' all valid email addresses inside a WikiPage
         for protection against automated spambots. Additionally it
         throws fake/trap email addresses to spam spammers databases :>

         It ist not integrated into the core script, because some people
         may prefer to have email addresses visible (intranet usage).
         However it is HIGHLY RECOMMENDED to enable this plugin. Despite
         its file size it is rather fast.



         plugins/spages (StaticPages)
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         The "StaticPages"-plugin allows ewiki to access files in a given
         directory. If these files are in text format, ewiki will parse them
         as WikiPages. But if you put files with an extension .html, .htm or
         .php into one of the specified StaticPages` directories they will
         be returned as is from ewiki_page() - the .php files will of course
         get executed and their output is returned.

         The basename of the files in the directories to be used by spages 
         will make up the WikiPageName with which the files will be
         accessible. 

         Any given directory (see on top of plugins/spages.php) will be read
         recursively. So files in a subdirectory will get available as a
         page with a name like "subdir/FileName". If the name of the
         subdirectory contains a dot at the end, then the slash will be left
         out in favour of a dot: resulted in "subdir.FileName" for example.

         PHP scripts in a spages directory however have some restrictions,
         like not being able to return headers() or to access most global
         variables without use of the $GLOBALS[] syntax. If you rely on
         such functionality you should rather write an ordinary page plugin
         (which in fact is often much easier).
         From the output of .html and .php scripts only the parts between
         <body> and </body> will be returned as page content. Any <html>
         head area will get stripped, as it would lead to completely invalid
         html code if it was returned as is by ewiki_page() into yoursite.

         To let this plugin load pages from directories, you should either
         edit the array on top of this plugin file, or define() the
         EWIKI_SPAGES_DIR (before! including the spages.php script), which
         then also would be read in.
         Alternatively you could call the ewiki_init_spages() function
         yourself to register a directory for processing (after! loading the
         spages plugin):

           include("plugins/spages.php");
           ewiki_init_spages("/var/www/wiki/staticpages/");

         You could also use this plugin to inline the ewiki database tools/
         as virtual pages.

         Btw, it is very easy to make a StaticPage from a ewiki page plugin
         and vice versa. Please also note the tools/mkpageplugin which can
         convert anything used as StaticPage into a page plugin for easy
         including() with other ewiki plugins.



         plugins/pluginloader
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         The pluginloader plugin automatically loads ["action"] and ["page"]
         plugins, whenever necessary. This allows to skip dozens of
         include() statements within the config.php (which most always just
         slow down script startup). It is configured via a static array,
         which defines which plugins are allowed to be automatically invoked
         on request.
         Detailed explanaition is available within this script.



         plugins/init
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Handles database initialization using the distributed standard Wiki
         files from './init-pages'. Unlike the ewiki-builtin function to
         perform that task, this plugin first outputs informational notes
         to the user, prior database initialization.
         Once you have your SQL or ./files database initialized, you should
         disable this plugin (it then isn't be required anymore).



         plugins/feature/appendonly
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin (a family of) implements the actual support for the
         _DB_F_APPENDONLY page flag. When the flag is set, and this plugin
         active, then ordinary users can further only append text to the
         page, and won't be able to edit the earlier written parts of it. So
         this implements a much softer approach than the _READONLY page
         flag.

         Also this plugin comes in three flavours, but you can often only
         load one of them:

         "appendonly" - Really allows just additions to be made to the page,
                        each new separated by a horizontal bar.

         "appendwrite" - Allows to insert a page separator, which protects
                        the upper part from getting edited by ordinary
                        users. Everything below a horizontal bar (denoted
                        by at least 16 minus signs) or a double horizontal
                        bar remains editable by all users.
                        This plugin activates only if the _APPENDONLY and
                        _WRITEABLE flag is set.

         "appendcomments" - stores page additions in an separate database
                        entry marked with _DB_F_PART, but allows this part
                        to get edited as whole (like "appendwrite" plugin).

         The last one is probably not very useful, as it generates some
         overhead and in fact is a collection of various workarounds to
         accomplish the desired functionality (so it may prove little
         lifetime).



         plugins/feature/imgresize_gd
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Was extracted from the core during the R1.00f development releases.
         Automatically rescales uploaded images, if they are larger than
         EWIKI_IMAGE_MAXSIZE.
         As it uses the gd2 library, there must be support for this in your
         PHP binary. There are a lot of problems on Win32 systems, and also
         some Linux binarys (-dev ones) crash constantly if you load this
         plugin but don't have the libgd activated or available.



         plugins/feature/imgresize_magick
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Rescales uploaded images via the ImageMagick utility "mogrify",
         which is usually only available on UNIX systems. It should however
         be fairly simple to make this plugin work with some other image
         manipulation tool (at least with Linux).



         plugins/feature/spellcheck
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Turns the [preview] button below every page edit box into a
         spellcheck function.

         You need a working 'aspell' or 'ispell' on your system, or the
         PHP internal aspell functions - as it is rather slow it only shows
         up the first 20 errors on a page



action/ plugins
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Action plugins are those, that can be activated ON individual pages. And
usually are shown as links below a page. The ewiki-builtin EditThisPage,
BackLinks and PageInfo are ["action"] plugins for example.



         plugins/action/diff
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Enables to view the differences between two saved page versions
         (what changes somebody has done to the page), but it is rather
         stupid and guessworking in how it does so.
         


         plugins/action/translation
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin adds a link to the GoogleLanguageTools or AltaVista
         BabelFish, which then remotely translated the current page into
         the users preferred language. It has support to detect the lang
         of the current pages content, to redirect to the right service.



         plugins/like_pages
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         LikePages is a search feature of WardsWiki, which scans for
         WikiPages whose name is somewhat similar to the one of the current
         page (the pagename must be made up of the same WikiWordParts so a
         page gets listed).



         plugins/action/raw
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Can be used to download the unrendered Wiki source of a page.



plugins related to hypertext links
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The linking/ plugin group deals with how links inside the Wiki will look and
work. Some of them are would also fall the "core enhancements" group, while
others are just handy or for link beatification.



         plugins/linking/tcn
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         ewiki evaluates the Accept-Language HTTP header modern browser
         send with each request. This plugin now automatically brings up
         a variant of the current requested page if it finds a match in
         the database. To make it work, you need to create pages with
         language suffixes in their names like:
           ThisPage.es
           ThisPage
           ThisPage.de
         or
           OtherPage
           OtherPage*nl

         Note, that there can always be one page in each name group without
         that suffix. This page then will be assumed to be in the default
         language set by EWIKI_DEFAULT_LANG.

         If multiple page versions are available, then a list will be
         printed above the page title to allow users to override the
         prefered language guess of this plugin.



         plugins/linking/plural
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin tries to alias plural and singular page names against
         each other. That is, "WikiPage" will be shown, whenever "WikiPages"
         was requested (and vice versa).



         plugins/linking/autolinking
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         The autolinking plugin allows to have automatic links inside the
         Wiki for words which exist in the database, but are no real
         WikiWords. This is made possible by the companion StaticPage
         admin plugin "spages/Admin/PrepareAutolinking", which must be
         invoked from time to time to update the db cache entry, which the
         autolinking plugin utilizes.



         plugins/linking/link_css
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Adds CSS classes to the links generated by the Wiki page formatting
         kernel, which then allow you to colorize (or to otherwise change
         appearance of links) via a style sheet.



         plugins/linking/link_icons
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         The link_icons plugin prepends icon <img>s before registered link
         types, like the link_css plugin adds class="..." attributes to the
         html formatted links in every page.



         plugins/linking/link_target_blank
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Adds 'target="blank"' to link tags <a>, which will result in most
         browsers opening pages in a new window.



         plugins/linking/linkexcerpts
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Adds a short preview text (with <a title="...">) to every link of
         a page. This however requires multiple additonal database accesses
         (slower) and could enlarge delivered .html page sizes dramatically.



         plugins/linking/linkdatabase
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Is a page plugin, which provides a nearly compliant implementation
         of the page and link structure export function known from the UseMod
         WikiWare and MeatBall:LinkDatabase. This is useful for contributing
         to the upcoming InterWikiBatabase and BorgWiki.



         plugins/linking/instanturls
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to specify URL abbreviations on one or more summary pages.
         This can be done using a table or a definition list to assign
         each URL a title, which then can be used on other pages as square
         bracket reference.

         The 'instanturl_find' plugin in addition allows to use the [find:]
         moniker to perform partial searches in the list of URL
         abbreviations, but also in the list of interwiki monikers. As
         fallback it searches for matching page names or redirects to
         Google.



         plugins/linking/titlefix
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to swap [title|PageName] in square brackers [Page|title],
         because that can easily be detected, if the page already exists.



         plugins/interwiki/intermap
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin (in fact only a general include) extends the list of
         known InterWiki: prefixes with a more complete set merged from
         MoinMoin and PhpWiki's interwiki.map.  The links are rather
         untested to work at the moment.




appearance/ tweaks
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
There are various plugin hooks within ewiki, which allow to mangle text
strings and data immediately before it would be returned as output.



         plugins/appearance/listpages_br
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin will produce <br> separated lists (for SearchPages,
         PageIndex, MostVisitedPages, and so on).



         plugins/appearance/listpages_ul
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Creates real <ul> lists (WordIndex, CreatedPages, ...) instead of
         the &middot; ones, ewiki core would usually return.



         plugins/listpages_tbl
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         The listpages_tbl plugin outputs a table instead of the ordinary
         page lists (PageIndex, UpdatedPages, ...). You need to edit its
         source to set colours to fit your site layout.



         plugins/appearance/fancy_list_dict
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         The WordIndex and PageIndex plugins (unlike the other page list
         returning ones like SearchPages and UpdatedPages) can utlize this
         plugin to output a pretty dictionary like listing of pages.



         plugins/appearance/title_calendar
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Changes the titles of calendar plugin entries in the database into
         a more readable format for page lists (PageIndex, PowerSearch,
         UpdatedPages, and so on).



page plugins
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The page plugins provide additional "generated/internal" pages, which have
a standard WikiWordPageName and can thus be referenced easily from within
ordingary WikiPages. But they are of course uneditable (because their
content is 'hardcoded' as PHP code) and most action/ plugins cannot perform
any function on them.

With the rise of the StaticPages plugin, the page plugins are almost
outdated, because all their code could now be extracted into a StaticPage
file, so their code had to be loaded only on request (instead of including()
them regardless if they're needed or not, how it currently is done).



         plugins/page/powersearch
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugins provides a (probably) better search function
         with the default page name "PowerSearch". It tries to guess
         a value, which tells something about how good a page matches
         the searched words and orders the found pages list by this
         (possibly not very useful) value. It prints the top 10 results
         more verbose.



         plugins/page/pageindex
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Lists all pages found in the database alphabetically.



         plugins/page/wordindex
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Lists the word parts of all wiki pages, but requires the
         powersearch plugin to be present, because the result is redirected
         to there as usually many of the listed words belong to multiple
         page names.



         plugins/page/imagegallery
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Outputs a page containing all cached/uploaded images. The
         images are currently not rescaled to fit on the page; this
         work is left to the browser.
         Needs enhancement.



         plugins/page/aboutplugins
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Lists all registered plugins (mpi, page, action, task/core). The
         name refers to the "about:plugins" page present in recent browsers.
        


         plugins/page/orphanedpages
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Shows up a list of pages, that exist, but are not linked from any
         other pages. These is often also called dead pages.

         Note that this plugin does not take into account, if any page
         can be reached from the frontpage - such a hypertext tree test
         would require much more work than realized in here.



         plugins/page/wantedpages
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Returns a list of pages to which QuestionMarkLinks? currently
         exist.



         plugins/page/since_updates
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Provides a list of pages with actualization times.



         plugins/page/textupload
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         The virtual TextUpload plugin allows to insert new WikiPages by
         uploading text files. It can convert from various formats into Wiki
         content, including some proprietary Office file formats, if one of
         the possibile filters is avaiable (Unix style file piping).
         It also can extract multiple files from a Tarball or ZIP archive
         if the according utilities are available (even on DOS/Win systems).



         plugins/page/wikidump
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to download a gzipped tarball containing all readily
         rendered pages as .html files and also images.



         plugins/page/interwikimap
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Shows up the currently in use InterWikiMap.



         plugins/page/hitcounter
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Sums up the individual {hits} count of all pages and returns the
         overall count.



         plugins/page/scandisk
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Presents an unserious statistic.



         plugins/page/wikinews
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Returns the most recently added pages in an overview, that
         incorporates a small fragment from the content of those newly added
         pages.



         plugins/page/wikiuserlogin
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to set a free-form username, which then would be stored into
         the database whenever a page was edited.



         plugins/page/randompage
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Shows up a randomly choosen page from the database.



         plugins/page/fortune
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Calls the Unix /usr/games/fortune program and prints out returned
         content.



         plugins/page/ewikilog
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to review the content of the 'ewiki.log' file.



         plugins/page/phpinfo
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Shows the settings of your PHP interpreter.



         plugins/page/README
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Can parse the distributed README file and make a hypertext
         presentation from it, for easier reading of the Wiki documentation.
         It is printed in <pre> text, but with WikiLinking enabled (which
         however is rarely used in the README file). It additionally
         presents the README.de and README.auth files.



         plugins/page/wikiuserlogin
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to post a username (Note: this one does not do any sort of
         real authentication), which is saved in the http client as cookie,
         but can afterwards be evaluated as $ewiki_author, so the according
         field in the database entries contains a bit more than just
         the IP address when a changed page gets saved.
        


markup plugins
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The ewiki rendering core is rather fast and consolidated, that was the goal.
However if you ever happen to need more functionality, this can be added
easily by the use of plugins.

Several are already available to emulate the WikiMarkup of other commonly
used WikiWare.



         Other WikiWares markup
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         The WikiWorld still lacks a unified markup (and thus also the
         interchangeablity that made html THE standard it today is), and
         while ewiki usues nearly MeatBall:WikiMarkupStandard, you may want
         to reuse existing pages from another Wiki.

         Currently we provide emulation for:
         * PhpWiki
         * sfWiki
         * miki
         * bbcode (BulletinBoard, not a Wiki)

         But please see the individual files on which (additional) markup
         they introduce.

         These plugins on occasion only register their markup within
         $ewiki_config["wm_*"] settings, but often just perfrom
         pre-conversion of foreign markup by utilizing the ["format_src"]
         plugin hook (they then pre-convert page content to use ewiki
         markup rules before the ewiki_format() kernel performs
         transformation).



         plugins/markup/css
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         CSS markup allows you to assign visual styles (or semantic CSS
         class names) to a block of text (paragraph) or to pieces of text.
         @@ is used to start a styled area. The @@ must be immediately
         followed by either a CSS class name (without the dot) or with
         CSS instructions without any whitespaces.
         The following text (after the @@, the class name and a space) will
         then be assigned the class until a (possible) next @@ without
         attached classname or style definition.

         If the @@ occurs at the start of a paragraph it will enclose it
         in a <div> with the according style assignment, otherwise (in the
         text) a @@ will become a <span>.

         See also the explanation and examples in this plugins` comments.



         plugins/markup/css_singleat
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin allows you (like the markup_css plugin) to attach CSS
         classes to a paragraph of text with just a single @ character:

         @JAVADOCLIKE  paragraphs text...
         ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ...



         plugins/markup/footnotes
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Introduces the ability to generate footnotes by placing an
         explanation into double curly brackets {{footnote text}}.

         You should activate this only if you really need it. Sometimes this
         may be useful, but it is rather bad wiki style; because if someone
         would like to explain something in more detail he should create a
         WikiLink to a new page.  So this should be used for very short
         explanations, say incomplete sentences or a book reference and
         other things where it really seems bloat to create a new page.

         USE THIS RARELY or better not at all!
         (this is a feature copied from MS` EvilWiki)



         plugins/markup/asciitbl
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to use ASCII-Art tables as outputed by lynx and other
         console programs inside of WikiPages, which eases life, when
         dealing with multiline table cell content.



         plugins/markup_complextbl
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         ewiki allows you to use tables with the || | characters in the wiki
         page source. However the html code for the table layout is
         hardcoded and cannot be changed on a per-page basis.
         This plugin intercepts the wiki source formation process to allow
         you to specify html tag attributes inside a table definition like:

         |{ border=0 cellspacing=10}  here is  | the table | content |
         | 2nd line | 2nd line |{ rowspan=2}  fills two table rows |
         |{ colspan=2}  3rd line |

         Note, the opening "{" must follow the "|" character immediately.

         This code was provided by Hans B Pufal.

         It may be a security risk to include it per default, as this allows
         to add SomethingScript references as well.



         plugins/markup/htmltbl
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Provides a block escape to use the standard html <table> code
         instead of the limited pipe syntax provided by ewiki. It will parse
         for <tr> and <td> tags and strip any not registered attributes to
         defend against harm that could be caused by EvilScript additions.

         The common html <table> syntax then allows easily to include
         multiline table cell content, which is nearly impossible (to edit)
         for the "|...|..|" table syntax.



         plugins/markup_rescuehtml
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to use some 'safe' HTML tags within the WikiPage. This
         plugin replaces the previous EWIKI_RESCUE_HTML constant.

         Note that those 'safe' HTML tags may also lead to some confusion,
         especially if you have a wiki about HTML, because then you cannot
         write text about the <STRONG> tag because it will actually always
         be interpolated as itself and not as the text string "<STRONG>".



         plugins/contrib/rendering_phpwiki12
         -----------------------------------
         This is the rendering kernel of PhpWiki 1.2 which was made compatible
         with the ewiki function set.
         It may be useful to reuse old WikiPages, but anyhow most of its
         features are supported by the standard ewiki rendering kernel, so
         this is just a fun and proof-of-concept plugin.
         ..................................................................
         : The code of this module is covered by the GPL license, as it   :
         : was copied verbatim from the PhpWiki project.                  :
         ··································································



         plugins/rendering_null
         ----------------------
         If someone would like to use ewiki for a personal homepage, but
         prefers HTML over WikiSyntax, then this rendering core replacement
         may suit his needs. It allows HTML to be used, but still renders
         WikiWords into valid hyperlinks (a few other features from the
         original ewiki_format function are also supported, but you can
         strip even those).



mpi
¯¯¯
The so called "mpi" plugins can be embedded into pages, and produce their
output there. They are loaded on demand (only if it appears that they should
be invoked), but it is possible to include() the individual files regardless
if they would be used or not.

In order to have the mpi plugins available, you must however first load the
mpi dispatcher:
   include("plugins/mpi/mpi.php");
Which then takes care of the markup and loading of the requested plugins.

The syntax for calling a mpi plugin is (write this inside of a WikiPage,
when editing it):

   <?plugin PluginName  arg="..."  arg2=DDD ?>

Where args are often optional or could even be written without the 'argname='
if only one was required. The name of the mpi plugin is case-insensitive
here.

It is often possible to invoke mpi plugins like ["page"] plugins, if you
create a link inside of the page using the syntax <?plugin-link PluginName ?>



         mpi_backlinks
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Prints a list of BackLinks to the current page (the same as when
         clicking on the title of a page or on the BackLinks action link).
         <?plugin BackLinks ?>
         <?plugin BackLinks page=ForThatPage ?>



         mpi_multimedia
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to <embed> multimedia files into a page.



         mpi_syndicate
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Embeds remote RSS feeds (abbrv. for "ReallySimpleSyndication" or
         "RichSiteSummary") into the current page. It caches the fetched
         data for quite some time in a pre-parsed _BINARY database entry.



         mpi_insert
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to insert another readily rendered WikiPage into the current
         one, usually inside of a <table border="1">.



         mpi_localsitemap
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Is a mix of BackLinks and LinkTree features, and prints the tree of
         pages backreferencing to the current one.



visual extensions
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The hook following plugins utilize is called "append-view". It allows to put
content below a pages contents (after the action links).



         plugins/aview/backlinks
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Adds the list of BackLinks (references from others to the current
         page) to the current page below it (this list is also available,
         when a user clicks on the title of a page).



         plugins/aview/linktree
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Prints the possible (shortest) paths to the FrontPage (determined
         by the EWIKI_PAGE_INDEX constant) starting from the current one
         below. Calculations and database access required by this plugin
         often means a slowdown up to 2 seconds before the page is readily
         rendered.



         plugins/aview/toc
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Analyzes a pages headlines and generates a list of contents box
         from it, which is inserted as float box on top of it then. Use the
         following CSS selector to style it:

            .wiki .page-toc { 
               ...
            }



         plugins/aview/posts
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to add separate comment pages, which will then always be
         displayed below the current one, but remain editable as standalone
         pages. (So the page they are appended to could be marked as
         _READONLY).

        

         plugins/aview/threads
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to group the pages created using the "posts" plugin into
         threads.



         plugins/aview/subpages
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Adds the list of pages, which appear to be SubPages of the current
         one, below it.



         plugins/aview/downloads
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Shows the uploaded files, which appear to belong to the current
         page (individual pages can be treated as upload sections).



         plugins/aview/imgappend
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Prints an image uploading box below every page, which allows to
         append an image without prior clicking EditThisPage (the image
         will be automatically appended to the bottom of the page).



         plugins/aview/piclogocntrl
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin allows users to select a logo graphic which will be
         made available for use in the site template as
         $ewiki_config["page_logo"]. Configureable through the internal
         image list array.



         plugins/aview/aedit_pageimage
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin allows users to select a page image graphic, and is a
         mix of the aview/piclogocntrl and page/imagegallery plugins.
         


         plugins/aview/control2
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Shows examplarily how to replace the standard "action-links" box,
         and adds it on top of the page (including the page title).



         plugins/aview/aedit_authorname
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Adds a text <input> field below the edit/ box, which allows to
         set the AuthorName which then will get stored, when the page is
         saved. This name is then also stored client-side as cookie for
         at least 45 minutes.

         Before using this plugin, you must consider, that it eventually
         allows to override the correct username that ProtectedMode plugins
         already provided. And there is no way to prevent users from using
         faked names (because this plugin cannot check if a username was
         already 'registered' and thus can't initiate a password query).



         plugins/aview/aedit_deletebutton.js
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Adds a JavsScript snippet to allow users to quickly mark a page
         for deleterequest, by inserting the link to "DeleteMe" into the
         contents, when editing it.



page filters
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
A few plugin hooks exist to completely rework generate page output. These
are often used to insert content into the otherwise readily rendered .html
pages (some of the above aview plugins do so, too).



         plugins/filter/f_fixhtml
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Is a minimal tag balancer (a highly simplified HTML tidy) and can
         work around various html code problems that the ewiki_format()
         html rendering function has. It is for example specialized to
         correct broken html that resulted from WikiMarkupAbuse as for
         example nesting text style attributes like this:  __''text__''



         plugins/filter/search_highlight
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Evaluates the Referer header sent by many browsers to detect if
         a visitor came from a search engine (even the internal PowerSearch
         or SearchPages ones) and highlights the searched words in the
         current pages body (using CSS).



         plugins/filter/fun_chef
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Borg, Borg, Borg!



         plugins/filter/fun_upsidedown
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Transforms a pages content using letter transformation to make
         them readibly from upside down with certain fonts. This however
         is a bit tricky for html pages and thus will always wrongly
         intermix sentence order.



         plugins/filter/fun_wella
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Adds a little CSS to make text swirrling on both sides.



         plugins/filter/fun_screamomatic
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Detects if someone entered a FULL LINE OF YELLING into a page
         when editing it, and then sets a persistent cookie. That cookie
         will result in all pages contents to be converted into uppercase
         characters.



         plugins/filter/f_msiepng
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Converts .png <img> references in the WhateverX code required by
         all current IE versions to display .png images according to the 
         specification (which currently only an IE external plugin can handle
         correctly).



BloatWiki extensions
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
ewiki slowly evolves into a well-bloated portal software, and some plugins
already extend it far beyond the scope of an ordinary Wiki.



         plugins/module/calendar
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         The calendar plugin enables you to add an editable calendar to
         every WikiPage. It is not a fully integral part of ewiki, and needs
         additional calls from yoursite.php to integrate nicely into your
         sites layout.

         You even don't need to allow a calendar to be added to every page,
         you can just include the plugin file and use the _one_ page called
         "Calendar" or "YearCalendar", where everybody can make additions.

         The coolest about this plugin is, that it nicely integrates into
         the common WikiNameSpace.

         Just include("plugins/calendar.php"); so it gets available.
         In yoursite.php integrate it as follows:

         <?php
             ...

             echo ewiki_page();    // print current pages content, as usual

             ...

             if (  calendar_exists()  )
             {
                ...
                echo calendar();      // print calendar for current page
             }
             else {
                ...                   // else only a link to the cal. page
                echo "<a href=\"?id=calendar/$ewiki_id\">ShowCalendar</a>";
             }

         ?>

         The calendar() function call emits the html for the calendar of the
         currently viewed page (see ewiki_page() call).

         The function calendar_exists() only checks for already existing
         event entries in the calendar, so the calendar won't show up, if
         there isn't yet anything inside (so only the "ShowCalendar" link at
         the bottom of the page will link to the still empty calendar). You
         can of course leave out this function call or alternatively call
         it with calendar_exists($always=true) if you want the calendar to
         appear most of the time / or for all pages.

         Please note the "fragments/calendar.css" file, which illustrates
         how to tweak layout and look of the generated calendars.

         This plugin was contributed by Carsten Senf (originally
         implemented for good old PhpWiki).



         plugins/module/downloads
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         From the very beginning the ewiki core supported uploading image
         files into the database. As time and discussions went on, there
         came the idea to allow arbitrary binary files to be inserted too.

         The old EWIKI_ALLOW_BINARY way should now be avoided, because the
         download plugin adds more functionality and more features, and is
         easier and more intuitive to use.

         It adds the virtual page FileUpload to insert a file into the
         database, and the page FileDownload, which lists all available and
         uploaded binary files from the db.

         Please note, that due to the use of the database interface, the
         file sizes are usually limited to 1-2M (depending on PHP and MySQL
         settings), so there may still be some need to reimplement this,
         using the antique world-writable incoming/ directory method.

         The mime_magic plugin should be used together with this one, and
         you should change the icon file names (use the ones from the Apache
         distribution for example).

         (It may also be a good idea to run a secondary database if you
          use it. Have a look at fragments/binary.php, and set up a
          secondary ewiki database using it and the db_flat_files plugin.
          This is useful, because you then can more easily delete uploaded
          files as they don't get saved into a SQL database.)

         Different download sections can be defined. The "*" merges all
         allowed sections into one list again, and the "**" section even
         lists the files attached to pages.

         The page attachment link (to append download functionality to each
         page) can be revoked by unsetting the $ewiki_plugins["action"]
         line in the downloads.php file; so only the default sections are
         accepted (and page names rejected).

         The plugins/downloads_view.php brings up the list of uploaded
         attachments below each page (if existing). It works rather fast
         due to an improved database search call, and should therefore be
         activated whenever you use the per-page attachments feature.

         See also plugins/binary_store.php to keep your SQL database small,
         but note its limitations.



         plugins/module/tour
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Provides a shortened view of the current page and all linked ones
         (even the backlinked ones). This eases navigation and page content
         "scanning" (getting a quick overview).




utility code
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The plugins/lib/ directory contains code and functionality, which often is
required by some of the other plugins (they depend on it then), but which
was too specialized to get part of the ewiki.php core script.

Other extensions in the lib/ subdir didn't match in any of the other plugin
categories.



         plugins/lib/cache
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This plugin stores readily rendered Wiki page content (already in
         html format) either into a dedicated directory, or into specially
         named _BINARY wiki database entries. This then allows to satisfy
         further requests to a page with the saved content.

         You should set EWIKI_CACHE_DIR to a useful value (a so called
         "chmod 777" directory, so your webserver process can write into it),
         or alternatively unset this constant and instead define
         EWIKI_CACHE_DB so cache entries get stored into the ewiki database.
         The _CACHE_DB constant is just prepended to the name of the current
         page to get the name for the database entry for the cache data.



         plugins/lib/speed
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Evaluates the "conditional HTTP request headers" to tell a client
         if it could reuse its existing cache entry for a requested page.
         This is believed to reduce traffic and also speed up some
         applications. However it is still rather untested and could anyhow
         lead to some problems (never updating pages for some broken
         browsers). The evaluated headers include "If-Unmodified-Since:"
         which corresponds to the "Last-Modified:" answer header ewiki
         always sends.

         However this will only work, if you disable EWIKI_NOCACHE - but
         then some browsers will never see updated pages, if they were 
         misconfigured to not refetch pages, once they got into the internal
         browser cache. (But on the other hand, that is users fault ;)



         plugins/lib/mime_magic
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Implements the mime_magic feature absent from some (older and
         misconfigured current) PHP interpreter versions (check your phpinfo
         and /etc/mime.types).

         This is recommended in conjunction with the downloads plugin to
         store correct mime type data, for proper use of icons beside
         download links. Also the correct Content-Type header should always
         be available, when binary content is delivered.
         ..................................................................
         : The data of this plugin is covered by the GNU General Public   :
         : License.  :
         ··································································



         plugins/lib/navbar
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Provides a configureable menu for the contents of your Wiki for
         inclusion in your site template, which changes depending on which
         site area you're currently inside (determined partially by
         the linktree plugin).
   


         plugins/lib/protmode
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Is an extension package (currently in development) with various
         helper functions for ProtectedMode plugins. Especailly useful in
         conjunction with the auth-liveuser framework.



         plugins/lib/save_storevars
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         An example script on how to store additional vars into page entries
         of the ewiki database (session like).



admin/ plugins
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Collects plugins for ewiki / database administration. Often these depend
upon $ewiki_ring==0 (superuser authentication level in EWIKI_PROTECTED_MODE),
otherwise refuse to work for security reasons (some functions are however
available to moderators too, ring level 1).

Some of these plugins may be reimplementation of stuff from the tools/
directory (integrated database tools).



         control
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows changing per-page settings, and adds a easily accessible
         "page control" action link below every page.

         You can use this to immediately change per-page flags (_READONLY,
         _HTML, _DISABLED and so on). Or you can delete a unwanted page as
         soon as you discover it.
         It also enables you to edit any entries in the {meta} field of
         database entries (which sometimes contain HTTP headers, or page
         "class" settings).
         And the fourth possible action is to easily rename the page (with
         letting ewiki adjust all links to it without further intervention).



         SearchAndReplace
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Is a powerful text/content replacement tool. It features regular
         expression matching, but can also be used as any other simple string
         replace-all tool.


         SearchCache
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This tool is intended to create 'shadow pages' (or 'ghost pages')
         for ewiki internal/generated pages (the ["page"] plugins), which
         usually weren't found by the PageSearch and PowerSearch.  This
         admin plugin just innovocates those page plugins and puts their
         html output into the database (which then can is found by the
         search functions, but is never displayed, because the page plugins
         still have precedence over that faked database content).



other plugins
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
These plugins actually implement some stuff, one usually should do inside
of the yoursite.php ewiki wrapper script.



         plugins/debug/
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Eventually contains debug plugins.



         plugins/auth/
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Contains various (example and ready to use) plugins for the
         ewiki_auth() interfaces. This directory contains its own
         README.auth, which describes the _PROTECTED_MODE, the _auth API and
         available sample plugins in detail.



         plugins/auth-liveuser/
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Contains the more advanced authentication and permission plugin
         bundle for chaining ewiki with the PEAR LiveUser authentication
         framework. There is detailed documentation within the README in
         this subdirectory.



separate "extra" tarball
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
There are a few plugins and extensions, which are not packaged into the
distributed ewiki tarball for size reasons. You can obtain it from your
favourite dealer, or from our downloads/ directory as "extra-CVS-*"
tarball.
   http://erfurtwiki.sourceforge.net/downloads/

The package currently just contains a minimal spam filter (which after all
isn't very useful for a Wiki site), but in the future will also provide
additional example/ layouts and some image/graphics/icons for layout
beatification purposes.








  -------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 --





More separate files
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
Even if one of the project goals was to have everything in one script, 
there are now some support scripts around it, but those are normally
only required for setup (init-pages for example). With some others you
need to take a lot of care before installing on a public WebServer
(the tools/ for example).



Pages in init-pages/
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
This directory just contains text-files with the wiki_source of the
initial pages, which are inserted if you start ewiki.php for the
first time.
You can create these files with the tools/ewiki_backup.php script
or the 'ewikictl' commandline utility.



Additional tools/
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
This directory holds some (external) add-ons, which are intended to
supply "admin functions" for the ewiki database.
It is strongly discouraged to integrate this with ewiki, as it could
be dangerous to have them always around and usually such stuff just
complicates things (wiki's should be easy to use).

Per default you will be presented a HTTP Basic AUTH login dialog box
by your browser if you try to use one of the www tools. This is made
to prevent other people from doing any harm to the setup.
In the "tools/t_config.php" script you'll see a link (include) to
"fragments/funcs/auth.php", which is responsible for this integrated
security feature. Just insert a username and a password here to start
using one of the tools/.
Please keep in mind, that the $passwords array of that ".../auth.php"
script has nothing to do with the _auth API or EWIKI_PROTECTED_MODE.

Because the www tools (all stuff named "t_*.php") use the "ewiki.php"
script and the sample "config.php", you eventually need to configure
these tools separately (they don't need any ewiki plugins, but the
database ones, if necessary). So if there are problems (for example
if your ewiki setup is configured with ewiki_auth, which then could
overlap with the ".../auth.php" script), you may need to edit the www
tools own "t_config.php" accordingly. (Note: This is not required for
the default setup.)

If you'd like to integrate the tools/ as virtual pages into ewiki, then
the StaticPages plugin will help. You then needed to remove the line
that tries to re-include() your config.php and ewiki.php from the tools/
"t_config.php" script (else you'll break ewiki).
To load your tools/ as static pages into the wiki, you then just needed
a call to ewiki_init_spages() with the "./tools/" directory as parameter.



         tools/t_flags
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         WikiPages usually have the page flag TEXT assigned. Other possible
         flags are DISABLED, SYSTEM, BINARY or HTML, READONLY, WRITEABLE.
         Usually page flags are copied from one page version to the next.

         

         tools/t_backup
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Use this to make backup files from the WikiPages. This www script
         is a wrapper around the ewikictl commandline utility and library,
         and therefore supports almost the same options.



         tools/t_restore
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to reinsert the files generated with the backup utility into
         the database. It is also a www wrapper around ewikictl and thus
         also supports the "plain", "flat" and "fast" file formats.



         tools/t_remove
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Use this to delete a page from the database (including all saved
         versions).
         You should always prefer to set a page DISABLED with the ewiki_flags
         tool to hide unwanted content. -- make love() not unlink()



         tools/t_holes
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         If pages are edited often / regularly you will soon get hundreds of
         saved page versions. As this slows down (particularly the
         db_flat_file ones) and enlarges the database content size, you may
         want to strip old versions.

         This tool suggests you to remove a few page versions. You should
         however NOT DELETE the page VERSION ONE and the very last (newest)
         page version (of course).
         The page version 1 often contains control data, not found in newer
         versions, when db_flat_files or db_dba is used, so please keep
         aware of this.

         There were some changes necessary in db_flat_files to support
         those "version holes", but it currently seems to work stable.


         tools/t_textinsert
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Can insert plain text files into the database. This is much the
         same, what usually happens to the files inside init-pages/



         tools/t_transfer
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Allows to download all pages in one big "binary" file, and to
         reinsert it on the same way. This allows for quick moving of
         the whole database content.



         tools/t_revert
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Can undo mass changes caused by a script attack (specifically
         designed to spam or corrupt a Wiki) or someone who put enourmous
         energy into garbaging multiple pages. The {auther} field always
         contains at least an IP address to allow easy tracking of such
         activity, and this plugin just enables you to remove page versions
         whose {author} field matches a certain string (the attackers IP
         address).



         tools/ewikictl
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         ewikictl is a commandline based utility - as opposed to the
         www/http based scripts mentioned above.
         UNIX people will find it very useful and handy, while it is
         believed to work on Win32 systems too.

         It integrates a lot functionality of the web based tools/, some
         of them less flexible and others more powerful than in the
         other tools. It, for example, allows to generate database backups
         automatically and is often easier to use. On the other hand it
         will be of little use if you don't have a shell account on the
         WebServer running your wiki (because most times one cannot make
         remote mysql server connections).

         The most important feature is to make backups using the 
         --backup switch:

             All pages from the database will be saved into backup files
             in the directory given by --dest (or if not given into
             './backup-<currentdate>').

             The --format of the backup files can be: plain, fast, flat
             or xml, meta, xmlmeta, sql, mysql. But remember that only
             the first three mentioned formats can be reinserted using the
             ewikictl utility.

             You really should give the --all parameter too, whenever you
             make a backup, because else only the very last version of each
             page will get saved (and think of a garbaged last version, this
             would be a bad idea). So USE --all ALLWAYS!

         Backups can be reread into the database using the 
         --insert switch:

             The --dest or --source parameter says where to search for the
             save page files, and the --format option again tells the
             correct backup format (you will get a garbaged database if you
             get it wrong).

             The --all option is of course necessary again if you gave it
             when doing the --backup, and ewikictl will complain if it
             believes the --all option was required.

             You can also use --insert to initially fill a database, or to
             add just a few new pages, as pages inside the database will
             never be overwritten by the ones added with --insert.

             The --insert switch also allows to be used to load just one
             file into the database.  --insert <WikiPageFileName>

         Another function is to speed up the database, by creating version
         --holes:

             If you utilize the db_flat_files and you have hundreds of
             versions for one page, things may get slow at some point of
             time, so you may wish to remove some of the unneeded versions.
             That is what the --holes is for, it strips some of the page
             versions from the database. Please keep in mind, that the
             very first version of each page may contain special control
             data, which is not available in the following ones (this is
             especially true for db_flat_files).

             Per default the 2nd version of a page until the 10th before
             the last page version will be removed. You can however specify
             this range yourself:
                 --holes 2..-10       (default)
                 --holes 5..-5        (5th until 5th before last version)

             Please also keep some versions at the end, as the very last
             one may contain mangled text (if someone backspaced around).

             The --all option is implied for --holes, but you can and you
             should combine --holes also with --backup. This special
             feature will save a backup into the --dest directory ('./holes'
             per default) before the page version is removed from the
             database.

         --format
             The default backup/insert format is the 'plain' one - which
             means just a pages content will be saved into the files.

             It is however recommended to use the "--format flat"  or
             "--format fast" instead, as both can contain the complete meta
             data of a page.             

         --ls
             Will print a directory-listing like list of all pages from
             the database.
             You can add a pagename as parameter, so only that one will
             get shown.

         --reset <pagename>
         --disable <pagename>
         --enable <pagename>
         --html <pagename>
         --readonly <pagename>
         --writeable <pagename>
             Will set the according page flags for the given page. You can
             give the page name also by using the --page or --file or --id
             switch.

         --chmod <flags>
             Will set the page flags to the given decimal value. The
             pagename must be given using --page, --file or --id. This
             option of course requires knowledge of the flag/option values
             and their numeric/decimal representations.

         --unlink <filepattern>
             Can be used to delete a page. You can use the asterisk to
             remove more than one page, just an '*' would for example delete
             all pages.


         NOTE that you can also use this utility without a shell account on
         your WebServer, if you create temporary .php wrapper scripts, that
         contain nothing more than:
         <pre><?php  echo `./tools/ewikictl -ll`;  ?></pre>

         Please search google or freshmeat.net for one of those shell faking
         CGI scripts, to ease this, so can get the most out of ewikictl.



         tools/wiki2html
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Renders the WikiPages and saves the resulting <HTML> bodies into
         files. It currently cannot deal with images and binary content
         correctly.



         tools/mkhuge
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         For lazy people - if for some reason your text editor does not
         allow to enter the correct include() commands for the files from
         the plugins/ directory you may find this shell script useful to
         create a monster version of ewiki (plugins and core script merged
         together into one file).
         See the paragraph about "monsterwiki.php" for more detailed infos.



         tools/mkpluginmap
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Is the companion tool for the new ewiki pluginloader extension. It
         traverses the plugins/ directories and generates a list which
         allows automatical loading of ["page"] and ["action"] plugins.

         Use the output of this script to replace the list of available
         plugins inside of the "pluginloader.php" script. But don't forget
         to disable that extensions, that you wouldn't like to be available.



         tools/mkpageplugin
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Can convert any StaticPage file (from the spages/ directory) into 
         a standard ewiki page plugin (to get included() like all the others
         then). It detects automatically the type of the given StaticPage
         input files - Wiki source (.txt), ready HTML content, or even PHP
         code.
         It's intended as help for the unexperienced PHP user, or if you
         needed to mass convert StaticPage files into plugins. But please
         note, that including() hundreds of page plugins slows down the PHP
         interpreter and eats a large amount of memory (and this was the
         reason for extracting some page plugins into StaticPages).



examples/
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
The file "examples-1.php" is the default layout, which you will see, when
you first run ewiki. The examples/ subdirectories now holds further example
'ewiki wrappers' or 'layout scripts' (commonly referred to as "yoursite.php"
scripts in the README).

There is not much further interesting stuff in here. If you can make a
contribution, just do (however, in the ewiki core tarball, we don't want
an image or graphics directory).



         examples/homepage.php
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This is an example on how to use ewiki.php with an authentication
         frontend. Note that this is not the recommended way to use a wiki
         (adding authentication can be considered "crippling" a wiki).

         "Authentication" means just a JavaScript based password query
         dialogue (the password is however checked server-side inside the
         homepage.src script).

         You should install it preferably as index.php as described on top
         of the file, the ewiki.php script must be there too. Edit the source
         and colours to suit your needs. Guess, it needs some images as well.



Nice things in fragments/
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
This directory holds some files to integrate ewiki.php within some
other web projects (for example PhpNuke) or some helper and extension
code, or just other example layouts.

Please have a look at the fragments/README - and as usual into the
files itself!!



         strip_wonderful_slashes.php
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         If you have a PHP 4.1 or a provider using the annoying factory-default
         settings of such a version, you may find this tiny script helpful.
         It removes the just-for-security-reasons-added-backslashes from the
         $_REQUEST variables. I wasn't very interested in adding hundreds of
         stripslashes() calls inside ewiki.php, so this is the workaround for
         __your__ providers broken php.ini



         fragments/funcs/wiki_format.inc
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         This php include() file contains just the reduced wiki_format() function,
         the code to generate internal WikiLinks and the binary data stuff has
         been removed.
         It is best suited to allow rendering of WikiSource with other php projects.

         The script was contributed by Frank Luithle.



         404finder.php
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Simple example on how to use "ErrorDocumet 404" rediriction to
         activate the ewiki page search function automatically, which is the
         poor mans mod_rewrite.



         htaccess
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         To make a Wiki installation look more profession you should try to
         use your Webservers mod_rewrite module to get nicer looking URLs.
         This file is an example to be installed as ".htaccess" (Web server
         per-directory configuration file), which allows to call your ewiki
         wrapper using URLs like:

            http://www.example.de/wiki/SomePage
            http://www.example.de/wiki/edit/OneOfThePages

         (For this example, you needed to set EWIKI_SCRIPT to "/wiki/").
         This example '.htaccess' script shows how to instruct mod_rewrite
         to catch above URLs and to transform them into ".../index.php?id=Page"
         again before calling the script.



         binary.php
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         If your ewiki wrapper script is not binary safe (that is, eventually
         printing some <html> or text output to stdout before you include()
         the core ewiki script and called the ewiki_page() function) - then
         you may need to place a secondary ewiki wrapper besides the one
         dedicated to pages.
         The "fragments/binary.php" gives an example and further instructions
         on this issue.



         fragments/funcs/auth.php
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Include this script wherever you need authentication. It uses the HTTP
         Basic Authentication scheme, but the passwords are inside the script
         in the $passwords array (so no need for .htpasswd setup).

         Note that this script needs to be called before any body output is made
         (else it would be too late for http header() output).



         fragments/css/*
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Please understand the *.css as examples that illustrate which style classes
         are defined inside ewiki.php and its companion plugins.

         Remember, you could insert those files with PHPs` include(), too - if
         desired (and if a <style> area is currently to be written to stdout).



         fragments/blocks/*
         ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
         Contains small include() scripts to be loaded into "yoursite.php"
         as "sidebars" and the like for beatification purposes.
         Oftens these are reduced but useful ["page"] or ["action"] plugins,
         performing common tasks, like printing the list of newest pages or
         some sort of menu, or even random page links.



Other patches/
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
In the patches/ directory some code tweaking tips are collected that are
either not worth a new plugin or to uncommon and unsafe and unsupported to
get into fragments/ or plugins/. Please see the README and the files therein
for more informations.

I often like to refer to that subdir as the "recoding FAQ".



Updates + How to deal with tweaked code
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If you ever happen to recode parts of a plugin, WHICH WE STRONGLY ENCOURAGE
TO DO (to match it better to your needs) - then there is always the risk of
losing your changes as soon as you upgrade and overwrite everything inside
of plugins/
Therefore it is recommended to create a subdirectory like "local/" where
you copy changed plugins into, then include() them from there instead of
the distributed default from plugins/. So you won't lose your changes and
enhancements if you upgrade to a newer version. You of course should then
check (after updates) if the newer version of a plugin contained
enhancements you'd like to merge with your cutomized version of the earlier
plugin incarnation.

For the main "ewiki.php" script, things are of course more difficult, as
you will probably always overwrite it when you update your installation.
Best approach is to keep a NOTES file, where you store your patches for
later reinclusion with newer releases, or even to keep always a second
copy of your tweaked "ewiki.php". Much better was of course to send your
changes to the ewiki -dev people so they could merge them into the CVS,
so everybody could enjoy your ideas.






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Extension HowTo
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Best way to extend it is to read the man page on vi or emacs ;-> However
the tool that made this all possible was joe.



the PlugInterface
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The $ewiki_plugins array holds an array of "task names" connected to
function names (that of course should do something senseful). As an
example:

  $ewiki_plugins["image_resize"][0] = "ewiki_binary_image_resize_gd";

connects the task name "image_resize" to function already inside ewiki.php,
and the task "image_resize" will be called for every uploaded or to be
cached image. The function name here does not say anything about the
parameters the function will be called with later. You have to look up
the original function implementation in ewiki.php to see which parameters
will be passed; so you could write your own task plugin.

The [0] in the example above shows that this is the very first registered
function for the task "image_resize", there could be others as well. So
if you write a plugin you should take care to add your function name using
$ewiki_plugins["task"][] = "my_func" so you won't overwrite a previous
function name ''registration''.
There are of course tasks like ["database"] where only one of the plugin
functions will be called, in this case you should of course overwrite [0].

Two special case "tasks" are ["page"] and ["action"], because they aren't
counted with numerical indices, but instead carry WikiPageNames or
other idf strings as array/hash index.



plugin tasks
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Here's a short summary of current PlugInterface "tasks" and (recommended)
function interface definitions (the "= function (..." lines). A plugin hook
with [] means there can be multiple, and each one would be tried.

basic
-----

  ["page"][$PageName]   - called for requests to page "$PageName"
                          (like "SearchPage", "NewestPages")
                        = function ( $id, $data, $action )

  ["action"][$ACTION]   - called for requests with url "?id=$ACTION/pagename"
                          (core actions are "edit", "links", "info", "view")
                        = function ( $id, &$data, $action )

  ["handler"][]         - called from ewiki_page() on start-up, if it returns
                          a string the page was handled and no further
                          processing takes place, the plugins output is used
                        = function ( $id, &$data, $action )

rendering
---------

  ["render"][0]         - alias for ewiki_format() - our "WikiKernel"

  ["format_source"][]   - called inside the format function for the wiki
                          source, implement this or the following ones to
                          use complex wiki markup
                        = function ( &$wiki_source )

  ["format_line"][]     - generic call from inside wiki format engine
                          for every line, you may need to use static
                          vars inside your plugin function
                        = function ( &$o, &$line, &$post )

  ["format_tbl"][0]     - called to handle "wiki|table|markup"
                          (the first and last | are already stripped)
                        = function ( &$o, &$line, &$post, $tbl_open=0 )

  ["format_final"][]    - call after wiki source was transformed into html
                          (WikiPageLinks were already interpolated too)
                        = function ( &$html )

  ["format_block"][]    - called, with the page fragment extracted using
                          the string patterns of the according
                          $ewiki_config["format_block"] entry
                        = function (&$currbuf, &$in, &$iii, &$s, $btype);

  ["format_para"][]     - called, if the $para (text enclosed in <p></p>)
                          is to be written into the output stream $ooo[$in][0]
                        = function (&$para, &$ooo, &$s);

  ["link_url"][]        - called to transform wiki source references
                        = function ( $href, $title )

  ["link_final"][]      - called from ewiki_link_regex_callback to transform
                          the final <a href>
                        = function ( &$str,, $type, $href, $title )

special tasks
-------------

  ["database"][0]       - only [0] will be called in favour of the ewiki.php
                          internal ewiki_database_mysql()
                        = function ( $action, $args=array() )

  ["image_resize"][]    - all [] registered functions will be invoked
                        = function ( &$content, &$mime, $return=0 )

  ["mime_magic"][0]     - hooks before save_binary/image to fetch the
                          correct mime type for non-image files; nowadays
                          just an always-available get_content_type()
                        = function ( &$content )

  ["binary_get"][0]     - the binary_repository handles large/binary content
                          (to separate it out of the standard sql-database),
                          usually just sending it to stdout
                        = function ( $id, $meta )

page lists
----------

  ["list_pages"][0]     - <li>st generating callback function
                        = function ( $lines )

  ["list_dict"][0]      - special variant of the above one (called just for /
                          from within PageIndex and WordIndex listings)
                        = ???

  ["list_transform"][]  - works on the given list of links (text transformations)
                        = function ( &$lines )

  ["make_title"][0]     - allows to chain a replacement function for
                          ewiki_make_title()
                        = function ($title, $class, $action, $go_action, $may_split)

  ["title_transform"]   - changing the currently linked title (called from
                          within _make_title)
                        = function ($id, &$title, &$go_action)

page transform / additions
--------------------------

  ["view_append"][]     - output will be printed below a rendered page
                        = function ( $id, $data, $action )

  ["view_final"][]      - can rework the full html of the rendered page
                        = function ( &$html, $id, $data, $action )

  ["view_append"][]     - add <html> code at the end of the currently
                          viewed page
                        = function ($id, $data, $action)

  ["view_final"][]      - filter hook for final processing of "view/"ed pages
                        = function ($o, $id, $data, $action)

  ["page_final"][]      - filter hook for final processing of any
                          shown page (any action: edit/, view/, info/, ...)
                        = function ($o, $id, $data, $action)

edit/ hooks
-----------

  ["edit_preview"][]    - called if edit pages [preview] button pressed
                        = function ( $data )

  ["edit_form_final"][] - add <html>/<form>s to the edit/ page
                        = function (&$o, $id, &$data, $action)

  ["edit_form_append"][] - insert other <input> fields between <textarea>
                          and <submit> button on the edit/ page
                        = function ($id, &$data, $action)

  ["edit_hook"][]       - chains into before the edit box is printed
                          (to allow security checks, pre-edit-tweaking, ...)
                          any output terminates the current edit/ attemp
                        = function (&$id, &$data, &$hidden_postdata)

  ["edit_save"][]       - immediately called before saving the currently
                          "edit/"ed page into the database, allows last
                          transformations or rejection (unsetting $data)
                        = function (&$data, &$old_data)

  ["edit_patch"][0]     - special hook for the patchsaving plugin
                        = function ($id, &$data)

bloat extensions 
----------------

  ["auth_*"][]          - plugin tasks used with ewiki_auth()
                        = see the plugins/auth/README.auth

  ["mpi"][...]          - markup plugins, see next paragraph

  ["init"][]            - run once, when the main script is included()

  ["page_init"][...]    - init functions, called when ewiki_page()
                          is called the very first time

aliases and variants
--------------------

  ["action_always"][$ACTION]   - are called with precedence over ["page"]
                                 plugins (for example "links" which also
                                 works for registered page plugins)

  ["action_binary"][$ACTION]   - action/admin plugins which do not care, if
                                 the current page actually is binary data


Some other entries have been re-extracted into $ewiki_config, because they
were falsely in $ewiki_plugins. See the paragraph at the start of the README
on the $ewiki_config array.

This list will probably not stay up-to-date, so please grep the ewiki.php
script for all occurrences of 'ewiki_plugins["', and you can of course
invent some new and tell the author how it helped you to implement something
very different.



        mpi plugins
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        Plugins of the class "mpi" extend the wiki markup with html like
        calls to dynamic content generating functions.  They were taken from
        the ewiki adaption of Hans B Pufal and are very similar to the
        plugins found in PhpWiki.

        In order to use them you must first load their generic PlugInterface
        file using include("plugins/mpi.php");

        Afterwards you could include all the wanted mpi extension modules,
        using include() again:
        include("plugins/mpi_calendar.php")

        You can then call those plugins from the wiki markup like:
        <plugin: calendar>
        <ewiki: calendar>
        <mpi: calendar>
        <?plugin calendar?>

        There are many different plugins available (not all included with
        this ewiki distribution), and the allowed arguments differ widely
        (must all be noted inside the < > and are written in arg=value style
        separated by semicolon):

        <plugin: plugins>

        <plugin: calendar year=2005; month=7;>
                          month_offset=0; start_wday=0;
                          wday_color=#999999; today_color=#ffcccc;
                          wend_color=#bbbbbb;

        <plugin: environment>
                          info=45

        <plugin: insert !WikiPageName>
                          # this includes the referenced WikiPage in a box
                          # into the current one, Note the ! to prevent that
                          # WikiWord from getting rendered (before mpi sees
                          # it)

        <plugin: page_flags>
                          # I strongly discourage this mpi plugin to be
                          # loaded as it allows such easily to spy page
                          # security settings






        authentication/permission plugins
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        The paragraph and descriptions about the _auth interfaces have gone
        into plugins/auth/README.auth



writing your own plugin
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Using the list of current plugin tasks, you could (hopefully) write your own
extension with ease. It is probably most simple to write a dynamic ["page"]
plugin, so we start with this as example. All you need is a function
definition like:

   function my_page_plugin($id, $data, $action) {
      return("This is the returned page <b>content</b>.");
   }

And then just register it as ["page"] plugin, using your defined function
name (yes, this does NOT need to start with the usual "ewiki_" prefix!). You
also need to tell ewiki about the WikiPageName under which your plugin
should be made available:

   $ewiki_plugins["page"]["MyPagePlugin"] = "my_page_plugin";

That's it. But of course your function should do something more useful, than
just returning a hardcoded html string - even if this all, what's necessary
here. The parameters to your ["page"] plugin function you'll often just want
to ignore, and implement your plugin functionality (hard disk formation e.g.)
independently from such things.

It is likewise easy to write an ["action"] plugin; but this type of plugin
should then process some parts of the $data entry and work for nearly any
page (extracting contents or presenting the current page differently). So
this kind of plugin could be used to initialize a download for the current
page or to allow to email it to someone else (beware of the spammers!).



format_* / rendering plugins
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It is rather simple to add WikiMarkup using the $ewiki_config["wm_..."]
settings, but for some tasks you need stronger weapons like rendering
and markup plugins.

The ewiki_format() function (often blatantly referred to as "rendering
kernel") recently got rather complicated to add support for the 'block'
plugins. Therefore we'll first need to discuss the variables structures
and names used inside of it:



        ewiki_format() internals
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        When the function receives the input string (WikiSource), it first
        escapes all html tags using &amp; &lt; &gt; to replace the & < >
        chars (because HTML is not allowed within Wiki, initially).

        Then it runs optional ["format_source"] plugins on the whole wiki
        page (still one source string).
        Afterwards ewiki_format() starts to split that wikisource into
        fragments meant to get handled by ["format_block"] plugins AND/OR
        the Wiki -> HTML transformation code inside of it. It creates an
        array called $iii[] from it - each fragment being an array on its
        own:
           $iii[0] = array(
              0 => "WikiSource ...",
              1 => 0x0FFF,
              2 => "core",
           );
        Initially we here just have one fragment [0] - and often this
        remains the only one (if no block plugin activates for the current
        WikiPage). The 0=> entry contains the body (wiki source) of a
        fragment, while at the 1=> index you'll find the block flags and 2=>
        is just the name of the block plugin to handle that fragment.

        If there is some block code, like <htm>...</htm> or <pre>...</pre>
        in the WikiPage, you'll end up with a larger $iii[] input array:
           $iii[0] = array("WikiSource...",0xFFFF,"core"),
           $iii[1] = array("<b>....",0x0002,"html"),
           $iii[2] = array("text",0x0FFF,""),
        
        Besides the $iii[] input array, we'll also have an array containing
        rendering status variables called $s[]. The most important entry
        there is $s["in"], which is the index into the currently accessed
        $iii[] wiki page source or block fragment.
        And ewiki_format() then uses various alias variable names for
        entries of the status var $s[] array - for example $in and $s["in"]
        are the same index number.

        After ewiki_format() separated the input source into the block
        fragments of $iii[], it will then run the actual ["fragment_block"]
        plugins on it. These can then apply regexs on them, or strip the
        fragments completely out of $iii[] or transform then into regular
        wiki source.

        Then the large wiki transform loop comes into action, but only
        for $iii[] fragments, whose flags (in the $iii[...][1] number)
        have the bit 0x0001 set. Other blocks/fragments of $iii[] remain
        untouched.
        While transforming the $iii[] arrays WikiSource a new fragments
        array will be created, called $ooo[] - the output array, which has
        exactly the same layout. And every $iii[$in] directly maps to the
        $ooo[$in] - same index number! But the later then already contains
        <html> instead of wiki source.

        Inside of the transformation loop, two other plugin types are
        activated (besides applying the $ewiki_config["wm_..."] ruleset):
        the ["format_line"] and ["format_para"] plugin groups.

        After all $iii[] blocks have been transformed into $ooo[], a second
        loop will check the flags (this time $ooo[...][1]) for the bit 0x0002
        which tells, if WikiWords should be transformed into html <a href=>
        links.

        After link conversion (on the selected fragments), all blocks (the
        content entries $ooo[...][0] of course) of $ooo[] are merged together
        into one <html> string. After the ["format_final"] plugins run over
        this, ewiki_format() returns the resulting <html> page.



        the format_ plugin hooks
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        As denoted above, the ["format_source"] and ["format_final"] plugin
        hooks are the simplest to work with, as both only get one parameter
        (passed by reference) containing either the full WikiPage source
        text or the already fully rendered <html> output.

        The ["format_line"] and ["format_tbl"] hooks are also rather simple,
        lookup their interface to know which variables you could modify.

        The ["format_para"] and ["format_block"] plugins both recieve
        either the $iii[] or $ooo[] and status $s[] array variables (plus
        a few aliases and shortcomings). This makes these hooks look a
        bit more complicated, but allows great flexibility - a "_block"
        plugin could for example merge its $iii[] fragment with another
        one, or replace itself with nothing.

        To write a markup plugin, you should lookup the actual interface in
        the 'ewiki.php' script or in this README. And don't forget that most
        parameters are meant to be passed by reference to be useful!



        $iii[] and $ooo[] block flags
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        The $iii[...][1] and $ooo[...][1] hold the flags (as defined by
        $ewiki_config["format_block"][...][2]) for each fragment of the
        WikiPage. The "core" blocks (plain WikiSource) always have the
        default 0x0FFF assigned.

        Currently used bit values are:
          0x0001 - render WikiMarkup
          0x0002 - render WikiLinks
          0x0004 - international character &#htmlentities; allowed
          0x0100 - fragment further (other block plugins can split it)

        pseudo-values (OR checks):
          0x0011 - consider to be inline block between WikiSourceBlocks
                   (prevents paragraph breaks between plugin and wiki block)
          0x0022 - scan for WikiWords in this paragraph