1 *rightleft.txt* For Vim version 5.8. Last change: 1999 Jun 14
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Avner Lottem
7 Right to Left and Hebrew Mapping for Vim *hebrew*
10 These functions have been made by Avner Lottem
11 E-mail: <alottem@iil.intel.com>
14 {Vi does not have any of these commands}
16 All this is only available when the |+rightleft| feature was enabled at
22 In right-to-left oriented files the characters appear on the screen from right
23 to left. This kind of file is most useful when writing Hebrew documents using
24 TeX--XeT, troffh, composing faxes or writing Hebrew memos.
26 Logical order files, where direction is encoded for every character (or group
27 of characters) are not supported as this kind of support is out of the scope
28 of a simple addition to an existing editor. Also, no Hebrew commands, prompts
29 and help files were added, the standard Vi interface was maintained. The
30 intention here was to incorporate Hebrew support to an existing modern and
31 live editor, hoping that the Hebrew support will continue to live in
32 subsequent versions. Many other Hebrew supported packages were designed for a
33 particular version of the original (English) software and when it continued
34 developing, the Hebrew version stayed behind. Therefore this particular
35 support to Vim tries to be as simple (and short) as possible, so that it could
36 be incorporated into the official source.
41 o Editing left-to-right files as in the original Vim, no change.
43 o Viewing and editing files in right-to-left windows. File orientation
44 is per window, so it is possible to view the same file in right-to-left
45 and left-to-right modes, simultaneously.
46 (This is sometimes useful when editing documents with TeX--XeT.)
48 o Compatibility to the original Vim. Almost all features work in
49 right-to-left mode (see Bugs below).
51 o Changing keyboard mapping and reverse insert modes using a single
54 o Backing from reverse insert mode to the correct place in the file
57 o No special terminal with right-to-left capabilities is required. The
58 right-to-left changes are completely hardware independent. Only
59 Hebrew font is necessary.
61 The MIT X distribution includes at least two fonts: heb6x13 and heb8x13.
63 http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/hebxfonts-0.2.tgz
64 More pointers are in the Hebrew HOWTO on
65 http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO
66 To create a Hebrew font for a DOS box under MS-Windows, refer to a hack on
67 ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lottem/doswin-0.1.tgz.
69 o It should be quite easy to adjust this support to handle other right-to
70 left languages, such as Arabic, by simply changing the keyboard mapping
71 according to the character encoding.
77 + 'rightleft' ('rl') sets window orientation to right-to-left.
78 + 'hkmap' ('hk') sets keyboard mapping to Hebrew, in insert/replace modes.
79 + 'aleph' ('al'), numeric, holds the decimal code of Aleph, for keyboard
83 + Under Unix, ISO 8859-8 encoding (Hebrew letters codes: 224-250).
84 + Under MS DOS, PC encoding (Hebrew letters codes: 128-154).
85 These are defaults, that can be overridden using the 'aleph' option.
88 + 'vim -H file' starts editing a Hebrew file, i.e. 'rightleft' and 'hkmap'
92 + The 'allowrevins' option enables the CTRL-_ command in Insert mode and
95 + CTRL-_ in insert/replace modes toggles 'revins' and 'hkmap' as follows:
97 When in rightleft window, 'revins' and 'nohkmap' are toggled, since
98 English will likely be inserted in this case.
100 When in norightleft window, 'revins' 'hkmap' are toggled, since Hebrew
101 will likely be inserted in this case.
103 CTRL-_ moves the cursor to the end of the typed text.
105 + CTRL-_ in command mode only toggles keyboard mapping (see Bugs below).
106 This setting is independent of 'hkmap' option, which only applies to
109 Note: On some keyboards, CTRL-_ is mapped to CTRL-?.
111 + Keyboard mapping while 'hkmap' is set:
113 q w e r t y u i o p The characters in the mapping shown
114 / ' ÷ ø à è å ï í ô here are for ISO 8859-8.
116 a s d f g h j k l ; '
117 ù ã â ë ò é ç ì ê ó ,
125 o Does not handle CTRL-A and CTRL-X commands (add and subtract)
126 correctly when in rightleft window.
128 o Does not support reverse insert and rightleft modes on the command-line.
129 However, functionality of the editor is not reduced, because it is
130 possible to enter mappings, abbreviations and searches with Hebrew text,
131 typed from the left to the right on the command-line.
133 o Somewhat slower in right-to-left mode, because right-to-left motion is
134 emulated inside Vim, not by the controlling terminal.
136 o Does not support 7 bit terminals. Only a terminal with complete
137 Hebrew English font (without need to send escape sequences to switch
138 between Hebrew and English) is supported.
140 o When the Athena GUI is used, the bottom scrollbar works in the wrong
141 direction. This is difficult to fix.
143 o When both 'rightleft' and 'revins' are on: 'textwidth' does not work.
144 Lines do not wrap at all; you just get a single, long line.
147 Typing backwards *ins-reverse*
149 If the 'revins' (reverse insert) option is set, inserting happens backwards.
150 This can be used to type Hebrew. When inserting characters the cursor is not
151 moved and the text moves rightwards. A <BS> deletes the character under the
152 cursor. CTRL-W and CTRL-U also work in the opposite direction. <BS>, CTRL-W
153 and CTRL-U do not stop at the start of insert or end of line, no matter how
154 the 'backspace' option is set.
156 There is no reverse replace mode (yet).
158 If the 'showmode' option is set, "-- REVERSE INSERT --" will be shown in the
159 status line when reverse Insert mode is active.
161 When the 'allowrevins' option is set, reverse Insert mode can be also entered
162 via CTRL-_, which has some extra functionality: First, keyboard mapping is
163 changed according to the window orientation -- if in a left-to-right window,
164 'revins' is used to enter Hebrew text, so the keyboard changes to Hebrew
165 ('hkmap' is set); if in a right-to-left window, 'revins' is used to enter
166 English text, so the keyboard changes to English ('hkmap' is reset). Second,
167 when exiting 'revins' via CTRL-_, the cursor moves to the end of the typed
171 Pasting when in a rightleft window
172 ----------------------------------
174 When cutting text with the mouse and pasting it in a rightleft window
175 the text will be reversed, because the characters come from the cut buffer
176 from the left to the right, while inserted in the file from the right to
177 the left. In order to avoid it, toggle 'revins' (by typing CTRL-? or CTRL-_)
181 Hebrew characters and the 'isprint' variable
182 --------------------------------------------
184 Sometimes Hebrew character codes are in the none-printable range defined by
185 the 'isprint' variable. For example in the Linux console, the Hebrew font
186 encoding starts from 128, while the default 'isprint' variable is @,161-255.
187 The result is that all Hebrew characters are displayed as ~x. To solve this
188 problem, set isprint=@,128-255.