* MoonlightTypeConverter.cs: Convert CacheMode's from strings.

[moon.git] / cairo / src / cairo-ps-surface.c

/* -*- Mode: c; c-basic-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: t; tab-width: 8; -*- */
/* cairo - a vector graphics library with display and print output
 *
 * Copyright © 2003 University of Southern California
 * Copyright © 2005 Red Hat, Inc
 * Copyright © 2007,2008 Adrian Johnson
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it either under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License version 2.1 as published by the Free Software Foundation
 * (the "LGPL") or, at your option, under the terms of the Mozilla
 * Public License Version 1.1 (the "MPL"). If you do not alter this
 * notice, a recipient may use your version of this file under either
 * the MPL or the LGPL.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the LGPL along with this library
 * in the file COPYING-LGPL-2.1; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
 * You should have received a copy of the MPL along with this library
 * in the file COPYING-MPL-1.1
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
 * Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
 *
 * This software is distributed on an "AS IS" basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY
 * OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the LGPL or the MPL for
 * the specific language governing rights and limitations.
 *
 * The Original Code is the cairo graphics library.
 *
 * The Initial Developer of the Original Code is University of Southern
 * California.
 *
 * Contributor(s):
 *      Carl D. Worth <cworth@cworth.org>
 *      Kristian Høgsberg <krh@redhat.com>
 *      Keith Packard <keithp@keithp.com>
 *      Adrian Johnson <ajohnson@redneon.com>
 */


/*
 * Design of the PS output:
 *
 * The PS output is harmonised with the PDF operations using PS procedures
 * to emulate the PDF operators.
 *
 * This has a number of advantages:
 *   1. A large chunk of code is shared between the PDF and PS backends.
 *      See cairo-pdf-operators.
 *   2. Using gs to do PS -> PDF and PDF -> PS will always work well.
 */

#define _BSD_SOURCE /* for ctime_r(), snprintf(), strdup() */
#include "cairoint.h"
#include "cairo-ps.h"
#include "cairo-ps-surface-private.h"
#include "cairo-pdf-operators-private.h"
#include "cairo-scaled-font-subsets-private.h"
#include "cairo-paginated-private.h"
#include "cairo-meta-surface-private.h"
#include "cairo-output-stream-private.h"
#include "cairo-type3-glyph-surface-private.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <zlib.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define DEBUG_PS 0

#ifndef HAVE_CTIME_R
#define ctime_r(T, BUF) ctime (T)
#endif

static const cairo_surface_backend_t cairo_ps_surface_backend;
static const cairo_paginated_surface_backend_t cairo_ps_surface_paginated_backend;

static const cairo_ps_level_t _cairo_ps_levels[] =
{
    CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_2,
    CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_3
};

#define CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_LAST ARRAY_LENGTH (_cairo_ps_levels)

static const char * _cairo_ps_level_strings[CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_LAST] =
{
    "PS Level 2",
    "PS Level 3"
};

static void
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_header (cairo_ps_surface_t *surface)
{
    char ctime_buf[26];
    time_t now;
    char **comments;
    int i, num_comments;
    int level;
    const char *eps_header = "";

    if (surface->has_creation_date)
        now = surface->creation_date;
    else
        now = time (NULL);

    if (surface->ps_level_used == CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_2)
        level = 2;
    else
        level = 3;

    if (surface->eps)
        eps_header = " EPSF-3.0";

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%%!PS-Adobe-3.0%s\n"
                                 "%%%%Creator: cairo %s (http://cairographics.org)\n"
                                 "%%%%CreationDate: %s"
                                 "%%%%Pages: %d\n"
                                 "%%%%BoundingBox: %d %d %d %d\n",
                                 eps_header,
                                 cairo_version_string (),
                                 ctime_r (&now, ctime_buf),
                                 surface->num_pages,
                                 surface->bbox_x1,
                                 surface->bbox_y1,
                                 surface->bbox_x2,
                                 surface->bbox_y2);

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%%%%DocumentData: Clean7Bit\n"
                                 "%%%%LanguageLevel: %d\n",
                                 level);

    num_comments = _cairo_array_num_elements (&surface->dsc_header_comments);
    comments = _cairo_array_index (&surface->dsc_header_comments, 0);
    for (i = 0; i < num_comments; i++) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                     "%s\n", comments[i]);
        free (comments[i]);
        comments[i] = NULL;
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%%%%EndComments\n");

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%%%%BeginProlog\n");

    if (surface->eps) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                     "/cairo_eps_state save def\n"
                                     "/dict_count countdictstack def\n"
                                     "/op_count count 1 sub def\n"
                                     "userdict begin\n");
    } else {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                     "/languagelevel where\n"
                                     "{ pop languagelevel } { 1 } ifelse\n"
                                     "%d lt { /Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont 50 500 moveto\n"
                                     "  (This print job requires a PostScript Language Level %d printer.) show\n"
                                     "  showpage quit } if\n",
                                     level,
                                     level);
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "/q { gsave } bind def\n"
                                 "/Q { grestore } bind def\n"
                                 "/cm { 6 array astore concat } bind def\n"
                                 "/w { setlinewidth } bind def\n"
                                 "/J { setlinecap } bind def\n"
                                 "/j { setlinejoin } bind def\n"
                                 "/M { setmiterlimit } bind def\n"
                                 "/d { setdash } bind def\n"
                                 "/m { moveto } bind def\n"
                                 "/l { lineto } bind def\n"
                                 "/c { curveto } bind def\n"
                                 "/h { closepath } bind def\n"
                                 "/re { exch dup neg 3 1 roll 5 3 roll moveto 0 rlineto\n"
                                 "      0 exch rlineto 0 rlineto closepath } bind def\n"
                                 "/S { stroke } bind def\n"
                                 "/f { fill } bind def\n"
                                 "/f* { eofill } bind def\n"
                                 "/B { fill stroke } bind def\n"
                                 "/B* { eofill stroke } bind def\n"
                                 "/n { newpath } bind def\n"
                                 "/W { clip } bind def\n"
                                 "/W* { eoclip } bind def\n"
                                 "/BT { } bind def\n"
                                 "/ET { } bind def\n"
                                 "/pdfmark where { pop globaldict /?pdfmark /exec load put }\n"
                                 "    { globaldict begin /?pdfmark /pop load def /pdfmark\n"
                                 "    /cleartomark load def end } ifelse\n"
                                 "/BDC { mark 3 1 roll /BDC pdfmark } bind def\n"
                                 "/EMC { mark /EMC pdfmark } bind def\n"
                                 "/cairo_store_point { /cairo_point_y exch def /cairo_point_x exch def } def\n"
                                 "/Tj { show currentpoint cairo_store_point } bind def\n"
                                 "/TJ {\n"
                                 "  {\n"
                                 "    dup\n"
                                 "    type /stringtype eq\n"
                                 "    { show } { -0.001 mul 0 cairo_font_matrix dtransform rmoveto } ifelse\n"
                                 "  } forall\n"
                                 "  currentpoint cairo_store_point\n"
                                 "} bind def\n"
                                 "/cairo_selectfont { cairo_font_matrix aload pop pop pop 0 0 6 array astore\n"
                                 "    cairo_font exch selectfont cairo_point_x cairo_point_y moveto } bind def\n"
                                 "/Tf { pop /cairo_font exch def /cairo_font_matrix where\n"
                                 "      { pop cairo_selectfont } if } bind def\n"
                                 "/Td { matrix translate cairo_font_matrix matrix concatmatrix dup\n"
                                 "      /cairo_font_matrix exch def dup 4 get exch 5 get cairo_store_point\n"
                                 "      /cairo_font where { pop cairo_selectfont } if } bind def\n"
                                 "/Tm { 2 copy 8 2 roll 6 array astore /cairo_font_matrix exch def\n"
                                 "      cairo_store_point /cairo_font where { pop cairo_selectfont } if } bind def\n"
                                 "/g { setgray } bind def\n"
                                 "/rg { setrgbcolor } bind def\n"
                                 "/d1 { setcachedevice } bind def\n");

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%%%%EndProlog\n");

    num_comments = _cairo_array_num_elements (&surface->dsc_setup_comments);
    if (num_comments) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                     "%%%%BeginSetup\n");

        comments = _cairo_array_index (&surface->dsc_setup_comments, 0);
        for (i = 0; i < num_comments; i++) {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                         "%s\n", comments[i]);
            free (comments[i]);
            comments[i] = NULL;
        }

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                     "%%%%EndSetup\n");
    }
}

#if CAIRO_HAS_FT_FONT
static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_type1_font_subset (cairo_ps_surface_t            *surface,
                                          cairo_scaled_font_subset_t    *font_subset)


{
    cairo_type1_subset_t subset;
    cairo_status_t status;
    int length;
    char name[64];

    snprintf (name, sizeof name, "f-%d-%d",
              font_subset->font_id, font_subset->subset_id);
    status = _cairo_type1_subset_init (&subset, name, font_subset, TRUE);
    if (status)
        return status;

    /* FIXME: Figure out document structure convention for fonts */

#if DEBUG_PS
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%% _cairo_ps_surface_emit_type1_font_subset\n");
#endif

    length = subset.header_length + subset.data_length + subset.trailer_length;
    _cairo_output_stream_write (surface->final_stream, subset.data, length);

    _cairo_type1_subset_fini (&subset);

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_type1_font_fallback (cairo_ps_surface_t          *surface,
                                            cairo_scaled_font_subset_t  *font_subset)
{
    cairo_type1_subset_t subset;
    cairo_status_t status;
    int length;
    char name[64];

    snprintf (name, sizeof name, "f-%d-%d",
              font_subset->font_id, font_subset->subset_id);
    status = _cairo_type1_fallback_init_hex (&subset, name, font_subset);
    if (status)
        return status;

    /* FIXME: Figure out document structure convention for fonts */

#if DEBUG_PS
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%% _cairo_ps_surface_emit_type1_font_fallback\n");
#endif

    length = subset.header_length + subset.data_length + subset.trailer_length;
    _cairo_output_stream_write (surface->final_stream, subset.data, length);

    _cairo_type1_fallback_fini (&subset);

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_truetype_font_subset (cairo_ps_surface_t         *surface,
                                             cairo_scaled_font_subset_t *font_subset)


{
    cairo_truetype_subset_t subset;
    cairo_status_t status;
    unsigned int i, begin, end;

    status = _cairo_truetype_subset_init (&subset, font_subset);
    if (status)
        return status;

    /* FIXME: Figure out document structure convention for fonts */

#if DEBUG_PS
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%% _cairo_ps_surface_emit_truetype_font_subset\n");
#endif

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "11 dict begin\n"
                                 "/FontType 42 def\n"
                                 "/FontName /f-%d-%d def\n"
                                 "/PaintType 0 def\n"
                                 "/FontMatrix [ 1 0 0 1 0 0 ] def\n"
                                 "/FontBBox [ 0 0 0 0 ] def\n"
                                 "/Encoding 256 array def\n"
                                 "0 1 255 { Encoding exch /.notdef put } for\n",
                                 font_subset->font_id,
                                 font_subset->subset_id);

    /* FIXME: Figure out how subset->x_max etc maps to the /FontBBox */

    for (i = 1; i < font_subset->num_glyphs; i++) {
        if (font_subset->glyph_names != NULL) {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                         "Encoding %d /%s put\n",
                                         i, font_subset->glyph_names[i]);
        } else {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                         "Encoding %d /g%d put\n", i, i);
        }
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "/CharStrings %d dict dup begin\n"
                                 "/.notdef 0 def\n",
                                 font_subset->num_glyphs);

    for (i = 1; i < font_subset->num_glyphs; i++) {
        if (font_subset->glyph_names != NULL) {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                         "/%s %d def\n",
                                         font_subset->glyph_names[i], i);
        } else {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                         "/g%d %d def\n", i, i);
        }
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "end readonly def\n");

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "/sfnts [\n");
    begin = 0;
    end = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < subset.num_string_offsets; i++) {
        end = subset.string_offsets[i];
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,"<");
        _cairo_output_stream_write_hex_string (surface->final_stream,
                                               subset.data + begin, end - begin);
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,"00>\n");
        begin = end;
    }
    if (subset.data_length > end) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,"<");
        _cairo_output_stream_write_hex_string (surface->final_stream,
                                               subset.data + end, subset.data_length - end);
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,"00>\n");
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "] def\n"
                                 "FontName currentdict end definefont pop\n");

    _cairo_truetype_subset_fini (&subset);

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_emit_imagemask (cairo_image_surface_t *image,
                          cairo_output_stream_t *stream)
{
    uint8_t *row, *byte;
    int rows, cols;

    /* The only image type supported by Type 3 fonts are 1-bit image
     * masks */
    assert (image->format == CAIRO_FORMAT_A1);

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream,
                                 "<<\n"
                                 "   /ImageType 1\n"
                                 "   /Width %d\n"
                                 "   /Height %d\n"
                                 "   /ImageMatrix [%d 0 0 %d 0 %d]\n"
                                 "   /Decode [1 0]\n"
                                 "   /BitsPerComponent 1\n",
                                 image->width,
                                 image->height,
                                 image->width,
                                 -image->height,
                                 image->height);

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream,
                                 "   /DataSource {<\n   ");
    for (row = image->data, rows = image->height; rows; row += image->stride, rows--) {
        for (byte = row, cols = (image->width + 7) / 8; cols; byte++, cols--) {
            uint8_t output_byte = CAIRO_BITSWAP8_IF_LITTLE_ENDIAN (*byte);
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "%02x ", output_byte);
        }
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "\n   ");
    }
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, ">}\n>>\n");

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream,
                                 "imagemask\n");

    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (stream);
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_analyze_user_font_subset (cairo_scaled_font_subset_t *font_subset,
                                            void                       *closure)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = closure;
    cairo_status_t status = CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    unsigned int i;
    cairo_surface_t *type3_surface;

    type3_surface = _cairo_type3_glyph_surface_create (font_subset->scaled_font,
                                                       NULL,
                                                       _cairo_ps_emit_imagemask,
                                                       surface->font_subsets);

    for (i = 0; i < font_subset->num_glyphs; i++) {
        status = _cairo_type3_glyph_surface_analyze_glyph (type3_surface,
                                                           font_subset->glyphs[i]);
        if (status)
            break;

    }
    cairo_surface_destroy (type3_surface);

    return status;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_type3_font_subset (cairo_ps_surface_t            *surface,
                                          cairo_scaled_font_subset_t    *font_subset)


{
    cairo_status_t status;
    unsigned int i;
    cairo_box_t font_bbox = {{0,0},{0,0}};
    cairo_box_t bbox = {{0,0},{0,0}};
    cairo_surface_t *type3_surface;
    double width;

    if (font_subset->num_glyphs == 0)
        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

#if DEBUG_PS
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%% _cairo_ps_surface_emit_type3_font_subset\n");
#endif

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "8 dict begin\n"
                                 "/FontType 3 def\n"
                                 "/FontMatrix [1 0 0 1 0 0] def\n"
                                 "/Encoding 256 array def\n"
                                 "0 1 255 { Encoding exch /.notdef put } for\n");

    type3_surface = _cairo_type3_glyph_surface_create (font_subset->scaled_font,
                                                       NULL,
                                                       _cairo_ps_emit_imagemask,
                                                       surface->font_subsets);

    for (i = 0; i < font_subset->num_glyphs; i++) {
        if (font_subset->glyph_names != NULL) {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                         "Encoding %d /%s put\n",
                                         i, font_subset->glyph_names[i]);
        } else {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                         "Encoding %d /g%d put\n", i, i);
        }
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "/Glyphs [\n");

    for (i = 0; i < font_subset->num_glyphs; i++) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                     "    { %% %d\n", i);
        status = _cairo_type3_glyph_surface_emit_glyph (type3_surface,
                                                        surface->final_stream,
                                                        font_subset->glyphs[i],
                                                        &bbox,
                                                        &width);
        if (status)
            break;

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                     "    }\n");
        if (i == 0) {
            font_bbox.p1.x = bbox.p1.x;
            font_bbox.p1.y = bbox.p1.y;
            font_bbox.p2.x = bbox.p2.x;
            font_bbox.p2.y = bbox.p2.y;
        } else {
            if (bbox.p1.x < font_bbox.p1.x)
                font_bbox.p1.x = bbox.p1.x;
            if (bbox.p1.y < font_bbox.p1.y)
                font_bbox.p1.y = bbox.p1.y;
            if (bbox.p2.x > font_bbox.p2.x)
                font_bbox.p2.x = bbox.p2.x;
            if (bbox.p2.y > font_bbox.p2.y)
                font_bbox.p2.y = bbox.p2.y;
        }
    }
    cairo_surface_destroy (type3_surface);
    if (status)
        return status;

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "] def\n"
                                 "/FontBBox [%f %f %f %f] def\n"
                                 "/BuildChar {\n"
                                 "  exch /Glyphs get\n"
                                 "  exch get\n"
                                 "  10 dict begin exec end\n"
                                 "} bind def\n"
                                 "currentdict\n"
                                 "end\n"
                                 "/f-%d-%d exch definefont pop\n",
                                 _cairo_fixed_to_double (font_bbox.p1.x),
                                 - _cairo_fixed_to_double (font_bbox.p2.y),
                                 _cairo_fixed_to_double (font_bbox.p2.x),
                                 - _cairo_fixed_to_double (font_bbox.p1.y),
                                 font_subset->font_id,
                                 font_subset->subset_id);

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_unscaled_font_subset (cairo_scaled_font_subset_t *font_subset,
                                            void                        *closure)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = closure;
    cairo_status_t status;


    status = _cairo_scaled_font_subset_create_glyph_names (font_subset);
    if (status && status != CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED)
        return status;

#if CAIRO_HAS_FT_FONT
    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_type1_font_subset (surface, font_subset);
    if (status != CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED)
        return status;
#endif

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_truetype_font_subset (surface, font_subset);
    if (status != CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED)
        return status;

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_type1_font_fallback (surface, font_subset);
    if (status != CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED)
        return status;

    ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_scaled_font_subset (cairo_scaled_font_subset_t *font_subset,
                                           void                       *closure)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = closure;
    cairo_status_t status;

    status = _cairo_scaled_font_subset_create_glyph_names (font_subset);
    if (status && status != CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED)
        return status;

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_type3_font_subset (surface, font_subset);
    if (status != CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED)
        return status;

    ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_font_subsets (cairo_ps_surface_t *surface)
{
    cairo_status_t status;

#if DEBUG_PS
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%% _cairo_ps_surface_emit_font_subsets\n");
#endif

    status = _cairo_scaled_font_subsets_foreach_user (surface->font_subsets,
                                                      _cairo_ps_surface_analyze_user_font_subset,
                                                      surface);
    if (status)
        goto BAIL;

    status = _cairo_scaled_font_subsets_foreach_unscaled (surface->font_subsets,
                                                          _cairo_ps_surface_emit_unscaled_font_subset,
                                                          surface);
    if (status)
        goto BAIL;

    status = _cairo_scaled_font_subsets_foreach_scaled (surface->font_subsets,
                                                        _cairo_ps_surface_emit_scaled_font_subset,
                                                        surface);
    if (status)
        goto BAIL;

    status = _cairo_scaled_font_subsets_foreach_user (surface->font_subsets,
                                                      _cairo_ps_surface_emit_scaled_font_subset,
                                                      surface);
BAIL:
    _cairo_scaled_font_subsets_destroy (surface->font_subsets);
    surface->font_subsets = NULL;

    return status;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_body (cairo_ps_surface_t *surface)
{
    char    buf[4096];
    int     n;

    if (ferror (surface->tmpfile) != 0)
        return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_TEMP_FILE_ERROR);

    rewind (surface->tmpfile);
    while ((n = fread (buf, 1, sizeof (buf), surface->tmpfile)) > 0)
        _cairo_output_stream_write (surface->final_stream, buf, n);

    if (ferror (surface->tmpfile) != 0)
        return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_TEMP_FILE_ERROR);

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static void
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_footer (cairo_ps_surface_t *surface)
{
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%%%%Trailer\n");

    if (surface->eps) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                     "count op_count sub {pop} repeat\n"
                                     "countdictstack dict_count sub {end} repeat\n"
                                     "cairo_eps_state restore\n");
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->final_stream,
                                 "%%%%EOF\n");
}

static cairo_surface_t *
_cairo_ps_surface_create_for_stream_internal (cairo_output_stream_t *stream,
                                              double                 width,
                                              double                 height)
{
    cairo_status_t status, status_ignored;
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface;

    surface = malloc (sizeof (cairo_ps_surface_t));
    if (surface == NULL) {
        status = _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
        goto CLEANUP;
    }

    _cairo_surface_init (&surface->base, &cairo_ps_surface_backend,
                         CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA);

    surface->final_stream = stream;

    surface->tmpfile = tmpfile ();
    if (surface->tmpfile == NULL) {
        switch (errno) {
        case ENOMEM:
            status = _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
            break;
        default:
            status = _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_TEMP_FILE_ERROR);
            break;
        }
        goto CLEANUP_SURFACE;
    }

    surface->stream = _cairo_output_stream_create_for_file (surface->tmpfile);
    status = _cairo_output_stream_get_status (surface->stream);
    if (status)
        goto CLEANUP_OUTPUT_STREAM;

    surface->font_subsets = _cairo_scaled_font_subsets_create_simple ();
    if (surface->font_subsets == NULL) {
        status = _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
        goto CLEANUP_OUTPUT_STREAM;
    }

    surface->has_creation_date = FALSE;
    surface->eps = FALSE;
    surface->ps_level = CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_3;
    surface->ps_level_used = CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_2;
    surface->width  = width;
    surface->height = height;
    cairo_matrix_init (&surface->cairo_to_ps, 1, 0, 0, -1, 0, height);
    surface->paginated_mode = CAIRO_PAGINATED_MODE_ANALYZE;
    surface->force_fallbacks = FALSE;
    surface->content = CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA;
    surface->use_string_datasource = FALSE;
    surface->current_pattern_is_solid_color = FALSE;

    _cairo_pdf_operators_init (&surface->pdf_operators,
                               surface->stream,
                               &surface->cairo_to_ps,
                               surface->font_subsets);
    surface->num_pages = 0;

    _cairo_array_init (&surface->dsc_header_comments, sizeof (char *));
    _cairo_array_init (&surface->dsc_setup_comments, sizeof (char *));
    _cairo_array_init (&surface->dsc_page_setup_comments, sizeof (char *));

    surface->dsc_comment_target = &surface->dsc_header_comments;

    surface->paginated_surface = _cairo_paginated_surface_create (
                                           &surface->base,
                                           CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA,
                                           width, height,
                                           &cairo_ps_surface_paginated_backend);
    status = surface->paginated_surface->status;
    if (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
        /* paginated keeps the only reference to surface now, drop ours */
        cairo_surface_destroy (&surface->base);
        return surface->paginated_surface;
    }

    _cairo_scaled_font_subsets_destroy (surface->font_subsets);
 CLEANUP_OUTPUT_STREAM:
    status_ignored = _cairo_output_stream_destroy (surface->stream);
    fclose (surface->tmpfile);
 CLEANUP_SURFACE:
    free (surface);
 CLEANUP:
    /* destroy stream on behalf of caller */
    status_ignored = _cairo_output_stream_destroy (stream);

    return _cairo_surface_create_in_error (status);
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_surface_create:
 * @filename: a filename for the PS output (must be writable), %NULL may be
 *            used to specify no output. This will generate a PS surface that
 *            may be queried and used as a source, without generating a
 *            temporary file.
 * @width_in_points: width of the surface, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
 * @height_in_points: height of the surface, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
 *
 * Creates a PostScript surface of the specified size in points to be
 * written to @filename. See cairo_ps_surface_create_for_stream() for
 * a more flexible mechanism for handling the PostScript output than
 * simply writing it to a named file.
 *
 * Note that the size of individual pages of the PostScript output can
 * vary. See cairo_ps_surface_set_size().
 *
 * Return value: a pointer to the newly created surface. The caller
 * owns the surface and should call cairo_surface_destroy() when done
 * with it.
 *
 * This function always returns a valid pointer, but it will return a
 * pointer to a "nil" surface if an error such as out of memory
 * occurs. You can use cairo_surface_status() to check for this.
 *
 * Since: 1.2
 **/
cairo_surface_t *
cairo_ps_surface_create (const char             *filename,
                         double                  width_in_points,
                         double                  height_in_points)
{
    cairo_output_stream_t *stream;

    stream = _cairo_output_stream_create_for_filename (filename);
    if (_cairo_output_stream_get_status (stream))
        return _cairo_surface_create_in_error (_cairo_output_stream_destroy (stream));

    return _cairo_ps_surface_create_for_stream_internal (stream,
                                                         width_in_points,
                                                         height_in_points);
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_surface_create_for_stream:
 * @write_func: a #cairo_write_func_t to accept the output data, may be %NULL
 *              to indicate a no-op @write_func. With a no-op @write_func,
 *              the surface may be queried or used as a source without
 *              generating any temporary files.
 * @closure: the closure argument for @write_func
 * @width_in_points: width of the surface, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
 * @height_in_points: height of the surface, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
 *
 * Creates a PostScript surface of the specified size in points to be
 * written incrementally to the stream represented by @write_func and
 * @closure. See cairo_ps_surface_create() for a more convenient way
 * to simply direct the PostScript output to a named file.
 *
 * Note that the size of individual pages of the PostScript
 * output can vary. See cairo_ps_surface_set_size().
 *
 * Return value: a pointer to the newly created surface. The caller
 * owns the surface and should call cairo_surface_destroy() when done
 * with it.
 *
 * This function always returns a valid pointer, but it will return a
 * pointer to a "nil" surface if an error such as out of memory
 * occurs. You can use cairo_surface_status() to check for this.
 *
 * Since: 1.2
 */
cairo_surface_t *
cairo_ps_surface_create_for_stream (cairo_write_func_t  write_func,
                                    void               *closure,
                                    double              width_in_points,
                                    double              height_in_points)
{
    cairo_output_stream_t *stream;

    stream = _cairo_output_stream_create (write_func, NULL, closure);
    if (_cairo_output_stream_get_status (stream))
        return _cairo_surface_create_in_error (_cairo_output_stream_destroy (stream));

    return _cairo_ps_surface_create_for_stream_internal (stream,
                                                         width_in_points,
                                                         height_in_points);
}

static cairo_bool_t
_cairo_surface_is_ps (cairo_surface_t *surface)
{
    return surface->backend == &cairo_ps_surface_backend;
}

/* If the abstract_surface is a paginated surface, and that paginated
 * surface's target is a ps_surface, then set ps_surface to that
 * target. Otherwise return %CAIRO_STATUS_SURFACE_TYPE_MISMATCH.
 */
static cairo_status_t
_extract_ps_surface (cairo_surface_t     *surface,
                     cairo_ps_surface_t **ps_surface)
{
    cairo_surface_t *target;

    if (surface->status)
        return surface->status;

    if (! _cairo_surface_is_paginated (surface))
        return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_SURFACE_TYPE_MISMATCH);

    target = _cairo_paginated_surface_get_target (surface);
    if (target->status)
        return target->status;

    if (! _cairo_surface_is_ps (target))
        return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_SURFACE_TYPE_MISMATCH);

    *ps_surface = (cairo_ps_surface_t *) target;

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_surface_restrict_to_level:
 * @surface: a PostScript #cairo_surface_t
 * @level: PostScript level
 *
 * Restricts the generated PostSript file to @level. See
 * cairo_ps_get_levels() for a list of available level values that
 * can be used here.
 *
 * This function should only be called before any drawing operations
 * have been performed on the given surface. The simplest way to do
 * this is to call this function immediately after creating the
 * surface.
 *
 * Since: 1.6
 **/
void
cairo_ps_surface_restrict_to_level (cairo_surface_t  *surface,
                                    cairo_ps_level_t  level)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *ps_surface = NULL;
    cairo_status_t status;

    status = _extract_ps_surface (surface, &ps_surface);
    if (status) {
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, status);
        return;
    }

    if (level < CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_LAST)
        ps_surface->ps_level = level;
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_get_levels:
 * @levels: supported level list
 * @num_levels: list length
 *
 * Used to retrieve the list of supported levels. See
 * cairo_ps_surface_restrict_to_level().
 *
 * Since: 1.6
 **/
void
cairo_ps_get_levels (cairo_ps_level_t const     **levels,
                     int                         *num_levels)
{
    if (levels != NULL)
        *levels = _cairo_ps_levels;

    if (num_levels != NULL)
        *num_levels = CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_LAST;
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_level_to_string:
 * @level: a level id
 *
 * Get the string representation of the given @level id. This function
 * will return %NULL if @level id isn't valid. See cairo_ps_get_levels()
 * for a way to get the list of valid level ids.
 *
 * Return value: the string associated to given level.
 *
 * Since: 1.6
 **/
const char *
cairo_ps_level_to_string (cairo_ps_level_t level)
{
    if (level >= CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_LAST)
        return NULL;

    return _cairo_ps_level_strings[level];
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_surface_set_eps:
 * @surface: a PostScript #cairo_surface_t
 * @eps: %TRUE to output EPS format PostScript
 *
 * If @eps is %TRUE, the PostScript surface will output Encapsulated
 * PostScript.
 *
 * This function should only be called before any drawing operations
 * have been performed on the current page. The simplest way to do
 * this is to call this function immediately after creating the
 * surface. An Encapsulated PostScript file should never contain more
 * than one page.
 *
 * Since: 1.6
 **/
void
cairo_ps_surface_set_eps (cairo_surface_t       *surface,
                          cairo_bool_t           eps)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *ps_surface = NULL;
    cairo_status_t status;

    status = _extract_ps_surface (surface, &ps_surface);
    if (status) {
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, status);
        return;
    }

    ps_surface->eps = eps;
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_surface_get_eps:
 * @surface: a PostScript #cairo_surface_t
 *
 * Check whether the PostScript surface will output Encapsulated PostScript.
 *
 * Return value: %TRUE if the surface will output Encapsulated PostScript.
 *
 * Since: 1.6
 **/
cairo_public cairo_bool_t
cairo_ps_surface_get_eps (cairo_surface_t       *surface)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *ps_surface = NULL;
    cairo_status_t status;

    status = _extract_ps_surface (surface, &ps_surface);
    if (status) {
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, status);
        return FALSE;
    }

    return ps_surface->eps;
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_surface_set_size:
 * @surface: a PostScript #cairo_surface_t
 * @width_in_points: new surface width, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
 * @height_in_points: new surface height, in points (1 point == 1/72.0 inch)
 *
 * Changes the size of a PostScript surface for the current (and
 * subsequent) pages.
 *
 * This function should only be called before any drawing operations
 * have been performed on the current page. The simplest way to do
 * this is to call this function immediately after creating the
 * surface or immediately after completing a page with either
 * cairo_show_page() or cairo_copy_page().
 *
 * Since: 1.2
 **/
void
cairo_ps_surface_set_size (cairo_surface_t      *surface,
                           double                width_in_points,
                           double                height_in_points)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *ps_surface = NULL;
    cairo_status_t status;

    status = _extract_ps_surface (surface, &ps_surface);
    if (status) {
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, status);
        return;
    }

    ps_surface->width = width_in_points;
    ps_surface->height = height_in_points;
    cairo_matrix_init (&ps_surface->cairo_to_ps, 1, 0, 0, -1, 0, height_in_points);
    _cairo_pdf_operators_set_cairo_to_pdf_matrix (&ps_surface->pdf_operators,
                                                  &ps_surface->cairo_to_ps);
    status = _cairo_paginated_surface_set_size (ps_surface->paginated_surface,
                                                width_in_points,
                                                height_in_points);
    if (status)
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, status);
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment:
 * @surface: a PostScript #cairo_surface_t
 * @comment: a comment string to be emitted into the PostScript output
 *
 * Emit a comment into the PostScript output for the given surface.
 *
 * The comment is expected to conform to the PostScript Language
 * Document Structuring Conventions (DSC). Please see that manual for
 * details on the available comments and their meanings. In
 * particular, the %%IncludeFeature comment allows a
 * device-independent means of controlling printer device features. So
 * the PostScript Printer Description Files Specification will also be
 * a useful reference.
 *
 * The comment string must begin with a percent character (%) and the
 * total length of the string (including any initial percent
 * characters) must not exceed 255 characters. Violating either of
 * these conditions will place @surface into an error state. But
 * beyond these two conditions, this function will not enforce
 * conformance of the comment with any particular specification.
 *
 * The comment string should not have a trailing newline.
 *
 * The DSC specifies different sections in which particular comments
 * can appear. This function provides for comments to be emitted
 * within three sections: the header, the Setup section, and the
 * PageSetup section.  Comments appearing in the first two sections
 * apply to the entire document while comments in the BeginPageSetup
 * section apply only to a single page.
 *
 * For comments to appear in the header section, this function should
 * be called after the surface is created, but before a call to
 * cairo_ps_surface_begin_setup().
 *
 * For comments to appear in the Setup section, this function should
 * be called after a call to cairo_ps_surface_begin_setup() but before
 * a call to cairo_ps_surface_begin_page_setup().
 *
 * For comments to appear in the PageSetup section, this function
 * should be called after a call to cairo_ps_surface_begin_page_setup().
 *
 * Note that it is only necessary to call cairo_ps_surface_begin_page_setup()
 * for the first page of any surface. After a call to
 * cairo_show_page() or cairo_copy_page() comments are unambiguously
 * directed to the PageSetup section of the current page. But it
 * doesn't hurt to call this function at the beginning of every page
 * as that consistency may make the calling code simpler.
 *
 * As a final note, cairo automatically generates several comments on
 * its own. As such, applications must not manually generate any of
 * the following comments:
 *
 * Header section: %!PS-Adobe-3.0, %%Creator, %%CreationDate, %%Pages,
 * %%BoundingBox, %%DocumentData, %%LanguageLevel, %%EndComments.
 *
 * Setup section: %%BeginSetup, %%EndSetup
 *
 * PageSetup section: %%BeginPageSetup, %%PageBoundingBox,
 * %%EndPageSetup.
 *
 * Other sections: %%BeginProlog, %%EndProlog, %%Page, %%Trailer, %%EOF
 *
 * Here is an example sequence showing how this function might be used:
 *
 * <informalexample><programlisting>
 * #cairo_surface_t *surface = cairo_ps_surface_create (filename, width, height);
 * ...
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment (surface, "%%Title: My excellent document");
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment (surface, "%%Copyright: Copyright (C) 2006 Cairo Lover")
 * ...
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_begin_setup (surface);
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *MediaColor White");
 * ...
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_begin_page_setup (surface);
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *PageSize A3");
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *InputSlot LargeCapacity");
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *MediaType Glossy");
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *MediaColor Blue");
 * ... draw to first page here ..
 * cairo_show_page (cr);
 * ...
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment (surface, "%%IncludeFeature: *PageSize A5");
 * ...
 * </programlisting></informalexample>
 *
 * Since: 1.2
 **/
void
cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment (cairo_surface_t   *surface,
                              const char        *comment)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *ps_surface = NULL;
    cairo_status_t status;
    char *comment_copy;

    status = _extract_ps_surface (surface, &ps_surface);
    if (status) {
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, status);
        return;
    }

    /* A couple of sanity checks on the comment value. */
    if (comment == NULL) {
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, CAIRO_STATUS_NULL_POINTER);
        return;
    }

    if (comment[0] != '%' || strlen (comment) > 255) {
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, CAIRO_STATUS_INVALID_DSC_COMMENT);
        return;
    }

    /* Then, copy the comment and store it in the appropriate array. */
    comment_copy = strdup (comment);
    if (comment_copy == NULL) {
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
        return;
    }

    status = _cairo_array_append (ps_surface->dsc_comment_target, &comment_copy);
    if (status) {
        free (comment_copy);
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, status);
        return;
    }
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_begin_setup:
 * @surface: a PostScript #cairo_surface_t
 *
 * This function indicates that subsequent calls to
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment() should direct comments to the Setup
 * section of the PostScript output.
 *
 * This function should be called at most once per surface, and must
 * be called before any call to cairo_ps_surface_dsc_begin_page_setup()
 * and before any drawing is performed to the surface.
 *
 * See cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment() for more details.
 *
 * Since: 1.2
 **/
void
cairo_ps_surface_dsc_begin_setup (cairo_surface_t *surface)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *ps_surface = NULL;
    cairo_status_t status;

    status = _extract_ps_surface (surface, &ps_surface);
    if (status) {
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, status);
        return;
    }

    if (ps_surface->dsc_comment_target == &ps_surface->dsc_header_comments)
    {
        ps_surface->dsc_comment_target = &ps_surface->dsc_setup_comments;
    }
}

/**
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_begin_page_setup:
 * @surface: a PostScript #cairo_surface_t
 *
 * This function indicates that subsequent calls to
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment() should direct comments to the
 * PageSetup section of the PostScript output.
 *
 * This function call is only needed for the first page of a
 * surface. It should be called after any call to
 * cairo_ps_surface_dsc_begin_setup() and before any drawing is
 * performed to the surface.
 *
 * See cairo_ps_surface_dsc_comment() for more details.
 *
 * Since: 1.2
 **/
void
cairo_ps_surface_dsc_begin_page_setup (cairo_surface_t *surface)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *ps_surface = NULL;
    cairo_status_t status;

    status = _extract_ps_surface (surface, &ps_surface);
    if (status) {
        status = _cairo_surface_set_error (surface, status);
        return;
    }

    if (ps_surface->dsc_comment_target == &ps_surface->dsc_header_comments ||
        ps_surface->dsc_comment_target == &ps_surface->dsc_setup_comments)
    {
        ps_surface->dsc_comment_target = &ps_surface->dsc_page_setup_comments;
    }
}

static cairo_surface_t *
_cairo_ps_surface_create_similar (void                  *abstract_surface,
                                  cairo_content_t        content,
                                  int                    width,
                                  int                    height)
{
    return _cairo_meta_surface_create (content, width, height);
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_finish (void *abstract_surface)
{
    cairo_status_t status, status2;
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;
    int i, num_comments;
    char **comments;

    _cairo_ps_surface_emit_header (surface);

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_font_subsets (surface);
    if (status)
        goto CLEANUP;

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_body (surface);
    if (status)
        goto CLEANUP;

    _cairo_ps_surface_emit_footer (surface);

CLEANUP:
    status2 = _cairo_output_stream_destroy (surface->stream);
    if (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
        status = status2;

    fclose (surface->tmpfile);

    status2 = _cairo_output_stream_destroy (surface->final_stream);
    if (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
        status = status2;

    num_comments = _cairo_array_num_elements (&surface->dsc_header_comments);
    comments = _cairo_array_index (&surface->dsc_header_comments, 0);
    for (i = 0; i < num_comments; i++)
        free (comments[i]);
    _cairo_array_fini (&surface->dsc_header_comments);

    num_comments = _cairo_array_num_elements (&surface->dsc_setup_comments);
    comments = _cairo_array_index (&surface->dsc_setup_comments, 0);
    for (i = 0; i < num_comments; i++)
        free (comments[i]);
    _cairo_array_fini (&surface->dsc_setup_comments);

    num_comments = _cairo_array_num_elements (&surface->dsc_page_setup_comments);
    comments = _cairo_array_index (&surface->dsc_page_setup_comments, 0);
    for (i = 0; i < num_comments; i++)
        free (comments[i]);
    _cairo_array_fini (&surface->dsc_page_setup_comments);

    return status;
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_start_page (void *abstract_surface)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;

    /* Increment before print so page numbers start at 1. */
    surface->num_pages++;

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_end_page (cairo_ps_surface_t *surface)
{
    cairo_int_status_t status;

    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush (&surface->pdf_operators);
    if (status)
        return status;

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "Q\n");

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_show_page (void *abstract_surface)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;
    cairo_int_status_t status;

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_end_page (surface);
    if (status)
        return status;

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "showpage\n");

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_bool_t
color_is_gray (double red, double green, double blue)
{
    const double epsilon = 0.00001;

    return (fabs (red - green) < epsilon &&
            fabs (red - blue) < epsilon);
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_analyze_surface_pattern_transparency (cairo_ps_surface_t      *surface,
                                                       cairo_surface_pattern_t *pattern)
{
    cairo_image_surface_t  *image;
    void                   *image_extra;
    cairo_int_status_t      status;
    cairo_image_transparency_t transparency;

    status = _cairo_surface_acquire_source_image (pattern->surface,
                                                  &image,
                                                  &image_extra);
    if (status)
        return status;

    if (image->base.status)
        return image->base.status;

    transparency = _cairo_image_analyze_transparency (image);
    switch (transparency) {
    case CAIRO_IMAGE_IS_OPAQUE:
        status = CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
        break;

    case CAIRO_IMAGE_HAS_BILEVEL_ALPHA:
        if (surface->ps_level == CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_2) {
            status = CAIRO_INT_STATUS_FLATTEN_TRANSPARENCY;
        } else {
            surface->ps_level_used = CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_3;
            status = CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
        }
        break;

    case CAIRO_IMAGE_HAS_ALPHA:
        status = CAIRO_INT_STATUS_FLATTEN_TRANSPARENCY;
        break;

    case CAIRO_IMAGE_UNKNOWN:
        ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
    }

    _cairo_surface_release_source_image (pattern->surface, image, image_extra);

    return status;
}

static cairo_bool_t
surface_pattern_supported (cairo_surface_pattern_t *pattern)
{
    cairo_extend_t extend;

    if (_cairo_surface_is_meta (pattern->surface))
        return TRUE;

    if (pattern->surface->backend->acquire_source_image == NULL)
        return FALSE;

    /* Does an ALPHA-only source surface even make sense? Maybe, but I
     * don't think it's worth the extra code to support it. */

/* XXX: Need to write this function here...
    content = cairo_surface_get_content (pattern->surface);
    if (content == CAIRO_CONTENT_ALPHA)
        return FALSE;
*/

    /* Cast away the const, trusting get_extend not to muck with it.
     * And I really wish I had a way to cast away just the const, and
     * not potentially coerce this pointer to an incorrect type at the
     * same time. :-(
     */
    extend = cairo_pattern_get_extend ((cairo_pattern_t*)&pattern->base);
    switch (extend) {
    case CAIRO_EXTEND_NONE:
    case CAIRO_EXTEND_REPEAT:
    case CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT:
    /* There's no point returning FALSE for EXTEND_PAD, as the image
     * surface does not currently implement it either */
    case CAIRO_EXTEND_PAD:
        return TRUE;
    }

    ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
    return FALSE;
}

static cairo_bool_t
_gradient_pattern_supported (cairo_ps_surface_t    *surface,
                             cairo_pattern_t *pattern)
{
    cairo_gradient_pattern_t *gradient = (cairo_gradient_pattern_t *) pattern;
    uint16_t alpha;
    cairo_extend_t extend;
    unsigned int i;

    if (surface->ps_level == CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_2)
        return FALSE;

    if (gradient->n_stops == 0)
        return TRUE;

    /* Alpha gradients are only supported (by flattening the alpha)
     * if there is no variation in the alpha across the gradient. */
    alpha = gradient->stops[0].color.alpha_short;
    for (i = 0; i < gradient->n_stops; i++) {
        if (gradient->stops[i].color.alpha_short != alpha)
            return FALSE;
    }

    extend = cairo_pattern_get_extend (pattern);

    /* Radial gradients are currently only supported when one circle
     * is inside the other. */
    if (pattern->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_RADIAL) {
        double x1, y1, x2, y2, r1, r2, d;
        cairo_radial_pattern_t *radial = (cairo_radial_pattern_t *) pattern;

        if (extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REPEAT ||
            extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT) {
            return FALSE;
        }

        x1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (radial->c1.x);
        y1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (radial->c1.y);
        r1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (radial->r1);
        x2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (radial->c2.x);
        y2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (radial->c2.y);
        r2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (radial->r2);

        d = sqrt((x2 - x1)*(x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1)*(y2 - y1));
        if (d > fabs(r2 - r1)) {
            return FALSE;
        }
    }

    surface->ps_level_used = CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_3;

    return TRUE;
}

static cairo_bool_t
pattern_supported (cairo_ps_surface_t *surface, cairo_pattern_t *pattern)
{
    if (pattern->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_SOLID)
        return TRUE;

    if (pattern->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_LINEAR ||
        pattern->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_RADIAL)
        return _gradient_pattern_supported (surface, pattern);

    if (pattern->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_SURFACE)
        return surface_pattern_supported ((cairo_surface_pattern_t *) pattern);

    return FALSE;
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_analyze_operation (cairo_ps_surface_t    *surface,
                                     cairo_operator_t       op,
                                     cairo_pattern_t       *pattern)
{
    if (surface->force_fallbacks && surface->paginated_mode == CAIRO_PAGINATED_MODE_ANALYZE)
        return CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED;

    if (! pattern_supported (surface, pattern))
        return CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED;

    if (!(op == CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE ||
          op == CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER))
        return CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED;

    if (pattern->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_SURFACE) {
        cairo_surface_pattern_t *surface_pattern = (cairo_surface_pattern_t *) pattern;

        if ( _cairo_surface_is_meta (surface_pattern->surface))
            return CAIRO_INT_STATUS_ANALYZE_META_SURFACE_PATTERN;
    }

    if (op == CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE)
        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

    /* CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER is only supported for opaque patterns. If
     * the pattern contains transparency, we return
     * CAIRO_INT_STATUS_FLATTEN_TRANSPARENCY to the analysis
     * surface. If the analysis surface determines that there is
     * anything drawn under this operation, a fallback image will be
     * used. Otherwise the operation will be replayed during the
     * render stage and we blend the transparency into the white
     * background to convert the pattern to opaque.
     */

    if (pattern->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_SURFACE) {
        cairo_surface_pattern_t *surface_pattern = (cairo_surface_pattern_t *) pattern;

        return _cairo_ps_surface_analyze_surface_pattern_transparency (surface,
                                                                       surface_pattern);
    }

    if (_cairo_pattern_is_opaque (pattern))
        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    else
        return CAIRO_INT_STATUS_FLATTEN_TRANSPARENCY;
}

static cairo_bool_t
_cairo_ps_surface_operation_supported (cairo_ps_surface_t    *surface,
                                       cairo_operator_t       op,
                                       cairo_pattern_t       *pattern)
{
    if (_cairo_ps_surface_analyze_operation (surface, op, pattern) != CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED)
        return TRUE;
    else
        return FALSE;
}

/* The "standard" implementation limit for PostScript string sizes is
 * 65535 characters (see PostScript Language Reference, Appendix
 * B). We go one short of that because we sometimes need two
 * characters in a string to represent a single ASCII85 byte, (for the
 * escape sequences "\\", "\(", and "\)") and we must not split these
 * across two strings. So we'd be in trouble if we went right to the
 * limit and one of these escape sequences just happened to land at
 * the end.
 */
#define STRING_ARRAY_MAX_STRING_SIZE (65535-1)
#define STRING_ARRAY_MAX_COLUMN      72

typedef struct _string_array_stream {
    cairo_output_stream_t base;
    cairo_output_stream_t *output;
    int column;
    int string_size;
    cairo_bool_t use_strings;
} string_array_stream_t;

static cairo_status_t
_string_array_stream_write (cairo_output_stream_t *base,
                            const unsigned char   *data,
                            unsigned int           length)
{
    string_array_stream_t *stream = (string_array_stream_t *) base;
    unsigned char c;
    const unsigned char backslash = '\\';

    if (length == 0)
        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

    while (length--) {
        if (stream->string_size == 0 && stream->use_strings) {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream->output, "(");
            stream->column++;
        }

        c = *data++;
        if (stream->use_strings) {
            switch (c) {
            case '\\':
            case '(':
            case ')':
                _cairo_output_stream_write (stream->output, &backslash, 1);
                stream->column++;
                stream->string_size++;
                break;
            }
        }
        /* Have to be careful to never split the final ~> sequence. */
        if (c == '~') {
            _cairo_output_stream_write (stream->output, &c, 1);
            stream->column++;
            stream->string_size++;

            if (length-- == 0)
                break;

            c = *data++;
        }
        _cairo_output_stream_write (stream->output, &c, 1);
        stream->column++;
        stream->string_size++;

        if (stream->use_strings &&
            stream->string_size >= STRING_ARRAY_MAX_STRING_SIZE)
        {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream->output, ")\n");
            stream->string_size = 0;
            stream->column = 0;
        }
        if (stream->column >= STRING_ARRAY_MAX_COLUMN) {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream->output, "\n ");
            stream->string_size += 2;
            stream->column = 1;
        }
    }

    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (stream->output);
}

static cairo_status_t
_string_array_stream_close (cairo_output_stream_t *base)
{
    cairo_status_t status;
    string_array_stream_t *stream = (string_array_stream_t *) base;

    if (stream->use_strings)
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream->output, ")\n");

    status = _cairo_output_stream_get_status (stream->output);

    return status;
}

/* A string_array_stream wraps an existing output stream. It takes the
 * data provided to it and output one or more consecutive string
 * objects, each within the standard PostScript implementation limit
 * of 65k characters.
 *
 * The strings are each separated by a space character for easy
 * inclusion within an array object, (but the array delimiters are not
 * added by the string_array_stream).
 *
 * The string array stream is also careful to wrap the output within
 * STRING_ARRAY_MAX_COLUMN columns (+/- 1). The stream also adds
 * necessary escaping for special characters within a string,
 * (specifically '\', '(', and ')').
 */
static cairo_output_stream_t *
_string_array_stream_create (cairo_output_stream_t *output)
{
    string_array_stream_t *stream;

    stream = malloc (sizeof (string_array_stream_t));
    if (stream == NULL) {
        _cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
        return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_init (&stream->base,
                               _string_array_stream_write,
                               _string_array_stream_close);
    stream->output = output;
    stream->column = 0;
    stream->string_size = 0;
    stream->use_strings = TRUE;

    return &stream->base;
}

/* A base85_array_stream wraps an existing output stream. It wraps the
 * output within STRING_ARRAY_MAX_COLUMN columns (+/- 1). The output
 * is not enclosed in strings like string_array_stream.
 */
static cairo_output_stream_t *
_base85_array_stream_create (cairo_output_stream_t *output)
{
    string_array_stream_t *stream;

    stream = malloc (sizeof (string_array_stream_t));
    if (stream == NULL) {
        _cairo_error_throw (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
        return (cairo_output_stream_t *) &_cairo_output_stream_nil;
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_init (&stream->base,
                               _string_array_stream_write,
                               _string_array_stream_close);
    stream->output = output;
    stream->column = 0;
    stream->string_size = 0;
    stream->use_strings = FALSE;

    return &stream->base;
}


/* PS Output - this section handles output of the parts of the meta
 * surface we can render natively in PS. */

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_flatten_image_transparency (cairo_ps_surface_t    *surface,
                                              cairo_image_surface_t *image,
                                              cairo_image_surface_t **opaque_image)
{
    const cairo_color_t *background_color;
    cairo_surface_t *opaque;
    cairo_surface_pattern_t pattern;
    cairo_status_t status;

    if (surface->content == CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA)
        background_color = CAIRO_COLOR_WHITE;
    else
        background_color = CAIRO_COLOR_BLACK;

    opaque = cairo_image_surface_create (CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24,
                                         image->width,
                                         image->height);
    if (opaque->status)
        return opaque->status;

    _cairo_pattern_init_for_surface (&pattern, &image->base);

    status = _cairo_surface_fill_rectangle (opaque,
                                            CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE,
                                            background_color,
                                            0, 0,
                                            image->width, image->height);
    if (status)
        goto fail;

    status = _cairo_surface_composite (CAIRO_OPERATOR_OVER,
                                       &pattern.base,
                                       NULL,
                                       opaque,
                                       0, 0,
                                       0, 0,
                                       0, 0,
                                       image->width,
                                       image->height);
    if (status)
        goto fail;

    _cairo_pattern_fini (&pattern.base);
    *opaque_image = (cairo_image_surface_t *) opaque;

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

fail:
    _cairo_pattern_fini (&pattern.base);
    cairo_surface_destroy (opaque);

    return status;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_base85_string (cairo_ps_surface_t    *surface,
                                      unsigned char         *data,
                                      unsigned long          length,
                                      cairo_bool_t           use_strings)
{
    cairo_output_stream_t *base85_stream, *string_array_stream;
    cairo_status_t status, status2;

    if (use_strings)
        string_array_stream = _string_array_stream_create (surface->stream);
    else
        string_array_stream = _base85_array_stream_create (surface->stream);

    status = _cairo_output_stream_get_status (string_array_stream);
    if (status)
        return _cairo_output_stream_destroy (string_array_stream);

    base85_stream = _cairo_base85_stream_create (string_array_stream);
    status = _cairo_output_stream_get_status (base85_stream);
    if (status) {
        status2 = _cairo_output_stream_destroy (string_array_stream);
        return _cairo_output_stream_destroy (base85_stream);
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_write (base85_stream, data, length);

    status = _cairo_output_stream_destroy (base85_stream);
    status2 = _cairo_output_stream_destroy (string_array_stream);
    if (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS)
        status = status2;

    return status;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_image (cairo_ps_surface_t    *surface,
                              cairo_image_surface_t *image,
                              cairo_operator_t       op)
{
    cairo_status_t status;
    unsigned char *data, *data_compressed;
    unsigned long data_size, data_compressed_size;
    cairo_image_surface_t *opaque_image = NULL;
    int x, y, i;
    cairo_image_transparency_t transparency;
    cairo_bool_t use_mask;
    uint32_t *pixel;
    int bit;

    if (image->base.status)
        return image->base.status;

    transparency = _cairo_image_analyze_transparency (image);

    /* PostScript can not represent the alpha channel, so we blend the
       current image over a white (or black for CONTENT_COLOR
       surfaces) RGB surface to eliminate it. */

    if (op == CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE ||
        transparency == CAIRO_IMAGE_HAS_ALPHA ||
        (transparency == CAIRO_IMAGE_HAS_BILEVEL_ALPHA &&
         surface->ps_level == CAIRO_PS_LEVEL_2))
    {
        status = _cairo_ps_surface_flatten_image_transparency (surface,
                                                               image,
                                                               &opaque_image);
        if (status)
            return status;

        use_mask = FALSE;
    } else if (transparency == CAIRO_IMAGE_IS_OPAQUE) {
        opaque_image = image;
        use_mask = FALSE;
    } else {
        use_mask = TRUE;
    }

    if (use_mask) {
        /* Type 2 (mask and image interleaved) has the mask and image
         * samples interleaved by row.  The mask row is first, one bit
         * per pixel with (bit 7 first). The row is padded to byte
         * boundaries. The image data is 3 bytes per pixel RGB
         * format. */
        data_size = image->height * ((image->width + 7)/8 + 3*image->width);
    } else {
        data_size = image->height * image->width * 3;
    }
    data = malloc (data_size);
    if (data == NULL) {
        status = _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
        goto bail1;
    }

    if (use_mask) {
        i = 0;
        for (y = 0; y < image->height; y++) {
            /* mask row */
            pixel = (uint32_t *) (image->data + y * image->stride);
            bit = 7;
            for (x = 0; x < image->width; x++, pixel++) {
                if (bit == 7)
                    data[i] = 0;
                if (((*pixel & 0xff000000) >> 24) > 0x80)
                    data[i] |= (1 << bit);
                bit--;
                if (bit < 0) {
                    bit = 7;
                    i++;
                }
            }
            if (bit != 7)
                i++;

            /* image row*/
            pixel = (uint32_t *) (image->data + y * image->stride);
            for (x = 0; x < image->width; x++, pixel++) {
                data[i++] = (*pixel & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
                data[i++] = (*pixel & 0x0000ff00) >>  8;
                data[i++] = (*pixel & 0x000000ff) >>  0;
            }
        }
    } else {
        i = 0;
        for (y = 0; y < opaque_image->height; y++) {
            pixel = (uint32_t *) (opaque_image->data + y * opaque_image->stride);
            for (x = 0; x < opaque_image->width; x++, pixel++) {
                data[i++] = (*pixel & 0x00ff0000) >> 16;
                data[i++] = (*pixel & 0x0000ff00) >>  8;
                data[i++] = (*pixel & 0x000000ff) >>  0;
            }
        }
    }

    /* XXX: Should fix cairo-lzw to provide a stream-based interface
     * instead. */
    data_compressed_size = data_size;
    data_compressed = _cairo_lzw_compress (data, &data_compressed_size);
    if (data_compressed == NULL) {
        status = _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);
        goto bail2;
    }

    if (surface->use_string_datasource) {
        /* Emit the image data as a base85-encoded string which will
         * be used as the data source for the image operator later. */
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "/CairoImageData [\n");

        status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_base85_string (surface,
                                                       data_compressed,
                                                       data_compressed_size,
                                                       TRUE);
        if (status)
            goto bail3;

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "] def\n");
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "/CairoImageDataIndex 0 def\n");
    }

    if (use_mask) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "/DeviceRGB setcolorspace\n"
                                     "5 dict dup begin\n"
                                     "  /ImageType 3 def\n"
                                     "  /InterleaveType 2 def\n"
                                     "  /DataDict 8 dict def\n"
                                     "    DataDict begin\n"
                                     "    /ImageType 1 def\n"
                                     "    /Width %d def\n"
                                     "    /Height %d def\n"
                                     "    /BitsPerComponent 8 def\n"
                                     "    /Decode [ 0 1 0 1 0 1 ] def\n",
                                     image->width,
                                     image->height);

        if (surface->use_string_datasource) {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                         "    /DataSource {\n"
                                         "      CairoImageData CairoImageDataIndex get\n"
                                         "      /CairoImageDataIndex CairoImageDataIndex 1 add def\n"
                                         "      CairoImageDataIndex CairoImageData length 1 sub gt\n"
                                         "       { /CairoImageDataIndex 0 def } if\n"
                                         "    } /ASCII85Decode filter /LZWDecode filter def\n");
        } else {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                         "    /DataSource currentfile /ASCII85Decode filter /LZWDecode filter def\n");
        }

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "    /ImageMatrix [ 1 0 0 -1 0 %d ] def\n"
                                     "  end\n"
                                     "  /MaskDict 8 dict def\n"
                                     "     MaskDict begin\n"
                                     "    /ImageType 1 def\n"
                                     "    /Width %d def\n"
                                     "    /Height %d def\n"
                                     "    /BitsPerComponent 1 def\n"
                                     "    /Decode [ 1 0 ] def\n"
                                     "    /ImageMatrix [ 1 0 0 -1 0 %d ] def\n"
                                     "  end\n"
                                     "end\n"
                                     "image\n",
                                     image->height,
                                     image->width,
                                     image->height,
                                     image->height);
    } else {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "/DeviceRGB setcolorspace\n"
                                     "8 dict dup begin\n"
                                     "  /ImageType 1 def\n"
                                     "  /Width %d def\n"
                                     "  /Height %d def\n"
                                     "  /BitsPerComponent 8 def\n"
                                     "  /Decode [ 0 1 0 1 0 1 ] def\n",
                                     opaque_image->width,
                                     opaque_image->height);
        if (surface->use_string_datasource) {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                         "  /DataSource {\n"
                                         "    CairoImageData CairoImageDataIndex get\n"
                                         "    /CairoImageDataIndex CairoImageDataIndex 1 add def\n"
                                         "    CairoImageDataIndex CairoImageData length 1 sub gt\n"
                                         "     { /CairoImageDataIndex 0 def } if\n"
                                         "  } /ASCII85Decode filter /LZWDecode filter def\n");
        } else {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                         "  /DataSource currentfile /ASCII85Decode filter /LZWDecode filter def\n");
        }

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "  /ImageMatrix [ 1 0 0 -1 0 %d ] def\n"
                                     "end\n"
                                     "image\n",
                                     opaque_image->height);
    }

    if (!surface->use_string_datasource) {
        /* Emit the image data as a base85-encoded string which will
         * be used as the data source for the image operator. */
        status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_base85_string (surface,
                                                       data_compressed,
                                                       data_compressed_size,
                                                       FALSE);
    } else {
        status = CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

bail3:
    free (data_compressed);

bail2:
    free (data);

bail1:
    if (!use_mask && opaque_image != image)
        cairo_surface_destroy (&opaque_image->base);

    return status;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_meta_surface (cairo_ps_surface_t  *surface,
                                     cairo_surface_t      *meta_surface)
{
    double old_width, old_height;
    cairo_matrix_t old_cairo_to_ps;
    cairo_content_t old_content;
    cairo_clip_t *old_clip;
    cairo_rectangle_int_t meta_extents;
    cairo_status_t status;

    status = _cairo_surface_get_extents (meta_surface, &meta_extents);
    if (status)
        return status;

    old_content = surface->content;
    old_width = surface->width;
    old_height = surface->height;
    old_cairo_to_ps = surface->cairo_to_ps;
    old_clip = _cairo_surface_get_clip (&surface->base);
    surface->width = meta_extents.width;
    surface->height = meta_extents.height;
    surface->current_pattern_is_solid_color = FALSE;
    _cairo_pdf_operators_reset (&surface->pdf_operators);
    cairo_matrix_init (&surface->cairo_to_ps, 1, 0, 0, -1, 0, surface->height);
    _cairo_pdf_operators_set_cairo_to_pdf_matrix (&surface->pdf_operators,
                                                  &surface->cairo_to_ps);
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "  q\n"
                                 "  0 0 %f %f rectclip\n",
                                 surface->width,
                                 surface->height);

    if (cairo_surface_get_content (meta_surface) == CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR) {
        surface->content = CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR;
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "  0 g 0 0 %f %f rectfill\n",
                                     surface->width,
                                     surface->height);
    }

    status = _cairo_meta_surface_replay_region (meta_surface, &surface->base,
                                                CAIRO_META_REGION_NATIVE);
    assert (status != CAIRO_INT_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED);
    if (status)
        return status;

    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush (&surface->pdf_operators);
    if (status)
        return status;

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "  Q\n");
    surface->content = old_content;
    surface->width = old_width;
    surface->height = old_height;
    surface->current_pattern_is_solid_color = FALSE;
    _cairo_pdf_operators_reset (&surface->pdf_operators);
    surface->cairo_to_ps = old_cairo_to_ps;
    status = _cairo_surface_set_clip (&surface->base, old_clip);
    if (status)
        return status;

    _cairo_pdf_operators_set_cairo_to_pdf_matrix (&surface->pdf_operators,
                                                  &surface->cairo_to_ps);

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static void
_cairo_ps_surface_flatten_transparency (cairo_ps_surface_t      *surface,
                                        const cairo_color_t     *color,
                                        double                  *red,
                                        double                  *green,
                                        double                  *blue)
{
    *red   = color->red;
    *green = color->green;
    *blue  = color->blue;

    if (! CAIRO_COLOR_IS_OPAQUE (color)) {
        *red   *= color->alpha;
        *green *= color->alpha;
        *blue  *= color->alpha;
        if (surface->content == CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA) {
            double one_minus_alpha = 1. - color->alpha;
            *red   += one_minus_alpha;
            *green += one_minus_alpha;
            *blue  += one_minus_alpha;
        }
    }
}

static void
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_solid_pattern (cairo_ps_surface_t    *surface,
                                      cairo_solid_pattern_t *pattern)
{
    double red, green, blue;

    _cairo_ps_surface_flatten_transparency (surface, &pattern->color, &red, &green, &blue);

    if (color_is_gray (red, green, blue))
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "%f g\n",
                                     red);
    else
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "%f %f %f rg\n",
                                     red, green, blue);
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_acquire_surface (cairo_ps_surface_t      *surface,
                                   cairo_surface_pattern_t *pattern,
                                   int                     *width,
                                   int                     *height,
                                   cairo_operator_t         op)
{
    cairo_status_t          status;

    if (_cairo_surface_is_meta (pattern->surface)) {
        cairo_surface_t *meta_surface = pattern->surface;
        cairo_rectangle_int_t pattern_extents;

        status = _cairo_surface_get_extents (meta_surface, &pattern_extents);
        if (status)
            return status;

        *width = pattern_extents.width;
        *height = pattern_extents.height;
    } else {
        status = _cairo_surface_acquire_source_image (pattern->surface,
                                                      &surface->image,
                                                      &surface->image_extra);
        if (status)
            return status;

        *width = surface->image->width;
        *height = surface->image->height;
    }

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_surface (cairo_ps_surface_t      *surface,
                                cairo_surface_pattern_t *pattern,
                                cairo_operator_t         op)
{
    cairo_status_t status;

    if (_cairo_surface_is_meta (pattern->surface)) {
        cairo_surface_t *meta_surface = pattern->surface;

        status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_meta_surface (surface,
                                                      meta_surface);
    } else {
        status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_image (surface, surface->image, op);
    }

    return status;
}

static void
_cairo_ps_surface_release_surface (cairo_ps_surface_t      *surface,
                                   cairo_surface_pattern_t *pattern)
{
    if (!_cairo_surface_is_meta (pattern->surface))
        _cairo_surface_release_source_image (pattern->surface, surface->image,
                                             surface->image_extra);
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_paint_surface (cairo_ps_surface_t      *surface,
                                 cairo_surface_pattern_t *pattern,
                                 cairo_operator_t         op)
{
    cairo_status_t status;
    int width, height;
    cairo_matrix_t cairo_p2d, ps_p2d;

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_acquire_surface (surface,
                                                pattern,
                                                &width,
                                                &height,
                                                op);
    if (status)
        return status;

    cairo_p2d = pattern->base.matrix;

    if (surface->paginated_mode == CAIRO_PAGINATED_MODE_FALLBACK) {
        double scale = cairo_p2d.xx;

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "%% Fallback Image: x=%f, y=%f, w=%d, h=%d res=%fdpi size=%ld\n",
                                     -cairo_p2d.x0/scale,
                                     -cairo_p2d.y0/scale,
                                     (int)(width/scale),
                                     (int)(height/scale),
                                     scale*72,
                                     (long)width*height*3);
    } else {
        if (op == CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE) {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                         "%d g 0 0 %f %f rectfill\n",
                                         surface->content == CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR ? 0 : 1,
                                         surface->width,
                                         surface->height);
        }
    }

    status = cairo_matrix_invert (&cairo_p2d);
    /* cairo_pattern_set_matrix ensures the matrix is invertible */
    assert (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS);

    ps_p2d = surface->cairo_to_ps;
    cairo_matrix_multiply (&ps_p2d, &cairo_p2d, &ps_p2d);
    cairo_matrix_translate (&ps_p2d, 0.0, height);
    cairo_matrix_scale (&ps_p2d, 1.0, -1.0);

    if (! _cairo_matrix_is_identity (&ps_p2d)) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "[ %f %f %f %f %f %f ] concat\n",
                                     ps_p2d.xx, ps_p2d.yx,
                                     ps_p2d.xy, ps_p2d.yy,
                                     ps_p2d.x0, ps_p2d.y0);
    }

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_surface (surface, pattern, op);
    _cairo_ps_surface_release_surface (surface, pattern);

    return status;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_surface_pattern (cairo_ps_surface_t      *surface,
                                        cairo_surface_pattern_t *pattern,
                                        cairo_operator_t         op)
{
    cairo_status_t status;
    int pattern_width = 0; /* squelch bogus compiler warning */
    int pattern_height = 0; /* squelch bogus compiler warning */
    double xstep, ystep;
    cairo_matrix_t cairo_p2d, ps_p2d;
    cairo_rectangle_int_t surface_extents;
    cairo_bool_t old_use_string_datasource;

    cairo_p2d = pattern->base.matrix;
    status = cairo_matrix_invert (&cairo_p2d);
    /* cairo_pattern_set_matrix ensures the matrix is invertible */
    assert (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS);

    ps_p2d = surface->cairo_to_ps;
    cairo_matrix_multiply (&ps_p2d, &cairo_p2d, &ps_p2d);
    cairo_matrix_translate (&ps_p2d, 0.0, pattern_height);
    cairo_matrix_scale (&ps_p2d, 1.0, -1.0);

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_acquire_surface (surface,
                                                pattern,
                                                &pattern_width,
                                                &pattern_height,
                                                op);
    if (status)
        return status;

    switch (pattern->base.extend) {
        /* We implement EXTEND_PAD like EXTEND_NONE for now */
    case CAIRO_EXTEND_PAD:
    case CAIRO_EXTEND_NONE:
    {
        /* In PS/PDF, (as far as I can tell), all patterns are
         * repeating. So we support cairo's EXTEND_NONE semantics
         * by setting the repeat step size to a size large enough
         * to guarantee that no more than a single occurrence will
         * be visible.
         *
         * First, map the surface extents into pattern space (since
         * xstep and ystep are in pattern space).  Then use an upper
         * bound on the length of the diagonal of the pattern image
         * and the surface as repeat size.  This guarantees to never
         * repeat visibly.
         */
        double x1 = 0.0, y1 = 0.0;
        double x2 = surface->width, y2 = surface->height;
        _cairo_matrix_transform_bounding_box (&pattern->base.matrix,
                                              &x1, &y1, &x2, &y2,
                                              NULL);

        /* Rather than computing precise bounds of the union, just
         * add the surface extents unconditionally. We only
         * required an answer that's large enough, we don't really
         * care if it's not as tight as possible.*/
        xstep = ystep = ceil ((x2 - x1) + (y2 - y1) +
                              pattern_width + pattern_height);
        break;
    }
    case CAIRO_EXTEND_REPEAT:
        xstep = pattern_width;
        ystep = pattern_height;
        break;
    case CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT:
        xstep = pattern_width*2;
        ystep = pattern_height*2;
        break;
        /* All the rest (if any) should have been analyzed away, so these
         * cases should be unreachable. */
    default:
        ASSERT_NOT_REACHED;
        xstep = 0;
        ystep = 0;
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "/CairoPattern {\n");

    old_use_string_datasource = surface->use_string_datasource;
    surface->use_string_datasource = TRUE;
    if (op == CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "%d g 0 0 %f %f rectfill\n",
                                     surface->content == CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR ? 0 : 1,
                                     xstep, ystep);
    }
    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_surface (surface, pattern, op);
    if (status)
        return status;

    surface->use_string_datasource = old_use_string_datasource;
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "} bind def\n");

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "<< /PatternType 1\n"
                                 "   /PaintType 1\n"
                                 "   /TilingType 1\n");
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "   /XStep %f /YStep %f\n",
                                 xstep, ystep);

    if (pattern->base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "   /BBox [0 0 %d %d]\n"
                                     "   /PaintProc {\n"
                                     "      CairoPattern\n"
                                     "      [-1 0 0  1 %d 0] concat CairoPattern\n"
                                     "      [ 1 0 0 -1 0 %d] concat CairoPattern\n"
                                     "      [-1 0 0  1 %d 0] concat CairoPattern\n"
                                     "      CairoPattern\n"
                                     "   } bind\n",
                                     pattern_width*2, pattern_height*2,
                                     pattern_width*2,
                                     pattern_height*2,
                                     pattern_width*2);
    } else {
        if (op == CAIRO_OPERATOR_SOURCE) {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                         "   /BBox [0 0 %f %f]\n",
                                         xstep, ystep);
        } else {
            _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                         "   /BBox [0 0 %d %d]\n",
                                         pattern_width, pattern_height);
        }
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "   /PaintProc { CairoPattern }\n");
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 ">>\n");

    status = _cairo_surface_get_extents (&surface->base, &surface_extents);
    if (status)
        return status;

    cairo_p2d = pattern->base.matrix;
    status = cairo_matrix_invert (&cairo_p2d);
    /* cairo_pattern_set_matrix ensures the matrix is invertible */
    assert (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS);

    cairo_matrix_init_identity (&ps_p2d);
    cairo_matrix_translate (&ps_p2d, 0.0, surface_extents.height);
    cairo_matrix_scale (&ps_p2d, 1.0, -1.0);
    cairo_matrix_multiply (&ps_p2d, &cairo_p2d, &ps_p2d);
    cairo_matrix_translate (&ps_p2d, 0.0, pattern_height);
    cairo_matrix_scale (&ps_p2d, 1.0, -1.0);

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "[ %f %f %f %f %f %f ]\n",
                                 ps_p2d.xx, ps_p2d.yx,
                                 ps_p2d.xy, ps_p2d.yy,
                                 ps_p2d.x0, ps_p2d.y0);
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "makepattern setpattern\n");

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

typedef struct _cairo_ps_color_stop {
    double offset;
    double color[4];
} cairo_ps_color_stop_t;

static void
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_linear_colorgradient (cairo_ps_surface_t     *surface,
                                             cairo_ps_color_stop_t  *stop1,
                                             cairo_ps_color_stop_t  *stop2)
{
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "   << /FunctionType 2\n"
                                 "      /Domain [ 0 1 ]\n"
                                 "      /C0 [ %f %f %f ]\n"
                                 "      /C1 [ %f %f %f ]\n"
                                 "      /N 1\n"
                                 "   >>\n",
                                 stop1->color[0],
                                 stop1->color[1],
                                 stop1->color[2],
                                 stop2->color[0],
                                 stop2->color[1],
                                 stop2->color[2]);
}

static void
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_stitched_colorgradient (cairo_ps_surface_t    *surface,
                                               unsigned int           n_stops,
                                               cairo_ps_color_stop_t  stops[])
{
    unsigned int i;

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "<< /FunctionType 3\n"
                                 "   /Domain [ 0 1 ]\n"
                                 "   /Functions [\n");
    for (i = 0; i < n_stops - 1; i++)
        _cairo_ps_surface_emit_linear_colorgradient (surface, &stops[i], &stops[i+1]);

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "   ]\n");

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "   /Bounds [ ");
    for (i = 1; i < n_stops-1; i++)
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "%f ", stops[i].offset);
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "]\n");

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "   /Encode [ 1 1 %d { pop 0 1 } for ]\n",
                                 n_stops - 1);

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, ">>\n");
}

static void
calc_gradient_color (cairo_ps_color_stop_t *new_stop,
                     cairo_ps_color_stop_t *stop1,
                     cairo_ps_color_stop_t *stop2)
{
    int i;
    double offset = stop1->offset / (stop1->offset + 1.0 - stop2->offset);

    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        new_stop->color[i] = stop1->color[i] + offset*(stop2->color[i] - stop1->color[i]);
}

#define COLOR_STOP_EPSILON 1e-6

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_pattern_stops (cairo_ps_surface_t       *surface,
                                      cairo_gradient_pattern_t *pattern)
{
    cairo_ps_color_stop_t *allstops, *stops;
    unsigned int i, n_stops;

    allstops = _cairo_malloc_ab ((pattern->n_stops + 2), sizeof (cairo_ps_color_stop_t));
    if (allstops == NULL)
        return _cairo_error (CAIRO_STATUS_NO_MEMORY);

    stops = &allstops[1];
    n_stops = pattern->n_stops;

    for (i = 0; i < n_stops; i++) {
        cairo_gradient_stop_t *stop = &pattern->stops[i];

        stops[i].color[0] = stop->color.red;
        stops[i].color[1] = stop->color.green;
        stops[i].color[2] = stop->color.blue;
        stops[i].color[3] = stop->color.alpha;
        stops[i].offset = pattern->stops[i].offset;
    }

    if (pattern->base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REPEAT ||
        pattern->base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT) {
        if (stops[0].offset > COLOR_STOP_EPSILON) {
            if (pattern->base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT)
                memcpy (allstops, stops, sizeof (cairo_ps_color_stop_t));
            else
                calc_gradient_color (&allstops[0], &stops[0], &stops[n_stops-1]);
            stops = allstops;
            n_stops++;
        }
        stops[0].offset = 0.0;

        if (stops[n_stops-1].offset < 1.0 - COLOR_STOP_EPSILON) {
            if (pattern->base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT) {
                memcpy (&stops[n_stops],
                        &stops[n_stops - 1],
                        sizeof (cairo_ps_color_stop_t));
            } else {
                calc_gradient_color (&stops[n_stops], &stops[0], &stops[n_stops-1]);
            }
            n_stops++;
        }
        stops[n_stops-1].offset = 1.0;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < n_stops; i++) {
        double red, green, blue;
        cairo_color_t color;

        _cairo_color_init_rgba (&color,
                                stops[i].color[0],
                                stops[i].color[1],
                                stops[i].color[2],
                                stops[i].color[3]);
        _cairo_ps_surface_flatten_transparency (surface, &color,
                                                &red, &green, &blue);
        stops[i].color[0] = red;
        stops[i].color[1] = green;
        stops[i].color[2] = blue;
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "/CairoFunction\n");
    if (n_stops == 2) {
        /* no need for stitched function */
        _cairo_ps_surface_emit_linear_colorgradient (surface, &stops[0], &stops[1]);
    } else {
        /* multiple stops: stitch. XXX possible optimization: regulary spaced
         * stops do not require stitching. XXX */
        _cairo_ps_surface_emit_stitched_colorgradient (surface, n_stops,stops);
    }
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "def\n");

    free (allstops);

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_repeating_function (cairo_ps_surface_t       *surface,
                                           cairo_gradient_pattern_t *pattern,
                                           int                       begin,
                                           int                       end)
{
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "/CairoFunction\n"
                                 "<< /FunctionType 3\n"
                                 "   /Domain [ %d %d ]\n"
                                 "   /Functions [ %d {CairoFunction} repeat ]\n"
                                 "   /Bounds [ %d 1 %d {} for ]\n",
                                 begin,
                                 end,
                                 end - begin,
                                 begin + 1,
                                 end - 1);

    if (pattern->base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "   /Encode [ %d 1 %d { 2 mod 0 eq {0 1} {1 0} ifelse } for ]\n",
                                     begin,
                                     end - 1);
    } else {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "   /Encode [ %d 1 %d { pop 0 1 } for ]\n",
                                     begin,
                                     end - 1);
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, ">> def\n");

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_linear_pattern (cairo_ps_surface_t     *surface,
                                       cairo_linear_pattern_t *pattern)
{
    double x1, y1, x2, y2;
    double _x1, _y1, _x2, _y2;
    cairo_matrix_t pat_to_ps;
    cairo_extend_t extend;
    cairo_status_t status;
    cairo_gradient_pattern_t *gradient = &pattern->base;
    double first_stop, last_stop;
    int repeat_begin = 0, repeat_end = 1;

    if (pattern->base.n_stops == 0)
        return CAIRO_INT_STATUS_NOTHING_TO_DO;

    if (pattern->base.n_stops == 1) {
        cairo_solid_pattern_t solid;

        _cairo_pattern_init_solid (&solid,
                                   &pattern->base.stops[0].color,
                                   CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA);
        _cairo_ps_surface_emit_solid_pattern (surface,
                                              &solid);
        _cairo_pattern_fini (&solid.base);

        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

    extend = cairo_pattern_get_extend (&pattern->base.base);

    pat_to_ps = pattern->base.base.matrix;
    status = cairo_matrix_invert (&pat_to_ps);
    /* cairo_pattern_set_matrix ensures the matrix is invertible */
    assert (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS);

    cairo_matrix_multiply (&pat_to_ps, &pat_to_ps, &surface->cairo_to_ps);
    first_stop = gradient->stops[0].offset;
    last_stop = gradient->stops[gradient->n_stops - 1].offset;

    if (pattern->base.base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REPEAT ||
        pattern->base.base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT) {
        double dx, dy;
        int x_rep = 0, y_rep = 0;

        x1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->p1.x);
        y1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->p1.y);
        cairo_matrix_transform_point (&pat_to_ps, &x1, &y1);

        x2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->p2.x);
        y2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->p2.y);
        cairo_matrix_transform_point (&pat_to_ps, &x2, &y2);

        dx = fabs (x2 - x1);
        dy = fabs (y2 - y1);
        if (dx > 1e-6)
            x_rep = (int) ceil (surface->width/dx);
        if (dy > 1e-6)
            y_rep = (int) ceil (surface->height/dy);

        repeat_end = MAX (x_rep, y_rep);
        repeat_begin = -repeat_end;
        first_stop = repeat_begin;
        last_stop = repeat_end;
    }

    /* PS requires the first and last stop to be the same as the line
     * coordinates. For repeating patterns this moves the line
     * coordinates out to the begin/end of the repeating function. For
     * non repeating patterns this may move the line coordinates in if
     * there are not stops at offset 0 and 1. */
    x1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->p1.x);
    y1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->p1.y);
    x2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->p2.x);
    y2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->p2.y);

    _x1 = x1 + (x2 - x1)*first_stop;
    _y1 = y1 + (y2 - y1)*first_stop;
    _x2 = x1 + (x2 - x1)*last_stop;
    _y2 = y1 + (y2 - y1)*last_stop;

    x1 = _x1;
    x2 = _x2;
    y1 = _y1;
    y2 = _y2;

    /* For EXTEND_NONE and EXTEND_PAD if there are only two stops a
     * Type 2 function is used by itself without a stitching
     * function. Type 2 functions always have the domain [0 1] */
    if ((pattern->base.base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_NONE ||
         pattern->base.base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_PAD) &&
        gradient->n_stops == 2) {
        first_stop = 0.0;
        last_stop = 1.0;
    }

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_pattern_stops (surface,
                                                   &pattern->base);
    if (status)
        return status;

    if (pattern->base.base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REPEAT ||
        pattern->base.base.extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_REFLECT) {
        status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_repeating_function (surface,
                                                            &pattern->base,
                                                            repeat_begin,
                                                            repeat_end);
        if (status)
            return status;
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "<< /PatternType 2\n"
                                 "   /Shading\n"
                                 "   << /ShadingType 2\n"
                                 "      /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB\n"
                                 "      /Coords [ %f %f %f %f ]\n"
                                 "      /Domain [ %f %f ]\n"
                                 "      /Function CairoFunction\n",
                                 x1, y1, x2, y2,
                                 first_stop, last_stop);

    if (extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_PAD) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "      /Extend [ true true ]\n");
    } else {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "      /Extend [ false false ]\n");
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "   >>\n"
                                 ">>\n");
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "[ %f %f %f %f %f %f ]\n",
                                 pat_to_ps.xx, pat_to_ps.yx,
                                 pat_to_ps.xy, pat_to_ps.yy,
                                 pat_to_ps.x0, pat_to_ps.y0);
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "makepattern setpattern\n");

    return status;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_radial_pattern (cairo_ps_surface_t     *surface,
                                       cairo_radial_pattern_t *pattern)
{
    double x1, y1, x2, y2, r1, r2;
    cairo_matrix_t pat_to_ps;
    cairo_extend_t extend;
    cairo_status_t status;

    if (pattern->base.n_stops == 0)
        return CAIRO_INT_STATUS_NOTHING_TO_DO;

    if (pattern->base.n_stops == 1) {
        cairo_solid_pattern_t solid;

        _cairo_pattern_init_solid (&solid,
                                   &pattern->base.stops[0].color,
                                   CAIRO_CONTENT_COLOR_ALPHA);
        _cairo_ps_surface_emit_solid_pattern (surface,
                                              &solid);
        _cairo_pattern_fini (&solid.base);

        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

    extend = cairo_pattern_get_extend (&pattern->base.base);

    pat_to_ps = pattern->base.base.matrix;
    status = cairo_matrix_invert (&pat_to_ps);
    /* cairo_pattern_set_matrix ensures the matrix is invertible */
    assert (status == CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS);

    cairo_matrix_multiply (&pat_to_ps, &pat_to_ps, &surface->cairo_to_ps);
    x1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->c1.x);
    y1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->c1.y);
    r1 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->r1);
    x2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->c2.x);
    y2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->c2.y);
    r2 = _cairo_fixed_to_double (pattern->r2);

   status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_pattern_stops (surface, &pattern->base);
   if (status)
      return status;

   _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "<< /PatternType 2\n"
                                 "   /Shading\n"
                                 "   << /ShadingType 3\n"
                                 "      /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB\n"
                                 "      /Coords [ %f %f %f %f %f %f ]\n"
                                 "      /Function CairoFunction\n",
                                 x1, y1, r1, x2, y2, r2);

    if (extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_PAD) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "      /Extend [ true true ]\n");
    } else {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "      /Extend [ false false ]\n");
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "   >>\n"
                                 ">>\n");

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "[ %f %f %f %f %f %f ]\n",
                                 pat_to_ps.xx, pat_to_ps.yx,
                                 pat_to_ps.xy, pat_to_ps.yy,
                                 pat_to_ps.x0, pat_to_ps.y0);
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "makepattern setpattern\n");

    return status;
}

static cairo_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_emit_pattern (cairo_ps_surface_t *surface,
                                cairo_pattern_t *pattern,
                                cairo_operator_t op)
{
    cairo_status_t status;

    if (pattern->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_SOLID) {
        cairo_solid_pattern_t *solid = (cairo_solid_pattern_t *) pattern;

        if (surface->current_pattern_is_solid_color == FALSE ||
            ! _cairo_color_equal (&surface->current_color, &solid->color))
        {
            status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush (&surface->pdf_operators);
            if (status)
                return status;

            _cairo_ps_surface_emit_solid_pattern (surface, (cairo_solid_pattern_t *) pattern);

            surface->current_pattern_is_solid_color = TRUE;
            surface->current_color = solid->color;
        }

        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

    surface->current_pattern_is_solid_color = FALSE;
    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush (&surface->pdf_operators);
    if (status)
            return status;

    switch (pattern->type) {
    case CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_SOLID:

        _cairo_ps_surface_emit_solid_pattern (surface, (cairo_solid_pattern_t *) pattern);
        break;

    case CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_SURFACE:
        status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_surface_pattern (surface,
                                                         (cairo_surface_pattern_t *) pattern,
                                                         op);
        if (status)
            return status;
        break;

    case CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_LINEAR:
        status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_linear_pattern (surface,
                                          (cairo_linear_pattern_t *) pattern);
        if (status)
            return status;
        break;

    case CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_RADIAL:
        status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_radial_pattern (surface,
                                          (cairo_radial_pattern_t *) pattern);
        if (status)
            return status;
        break;
    }

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_intersect_clip_path (void                *abstract_surface,
                                cairo_path_fixed_t *path,
                                cairo_fill_rule_t   fill_rule,
                                double              tolerance,
                                cairo_antialias_t   antialias)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;
    cairo_output_stream_t *stream = surface->stream;
    cairo_status_t status;

    if (surface->paginated_mode == CAIRO_PAGINATED_MODE_ANALYZE)
        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

#if DEBUG_PS
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream,
                                 "%% _cairo_ps_surface_intersect_clip_path\n");
#endif

    if (path == NULL) {
        status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush (&surface->pdf_operators);
        if (status)
            return status;

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "Q q\n");
        surface->current_pattern_is_solid_color = FALSE;
        _cairo_pdf_operators_reset (&surface->pdf_operators);

        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

    return _cairo_pdf_operators_clip (&surface->pdf_operators,
                                      path,
                                      fill_rule);
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_get_extents (void                    *abstract_surface,
                               cairo_rectangle_int_t   *rectangle)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;

    rectangle->x = 0;
    rectangle->y = 0;

    /* XXX: The conversion to integers here is pretty bogus, (not to
     * mention the aribitray limitation of width to a short(!). We
     * may need to come up with a better interface for get_extents.
     */
    rectangle->width  = (int) ceil (surface->width);
    rectangle->height = (int) ceil (surface->height);

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static void
_cairo_ps_surface_get_font_options (void                  *abstract_surface,
                                    cairo_font_options_t  *options)
{
    _cairo_font_options_init_default (options);

    cairo_font_options_set_hint_style (options, CAIRO_HINT_STYLE_NONE);
    cairo_font_options_set_hint_metrics (options, CAIRO_HINT_METRICS_OFF);
    cairo_font_options_set_antialias (options, CAIRO_ANTIALIAS_GRAY);
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_paint (void                   *abstract_surface,
                         cairo_operator_t        op,
                         cairo_pattern_t        *source)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;
    cairo_output_stream_t *stream = surface->stream;
    cairo_rectangle_int_t extents;
    cairo_status_t status;

    if (surface->paginated_mode == CAIRO_PAGINATED_MODE_ANALYZE)
        return _cairo_ps_surface_analyze_operation (surface, op, source);

    assert (_cairo_ps_surface_operation_supported (surface, op, source));

#if DEBUG_PS
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream,
                                 "%% _cairo_ps_surface_paint\n");
#endif

    status = _cairo_surface_get_extents (&surface->base, &extents);
    if (status)
        return status;

    status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush (&surface->pdf_operators);
    if (status)
        return status;

    if (source->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_SURFACE &&
        (source->extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_NONE ||
         source->extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_PAD))
    {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "q 0 0 %d %d rectclip\n",
                                     extents.width,
                                     extents.height);

        status = _cairo_ps_surface_paint_surface (surface,
                                                 (cairo_surface_pattern_t *) source,
                                                 op);
        if (status)
            return status;

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "Q\n");
    } else {
        status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_pattern (surface, source, op);
        if (status == CAIRO_INT_STATUS_NOTHING_TO_DO)
            return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

        if (status)
            return status;

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (stream, "0 0 %d %d rectfill\n",
                                     extents.width,
                                     extents.height);
    }

    return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_stroke (void                  *abstract_surface,
                          cairo_operator_t       op,
                          cairo_pattern_t       *source,
                          cairo_path_fixed_t    *path,
                          cairo_stroke_style_t  *style,
                          cairo_matrix_t        *ctm,
                          cairo_matrix_t        *ctm_inverse,
                          double                 tolerance,
                          cairo_antialias_t      antialias)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;
    cairo_int_status_t status;

    if (surface->paginated_mode == CAIRO_PAGINATED_MODE_ANALYZE)
        return _cairo_ps_surface_analyze_operation (surface, op, source);

    assert (_cairo_ps_surface_operation_supported (surface, op, source));

#if DEBUG_PS
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "%% _cairo_ps_surface_stroke\n");
#endif

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_pattern (surface, source, op);
    if (status == CAIRO_INT_STATUS_NOTHING_TO_DO)
        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

    return _cairo_pdf_operators_stroke (&surface->pdf_operators,
                                        path,
                                        style,
                                        ctm,
                                        ctm_inverse);
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_fill (void            *abstract_surface,
                 cairo_operator_t        op,
                 cairo_pattern_t        *source,
                 cairo_path_fixed_t     *path,
                 cairo_fill_rule_t       fill_rule,
                 double                  tolerance,
                 cairo_antialias_t       antialias)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;
    cairo_int_status_t status;

    if (surface->paginated_mode == CAIRO_PAGINATED_MODE_ANALYZE)
        return _cairo_ps_surface_analyze_operation (surface, op, source);

    assert (_cairo_ps_surface_operation_supported (surface, op, source));

#if DEBUG_PS
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "%% _cairo_ps_surface_fill\n");
#endif

    if (source->type == CAIRO_PATTERN_TYPE_SURFACE &&
        (source->extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_NONE ||
         source->extend == CAIRO_EXTEND_PAD))
    {
        status = _cairo_pdf_operators_flush (&surface->pdf_operators);
        if (status)
            return status;

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "q\n");

        status =  _cairo_pdf_operators_clip (&surface->pdf_operators,
                                             path,
                                             fill_rule);
        if (status)
            return status;

        status = _cairo_ps_surface_paint_surface (surface,
                                                 (cairo_surface_pattern_t *) source,
                                                 op);
        if (status)
            return status;

        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream, "Q\n");
        _cairo_pdf_operators_reset (&surface->pdf_operators);
    } else {
        status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_pattern (surface, source, op);
        if (status == CAIRO_INT_STATUS_NOTHING_TO_DO)
            return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

        if (status)
            return status;

        status = _cairo_pdf_operators_fill (&surface->pdf_operators,
                                            path,
                                            fill_rule);
    }

    return status;
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_show_glyphs (void                  *abstract_surface,
                               cairo_operator_t       op,
                               cairo_pattern_t       *source,
                               cairo_glyph_t         *glyphs,
                               int                    num_glyphs,
                               cairo_scaled_font_t   *scaled_font,
                               int                   *remaining_glyphs)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;
    cairo_status_t status;

    if (surface->paginated_mode == CAIRO_PAGINATED_MODE_ANALYZE)
        return _cairo_ps_surface_analyze_operation (surface, op, source);

    assert (_cairo_ps_surface_operation_supported (surface, op, source));

#if DEBUG_PS
    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "%% _cairo_ps_surface_show_glyphs\n");
#endif

    if (num_glyphs <= 0)
        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

    status = _cairo_ps_surface_emit_pattern (surface, source, op);
    if (status == CAIRO_INT_STATUS_NOTHING_TO_DO)
        return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;

    if (status)
        return status;

    return _cairo_pdf_operators_show_text_glyphs (&surface->pdf_operators,
                                                  NULL, 0,
                                                  glyphs, num_glyphs,
                                                  NULL, 0,
                                                  FALSE,
                                                  scaled_font);
}

static void
_cairo_ps_surface_set_paginated_mode (void                      *abstract_surface,
                                      cairo_paginated_mode_t     paginated_mode)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;

    surface->paginated_mode = paginated_mode;
}

static cairo_int_status_t
_cairo_ps_surface_set_bounding_box (void                *abstract_surface,
                                    cairo_box_t         *bbox)
{
    cairo_ps_surface_t *surface = abstract_surface;
    int i, num_comments;
    char **comments;
    int x1, y1, x2, y2;

    if (surface->eps) {
        x1 = (int) floor (_cairo_fixed_to_double (bbox->p1.x));
        y1 = (int) floor (surface->height - _cairo_fixed_to_double (bbox->p2.y));
        x2 = (int) ceil (_cairo_fixed_to_double (bbox->p2.x));
        y2 = (int) ceil (surface->height - _cairo_fixed_to_double (bbox->p1.y));
    } else {
        x1 = 0;
        y1 = 0;
        x2 = (int) ceil (surface->width);
        y2 = (int) ceil (surface->height);
    }

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "%%%%Page: %d %d\n",
                                 surface->num_pages,
                                 surface->num_pages);

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "%%%%BeginPageSetup\n");

    num_comments = _cairo_array_num_elements (&surface->dsc_page_setup_comments);
    comments = _cairo_array_index (&surface->dsc_page_setup_comments, 0);
    for (i = 0; i < num_comments; i++) {
        _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                     "%s\n", comments[i]);
        free (comments[i]);
        comments[i] = NULL;
    }
    _cairo_array_truncate (&surface->dsc_page_setup_comments, 0);

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "%%%%PageBoundingBox: %d %d %d %d\n",
                                 x1, y1, x2, y2);

    _cairo_output_stream_printf (surface->stream,
                                 "%%%%EndPageSetup\n"
                                 "q\n");

    if (surface->num_pages == 1) {
        surface->bbox_x1 = x1;
        surface->bbox_y1 = y1;
        surface->bbox_x2 = x2;
        surface->bbox_y2 = y2;
    } else {
        if (x1 < surface->bbox_x1)
            surface->bbox_x1 = x1;
        if (y1 < surface->bbox_y1)
            surface->bbox_y1 = y1;
        if (x2 > surface->bbox_x2)
            surface->bbox_x2 = x2;
        if (y2 > surface->bbox_y2)
            surface->bbox_y2 = y2;
    }
    surface->current_pattern_is_solid_color = FALSE;
    _cairo_pdf_operators_reset (&surface->pdf_operators);

    return _cairo_output_stream_get_status (surface->stream);
}

static cairo_bool_t
_cairo_ps_surface_supports_fine_grained_fallbacks (void     *abstract_surface)
{
    return TRUE;
}

static const cairo_surface_backend_t cairo_ps_surface_backend = {
    CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_PS,
    _cairo_ps_surface_create_similar,
    _cairo_ps_surface_finish,
    NULL, /* acquire_source_image */
    NULL, /* release_source_image */
    NULL, /* acquire_dest_image */
    NULL, /* release_dest_image */
    NULL, /* clone_similar */
    NULL, /* composite */
    NULL, /* fill_rectangles */
    NULL, /* composite_trapezoids */
    NULL, /* cairo_ps_surface_copy_page */
    _cairo_ps_surface_show_page,
    NULL, /* set_clip_region */
    _cairo_ps_surface_intersect_clip_path,
    _cairo_ps_surface_get_extents,
    NULL, /* old_show_glyphs */
    _cairo_ps_surface_get_font_options,
    NULL, /* flush */
    NULL, /* mark_dirty_rectangle */
    NULL, /* scaled_font_fini */
    NULL, /* scaled_glyph_fini */

    /* Here are the drawing functions */

    _cairo_ps_surface_paint, /* paint */
    NULL, /* mask */
    _cairo_ps_surface_stroke,
    _cairo_ps_surface_fill,
    _cairo_ps_surface_show_glyphs,
    NULL, /* snapshot */
};

static const cairo_paginated_surface_backend_t cairo_ps_surface_paginated_backend = {
    _cairo_ps_surface_start_page,
    _cairo_ps_surface_set_paginated_mode,
    _cairo_ps_surface_set_bounding_box,
    NULL, /* _cairo_ps_surface_has_fallback_images, */
    _cairo_ps_surface_supports_fine_grained_fallbacks,
};