1 EAP with MD5-Challenge and SRP-SHA1 support
2 by James Carlson, Sun Microsystems
3 Version 2, September 22nd, 2002
8 The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP; RFC 2284) is a
9 security protocol that can be used with PPP. It provides a means
10 to plug in multiple optional authentication methods.
12 This implementation includes the required default MD5-Challenge
13 method, which is similar to CHAP (RFC 1994), as well as the new
14 SRP-SHA1 method. This latter method relies on an exchange that is
15 not vulnerable to dictionary attacks (as is CHAP), does not
16 require the server to keep a cleartext copy of the secret (as in
17 CHAP), supports identity privacy, and produces a temporary shared
18 key that could be used for data encryption.
20 The SRP-SHA1 method is based on draft-ietf-pppext-eap-srp-03.txt,
25 Two other packages are required first. Download and install
26 OpenSSL and Thomas Wu's SRP implementation.
28 http://www.openssl.org/ (or ftp://ftp.openssl.org/source/)
29 http://srp.stanford.edu/
31 Follow the directions in each package to install the SSL and SRP
32 libraries. Once SRP is installed, you may run tconf as root to
33 create known fields, if desired. (This step is not required.)
35 3. Installing the patch
37 The EAP-SRP patch described here is integrated into this version
38 of pppd. The following patch may be used with older pppd sources:
40 ftp://playground.sun.com/carlsonj/eap/ppp-2.4.1-eap-1.tar.gz
42 Configure, compile, and install as root. You may want to edit
43 pppd/Makefile after configuring to enable or disable optional
51 If you use csh or tcsh, run "rehash" to pick up the new commands.
53 If you're using Solaris, and you run into trouble with the
54 pseudonym feature on the server side ("no DES here" shows in the
55 log file), make sure that you have the "domestic" versions of the
56 DES libraries linked. You should see "crypt_d" in "ldd
57 /usr/local/bin/pppd". If you see "crypt_i" instead, then make
58 sure that /usr/lib/libcrypt.* links to /usr/lib/libcrypt_d.*. (If
59 you have the international version of Solaris, then you won't have
60 crypt_d. You might want to find an alternative DES library.)
64 On the EAP SRP-SHA1 client side, access to the cleartext secret is
65 required. This can be done in two ways:
67 - Enter the client name, server name, and password in the
68 /etc/ppp/srp-secrets file. This file has the same format as
69 the existing chap-secrets and pap-secrets files.
71 clientname servername "secret here"
73 - Use the "password" option in any of the standard
74 configuration files (or the command line) to specify the
77 password "secret here"
79 On the EAP SRP-SHA1 server side, a secret verifier is required.
80 This is a one-way hash of the client's name and password. To
81 generate this value, run the srp-entry program (see srp-entry(8)).
82 This program prompts for the client name and the passphrase (the
83 secret). The output will be an entry, such as the following,
84 suitable for use in the server's srp-secrets file. Note that if
85 this is transferred by cut-and-paste, the entry must be a single
86 line of text in the file.
88 pppuser srpserver 0:LFDpwg4HBLi4/kWByzbZpW6pE95/iIWBSt7L.DAkHsvwQphtiq0f6reoUy/1LC1qYqjcrV97lCDmQHQd4KIACGgtkhttLdP3KMowvS0wLXLo25FPJeG2sMAUEWu/HlJPn2/gHyh9aT.ZxUs5MsoQ1E61sJkVBc.2qze1CdZiQGTK3qtWRP6DOpM1bfhKtPoVm.g.MiCcTMWzc54xJUIA0mgKtpthE3JrqCc81cXUt4DYi5yBzeeGTqrI0z2/Gj8Jp7pS4Fkq3GmnYjMxnKfQorFXNwl3m7JSaPa8Gj9/BqnorJOsnSMlIhBe6dy4CYytuTbNb4Wv/nFkmSThK782V:2cIyMp1yKslQgE *
90 The "secret" field consists of three entries separated by colons.
91 The first entry is the index of the modulus and generator from
92 SRP's /etc/tpasswd.conf. If the special value 0 is used, then the
93 well-known modulus/generator value is used (this is recommended,
94 because it is much faster). The second value is the verifier
95 value. The third is the password "salt." These latter two values
96 are encoded in base64 notation.
98 For EAP MD5-Challenge, both client and server use the existing
99 /etc/ppp/chap-secrets file.
101 5. Configuration options
103 There are two main options relating to EAP available for the
106 refuse-eap - refuse to authenticate with EAP
107 srp-use-pseudonym - use the identity privacy if
110 The second option stores a pseudonym, if offered by the EAP
111 SRP-SHA1 server, in the $HOME/.ppp_pseudonym file. The pseudonym
112 is typically an encrypted version of the client identity. During
113 EAP start-up, the pseudonym stored in this file is offered to the
114 peer as the identity. If this is accepted by the peer, then
115 eavesdroppers will be unable to determine the identity of the
116 client. Each time the client is authenticated, the server will
117 offer a new pseudoname to the client using an obscured (reversibly
118 encrypted) message. Thus, access across successive sessions
121 There are two main options for EAP on the server:
123 require-eap - require client to use EAP
124 srp-pn-secret "string" - set server's pseudoname secret
126 The second option sets the long-term secret used on the server to
127 encrypt the user's identity to produce pseudonames. The
128 pseudoname is constructed by hashing this string with the current
129 date (to the nearest day) with SHA1, then using this hash as the
130 key for a DES encryption of the client's name. The date is added
131 to the hash for two reasons. First, this allows the pseudonym to
132 change daily. Second, it allows the server to decode any previous
133 pseudonym by trying previous dates.
135 See the pppd(8) man page for additional options.
139 This is still an experimental implementation. It has been tested
140 and reviewed carefully for correctness, but may still be
141 incomplete or have other flaws. All comments are welcome. Please
142 address them to the author:
144 james.d.carlson@sun.com
146 or, for EAP itself or the SRP extensions to EAP, to the IETF PPP
147 Extensions working group: