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1 *windows.txt* For Vim version 5.8. Last change: 2000 Apr 09
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
7 Editing with multiple windows and buffers. *windows* *buffers*
9 The commands which have been added to use multiple windows and buffers are
10 explained here. Additionally, there are explanations for commands that work
11 differently when used in combination with more than one window.
13 1. Introduction |windows-intro|
14 2. Starting Vim |windows-starting|
15 3. Opening and closing a window |opening-window|
16 4. Moving cursor to other windows |window-move-cursor|
17 5. Moving windows around |window-moving|
18 6. Window resizing |window-resize|
19 7. Exiting Vim |window-exit|
20 8. Writing with multiple buffers |buffer-write|
21 9. argument and buffer list commands |buffer-list|
22 10. Tag or file name under the cursor |window-tag|
23 11. Using hidden buffers |buffer-hidden|
25 {Vi does not have any of these commands}
27 ==============================================================================
28 1. Introduction *windows-intro*
30 A window is a viewport onto a buffer. You can use multiple windows on one
31 buffer, or several windows on different buffers.
33 A buffer is a file loaded into memory for editing. The original file remains
34 unchanged until you write the buffer to the file.
36 A buffer can be in one of three states:
38 *active-buffer*
39 active: The buffer is displayed in a window. If there is a file for this
40 buffer, it has been read into the buffer. The buffer may have been
41 modified.
42 *hidden-buffer*
43 hidden: The buffer is not displayed. If there is a file for this buffer, it
44 has been read into the buffer. The buffer may have been modified.
45 *inactive-buffer*
46 inactive: The buffer is not displayed and does not contain anything. Options
47 for the buffer are remembered if the file was once loaded.
49 In a table:
51 state displayed loaded ":buffers" ~
52 in window shows ~
53 active yes yes ' '
54 hidden no yes 'h'
55 inactive no no '-'
57 ==============================================================================
58 2. Starting Vim *windows-starting*
60 By default, Vim starts with one window, just like Vi.
62 The "-o" argument to Vim can be used to open a window for each file in the
63 argument list: "Vim -o file1 file2 file3" will open three windows.
65 "-oN", where N is a decimal number, opens N windows. If there are more
66 file names than windows, only N windows are opened and some files do not get a
67 window. If there are more windows than file names, the last few windows will
68 be editing empty buffers.
70 If there are many file names, the windows will become very small. You might
71 want to set the 'winheight' option to create a workable situation.
73 Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed when opening the new windows
74 and reading the files, that's only done when they are really entered.
76 *status-line*
77 A status line will be used to separate windows. The 'laststatus' option tells
78 when the last window also has a status line:
79 'laststatus' = 0 never a status line
80 'laststatus' = 1 status line if there is more than one window
81 'laststatus' = 2 always a status line
83 You can change the contents of the status line with the 'statusline' option.
85 Normally, inversion is used to display the status line. This can be changed
86 with the 's' character in the 'highlight' option. For example, "sb" sets it to
87 bold characters. If no highlighting is used for the status line ("sn"), the
88 '^' character is used for the current window, and '=' for other windows. If
89 the mouse is supported and enabled with the 'mouse' option, a status line can
90 be dragged to resize windows.
92 Note: If you expect your status line to be in reverse video and it isn't,
93 check if the 'highlight' option contains "si". In version 3.0, this meant to
94 invert the status line. Now it should be "sr", reverse the status line, as
95 "si" now stands for italic! If italic is not available on your terminal, the
96 status line is inverted anyway; you will only see this problem on terminals
97 that have termcap codes for italics.
99 ==============================================================================
100 3. Opening and closing a window *opening-window*
102 CTRL-W s *CTRL-W_s*
103 CTRL-W S *CTRL-W_S*
104 CTRL-W CTRL-S *CTRL-W_CTRL-S*
105 :[N]sp[lit] [+cmd] *:sp* *:split*
106 Split current window in two. The result is two viewports on
107 the same file. Make new window N high (default is to use half
108 the height of the current window). Reduces the current window
109 height to create room (and others, if the 'equalalways' option
110 is set). (Note: CTRL-S does not work on all terminals). Also
111 see |+cmd|.
113 CTRL-W n *CTRL-W_n*
114 CTRL-W CTRL_N *CTRL-W_CTRL-N*
115 :[N]new [+cmd] *:new*
116 Create a new window and start editing an empty file in it.
117 Make new window N high (default is to use half the existing
118 height). Reduces the current window height to create room (and
119 others, if the 'equalalways' option is set). Also see
120 |+cmd|. If 'fileformats' is not empty, the first format given
121 will be used for the new buffer. If 'fileformats' is empty,
122 the 'fileformat' of the current buffer is used.
123 Autocommands are executed in this order:
124 1. WinLeave for the current window
125 2. WinEnter for the new window
126 3. BufLeave for the current buffer
127 4. BufEnter for the new buffer
128 This behaves like a ":split" first, and then a ":e" command.
130 :[N]new [+cmd] {file}
131 :[N]sp[lit] [+cmd] {file} *:split_f*
132 Create a new window and start editing file {file} in it. If
133 [+cmd] is given, execute the command when the file has been
134 loaded |+cmd|. Make new window N high (default is to use half
135 the existing height). Reduces the current window height to
136 create room (and others, if the 'equalalways' option is set).
138 :[N]sv[iew] [+cmd] {file} *:sv* *:sview* *splitview*
139 Same as ":split", but set 'readonly' option for this buffer.
141 :[N]sf[ind] [+cmd] {file} *:sf* *:sfind* *splitfind*
142 Same as ":split", but search for {file} in 'path'. Doesn't
143 split if {file} is not found.
145 CTRL-W CTRL-^ *CTRL-W_CTRL-^* *CTRL-W_^*
146 CTRL-W ^ Does ":split #", split window in two and edit alternate file.
147 When a count is given, it becomes ":split #N", split window
148 and edit buffer N.
150 Closing a window
151 ----------------
153 CTRL-W q *CTRL-W_q*
154 CTRL-W CTRL-Q *CTRL-W_CTRL-Q*
155 :q[uit] Quit current window. When quitting the last window (not
156 counting a help window), exit Vim.
157 When 'hidden' is set, and there is only one window for the
158 current buffer, it becomes hidden.
159 When 'hidden' is not set, and there is only one window for the
160 current buffer, and the buffer was changed, the command fails.
161 (Note: CTRL-Q does not work on all terminals)
163 :q[uit]! Quit current window. If this was the last window for a buffer,
164 any changes to that buffer are lost. When quitting the last
165 window (not counting help windows), exit Vim. The contents of
166 the buffer are lost, even when 'hidden' is set.
168 CTRL-W c *CTRL-W_c* *:clo* *:close*
169 :clo[se][!] Close current window. When the 'hidden' option is set, or
170 when the buffer was changed and the [!] is used, the buffer
171 becomes hidden (unless there is another window editing it).
172 This command fails when:
173 - There is only one window on the screen.
174 - When 'hidden' is not set, [!] is not used, the buffer has
175 changes, and there is no other window on this buffer.
176 Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so
177 this is a "safe" command.
179 CTRL-W CTRL-C *CTRL-W_CTRL-C*
180 You might have expected that CTRL-W CTRL-C closes the current
181 window, but that does not work, because the CTRL-C cancels the
182 command.
184 *:hide*
185 :hid[e] Quit current window, unless it is the last window on the
186 screen. The buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another
187 window editing it).
188 The value of 'hidden' is irrelevant for this command.
189 Changes to the buffer are not written and won't get lost, so
190 this is a "safe" command.
192 CTRL-W o *CTRL-W_o*
193 CTRL-W CTRL-O *CTRL-W_CTRL-O* *:on* *:only*
194 :on[ly][!] Make the current window the only one on the screen. All other
195 windows are closed.
196 When the 'hidden' option is set, all buffers in closed windows
197 become hidden.
198 When 'hidden' is not set, and the 'autowrite' option is set,
199 modified buffers are written. Otherwise, windows that have
200 buffers that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is
201 given, then they become hidden. But modified buffers are
202 never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost.
204 ==============================================================================
205 4. Moving cursor to other windows *window-move-cursor*
207 CTRL-W <Down> *CTRL-W_<Down>*
208 CTRL-W CTRL-J *CTRL-W_CTRL-J* *CTRL-W_j*
209 CTRL-W j move cursor to Nth window below current one.
211 CTRL-W <Up> *CTRL-W_<Up>*
212 CTRL-W CTRL-K *CTRL-W_CTRL-K* *CTRL-W_k*
213 CTRL-W k move cursor to Nth window above current one.
215 CTRL-W w *CTRL-W_w* *CTRL-W_CTRL-W*
216 CTRL-W CTRL-W Without count: move cursor to window below current one. If
217 there is no window below, go to top window.
218 With count: go to Nth window.
220 *CTRL-W_W*
221 CTRL-W W Without count: move cursor to window above current one. If
222 there is no window above, go to bottom window.
223 With count: go to Nth window.
225 CTRL-W t *CTRL-W_t* *CTRL-W_CTRL-T*
226 CTRL-W CTRL-T move cursor to top window.
228 CTRL-W b *CTRL-W_b* *CTRL-W_CTRL-B*
229 CTRL-W CTRL-B move cursor to bottom window.
231 CTRL-W p *CTRL-W_p* *CTRL-W_CTRL-P*
232 CTRL-W CTRL-P go to previous (last accessed) window.
234 If Visual mode is active and the new window is not for the same buffer, the
235 Visual mode is ended.
237 ==============================================================================
238 5. Moving windows around *window-moving*
240 CTRL-W r *CTRL-W_r* *CTRL-W_CTRL-R*
241 CTRL-W CTRL-R Rotate windows downwards. The first window becomes the second
242 one, the second one becomes the third one, etc. The last
243 window becomes the first window. The cursor remains in the
244 same window.
246 *CTRL-W_R*
247 CTRL-W R Rotate windows upwards. The second window becomes the first
248 one, the third one becomes the second one, etc. The first
249 window becomes the last window. The cursor remains in the
250 same window.
252 CTRL-W x *CTRL-W_x* *CTRL-W_CTRL-X*
253 CTRL-W CTRL-X Without count: Exchange current window with next one. If there
254 is no next window, exchange with previous window.
255 With count: Exchange current window with Nth window (first
256 window is 1). The cursor is put in the other window.
258 ==============================================================================
259 6. Window resizing *window-resize*
261 *CTRL-W_=*
262 CTRL-W = make all windows (almost) equally high.
264 :res[ize] -N *:res* *:resize* *CTRL-W_-*
265 CTRL-W - decrease current window height by N
267 :res[ize] +N *CTRL-W_+*
268 CTRL-W + increase current window height by N
270 :res[ize] [N]
271 CTRL-W CTRL-_ *CTRL-W_CTRL-_* *CTRL-W__*
272 CTRL-W _ set current window height to N (default: highest possible)
274 z{nr}<CR> set current window height to {nr}
276 You can also resize the window by dragging a status line up or down with the
277 mouse. This only works if the version of Vim that is being used supports the
278 mouse and the 'mouse' option has been set to enable it.
280 The option 'winheight' ('wh') is used to set the minimal window height of the
281 current window. This option is used each time another window becomes the
282 current window. If the option is '0', it is disabled. Set 'winheight' to a
283 very large value, e.g., '9999', to make the current window always fill all
284 available space. Set it to a reasonable value, e.g., '10', to make editing in
285 the current window comfortable.
287 When the option 'equalalways' ('ea') is set, all the windows are automatically
288 made the same size after splitting or closing a window. If you don't set this
289 option, splitting a window will reduce the size of the current window and
290 leave the other windows the same. When closing a window, the extra lines are
291 given to the window above it.
293 The option 'cmdheight' ('ch') is used to set the height of the command-line.
294 If you are annoyed by the |hit-return| prompt for long messages, set this
295 option to 2 or 3.
297 If there is only one window, resizing that window will also change the command
298 line height. If there are several windows, resizing the current window will
299 also change the height of the window below it (and sometimes the window above
300 it).
302 ==============================================================================
303 7. Exiting Vim *window-exit*
305 *:qa* *:qall*
306 :qa[ll] Exit Vim, unless there are some buffers which have been
307 changed. (Use ":bmod" to go to the next modified buffer).
309 :conf[irm] qa[ll]
310 Exit Vim. Bring up a prompt when some buffers have been
311 changed. See |:confirm|.
313 :qa[ll]! Exit Vim. Any changes to buffers are lost.
315 :wqa[ll] *:wqa* *:wqall* *:xa* *:xall*
316 :xa[ll] Write all changed buffers and exit Vim. If there are buffers
317 without a file name, which are readonly or which cannot be
318 written for another reason, Vim is not quit.
320 :conf[irm] wqa[ll]
321 :conf[irm] xa[ll]
322 Write all changed buffers and exit Vim. Bring up a prompt
323 when some buffers are readonly or cannot be written for
324 another reason. See |:confirm|.
326 :wqa[ll]!
327 :xa[ll]! Write all changed buffers, even the ones that are readonly,
328 and exit Vim. If there are buffers without a file name or
329 which cannot be written for another reason, Vim is not quit.
331 ==============================================================================
332 8. Writing with multiple buffers *buffer-write*
334 *:wa* *:wall*
335 :wa[ll] Write all changed buffers. Buffers without a file name or
336 which are readonly are not written.
338 :wa[ll]! Write all changed buffers, even the ones that are readonly.
339 Buffers without a file name are not written.
341 ==============================================================================
342 9. argument and buffer list commands *buffer-list*
344 args list buffer list meaning ~
345 1. :[N]argument [N] 11. :[N]buffer [N] to arg/buf N
346 2. :[N]next [file ..] 12. :[N]bnext [N] to Nth next arg/buf
347 3. :[N]Next [N] 13. :[N]bNext [N] to Nth previous arg/buf
348 4. :[N]previous [N] 14. :[N]bprevious [N] to Nth previous arg/buf
349 5. :rewind 15. :brewind to first arg/buf
350 6. :last 16. :blast to last arg/buf
351 7. :all 17. :ball edit all args/buffers
352 18. :unhide edit all loaded buffers
353 19. :[N]bmod [N] to Nth modified buf
355 split & args list split & buffer list meaning ~
356 21. :[N]sargument [N] 31. :[N]sbuffer [N] split + to arg/buf N
357 22. :[N]snext [file ..] 32. :[N]sbnext [N] split + to Nth next arg/buf
358 23. :[N]sNext [N] 33. :[N]sbNext [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf
359 24. :[N]sprevious [N] 34. :[N]sbprevious [N] split + to Nth previous arg/buf
360 25. :srewind 35. :sbrewind split + to first arg/buf
361 26. :slast 36. :sblast split + to last arg/buf
362 27. :sall 37: :sball edit all args/buffers
363 38. :sunhide edit all loaded buffers
364 39. :[N]sbmod [N] split + to Nth modified buf
366 40. :args list of arguments
367 41. :buffers list of buffers
369 The meaning of [N] depends on the command:
370 [N] is number of buffers to go forward/backward on ?2, ?3, and ?4
371 [N] is an argument number, defaulting to current argument, for 1 and 21
372 [N] is a buffer number, defaulting to current buffer, for 11 and 31
373 [N] is a count for 19 and 39
375 Note: ":next" is an exception, because it must accept a list of file names
376 for compatibility with Vi.
379 The argument list and multiple windows
380 --------------------------------------
382 The current position in the argument list can be different for each window.
383 Remember that when doing ":e file", the position in the argument list stays
384 the same, but you are not editing the file at that position. To indicate
385 this, the file message (and the title, if you have one) shows
386 "(file (N) of M)", where "(N)" is the current position in the file list, and
387 "M" the number of files in the file list.
389 All the entries in the argument list are added to the buffer list. Thus, you
390 can also get to them with the buffer list commands, like ":bnext".
392 :[N]al[l][!] [N] *:al* *:all* *:sal* *:sall*
393 :[N]sal[l][!] [N]
394 Rearrange the screen to open one window for each argument.
395 All other windows are closed. When a count is given, this is
396 the maximum number of windows to open.
397 When the 'hidden' option is set, all buffers in closed windows
398 become hidden.
399 When 'hidden' is not set, and the 'autowrite' option is set,
400 modified buffers are written. Otherwise, windows that have
401 buffers that are modified are not removed, unless the [!] is
402 given, then they become hidden. But modified buffers are
403 never abandoned, so changes cannot get lost.
404 Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands are not executed for the new
405 windows here, that's only done when they are really entered.
407 :[N]sa[rgument][!] [N] *:sa* *:sargument*
408 Short for ":split | argument [N]": split window and go to Nth
409 argument. But when there is no such argument, the window is
410 not split.
412 :[N]sn[ext][!] [file ..] *:sn* *:snext*
413 Short for ":split | [N]next": split window and go to Nth next
414 argument. But when there is no next file, the window is not
415 split.
417 :[N]spr[evious][!] [N] *:spr* *:sprevious*
418 :[N]sN[ext][!] [N] *:sN* *:sNext*
419 Short for ":split | [N]Next": split window and go to Nth
420 previous argument. But when there is no previous file, the
421 window is not split.
423 *:sr* *:srewind*
424 :sr[ewind][!] Short for ":split | rewind": split window and go to first
425 argument. But when there is no argument list, the window is
426 not split.
428 *:sla* *:slast*
429 :sla[st][!] Short for ":split | last": split window and go to last
430 argument. But when there is no argument list, the window is
431 not split.
433 ==============================================================================
434 10. Tag or file name under the cursor *window-tag*
436 *:sta* *:stag*
437 :sta[g][!] [tagname]
438 Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and splits the window for the found
439 tag. See also |:tag|.
441 CTRL-W ] *CTRL-W_]* *CTRL-W_CTRL-]*
442 CTRL-W CTRL-] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a
443 tag and jump to it in the new upper window. Make new window N
444 high.
446 *CTRL-W_g]*
447 CTRL-W g ] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a
448 tag and perform ":tselect" on it in the new upper window.
449 Make new window N high.
451 *CTRL-W_g_CTRL-]*
452 CTRL-W g CTRL-] Split current window in two. Use identifier under cursor as a
453 tag and perform ":tjump" on it in the new upper window. Make
454 new window N high.
456 *:pta* *:ptag*
457 :pta[g][!] [tagname]
458 Does ":tag[!] [tagname]" and shows the found tag in a
459 "Preview" window without changing the current buffer or cursor
460 position. If a "Preview" window already exists, it is re-used
461 (like a help window is). If a new one is opened,
462 'previewheight' is used for the height of the window. See
463 also |:tag|.
464 Example: *CursorHold-example*
465 > au! CursorHold *.[ch] nested exe "ptag " . expand("<cword>")
466 This will cause a ":ptag" to be executed for the keyword under
467 the cursor, when the cursor hasn't moved for the time set with
468 'updatetime'. The "nested" makes other autocommands be
469 executed, so that syntax highlighting works in the preview
470 window. Also see |CursorHold|. Note: this isn't perfect, you
471 will get error messages when the cursor rests on a word that
472 isn't a tag.
474 CTRL-W z *CTRL-W_z*
475 CTRL-W CTRL-Z *CTRL-W_CTRL-Z* *:pc* *:pclose*
476 :pc[lose][!] Close any "Preview" windows currently open. When the 'hidden'
477 option is set, or when the buffer was changed and the [!] is
478 used, the buffer becomes hidden (unless there is another
479 window editing it). The command fails if any "Preview" buffer
480 cannot be closed. See also |:close|.
482 *:pp* *:ppop*
483 :[count]pp[op][!]
484 Does ":[count]pop[!]" in the preview window. See |:pop| and
485 |:ptag|. {not in Vi}
487 CTRL-W } *CTRL-W_}*
488 Use identifier under cursor as a tag and perform a :ptag on
489 it. Make the new Preview window (if required) N high. If N is
490 not given, 'previewheight' is used.
492 CTRL-W g } *CTRL-W_g}*
493 Use identifier under cursor as a tag and perform a :ptjump on
494 it. Make the new Preview window (if required) N high. If N is
495 not given, 'previewheight' is used.
497 CTRL-W f *CTRL-W_f* *CTRL-W_CTRL-F*
498 CTRL-W CTRL-F Split current window in two. Edit file name under cursor.
499 Like ":split ]f", but window isn't split if the file does not
500 exist.
501 Uses the 'path' variable as a list of directory names where to
502 look for the file. Also the path for current file is
503 used to search for the file name.
504 If the name is a hypertext link that looks like
505 "type://machine/path", only "/path" is used.
506 If a count is given, the count'th matching file is edited.
507 Not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was disabled at
508 compile time.
510 Also see |CTRL-W_CTRL-I|: open window for an included file that includes
511 the keyword under the cursor.
513 ==============================================================================
514 11. Using hidden buffers *buffer-hidden*
516 A hidden buffer is not displayed in a window, but is still loaded into memory.
517 This makes it possible to jump from file to file, without the need to read or
518 write the file every time you get another buffer in a window.
520 *:buffer-!*
521 If the option 'hidden' ('hid') is set, abandoned buffers are kept for all
522 commands that start editing another file: ":edit", ":next", ":tag", etc. The
523 commands that move through the buffer list sometimes make the current buffer
524 hidden although the 'hidden' option is not set. This happens when a buffer is
525 modified, but is forced (with '!') to be removed from a window, and
526 'autowrite' is off or the buffer can't be written.
528 You can make a hidden buffer not hidden by starting to edit it with any
529 command. Or by deleting it with the ":bdelete" command.
531 *hidden-quit*
532 When you try to quit Vim while there is a hidden, modified buffer, you will
533 get an error message and Vim will make that buffer the current buffer. You
534 can then decide to write this buffer (":wq") or quit without writing (":q!").
535 Be careful: there may be more hidden, modified buffers!
537 :files *:files*
538 :buffers *:buffers* *:ls*
539 :ls Show all buffers. Example:
541 > 1 #h "/test/text" line 1
542 > 2 - "asdf" line 0
543 > 3 % + "version.c" line 1
545 Each buffer has a unique number. That number will not change,
546 so you can always go to a specific buffer with ":buffer N" or
547 "N CTRL-^", where N is the buffer number.
549 '-' indicates a buffer that is not loaded. 'h' indicates a
550 hidden buffer: It is loaded, but currently not displayed in a
551 window. '%' indicates the buffer in the current window. '#'
552 indicates the alternate buffer for ":e #" or CTRL-^. '+'
553 indicates a modified buffer.
555 *:bad* *:badd*
556 :bad[d] [+lnum] {fname}
557 Add file name {fname} to the buffer list, without loading it.
558 If "lnum" is specified, the cursor will be positioned at that
559 line when the buffer is first entered. Note that other
560 commands after the + will be ignored.
562 :[N]bd[elete] *:bd* *:bdel* *:bdelete*
563 :bd[elete] [N]
564 Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer) and delete it from
565 the buffer list. If the buffer was changed, this fails. The
566 file remains unaffected. Any windows for this buffer are
567 closed. If buffer [N] is the current buffer, another buffer
568 will be displayed instead. This is the most recent entry in
569 the jump list that points into a loaded buffer.
571 :[N]bdelete!
572 :bdelete! [N]
573 Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer) and delete it from
574 the buffer list. If the buffer was changed the changes are
575 lost. The file remains unaffected. Any windows for this
576 buffer are closed. If buffer [N] is the current buffer,
577 another buffer will be displayed instead. This is the most
578 recent entry in the jump list that points into a loaded
579 buffer.
582 :bdelete[!] {bufname}
583 Like ":bdelete[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a
584 buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that
585 name; use the buffer number instead. Insert a backslash
586 before a space in a buffer name.
588 :N,Mbdelete[!] do ":bdelete[!]" for all buffers in the range N to M
589 (inclusive).
591 :bdelete[!] N1 N2 ...
592 do ":bdelete[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be
593 buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are
594 a number). Insert a backslash before a space in a buffer
595 name.
597 :[N]bun[load] *:bun* *:bunload*
598 :bun[load] [N]
599 Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer). The memory
600 allocated for this buffer will be freed. The buffer remains
601 in the buffer list. If the buffer was changed, this fails.
602 Any windows for this buffer are closed. If buffer [N] is the
603 current buffer, another buffer will be displayed instead.
604 This is the most recent entry in the jump list that points
605 into a loaded buffer.
607 :[N]bunload!
608 :bunload! [N]
609 Unload buffer [N] (default: current buffer). The memory
610 allocated for this buffer will be freed. The buffer remains
611 in the buffer list. If the buffer was changed, the changes
612 are lost. Any windows for this buffer are closed. If buffer
613 [N] is the current buffer, another buffer will be displayed
614 instead. This is the most recent entry in the jump list that
615 points into a loaded buffer.
617 :bunload[!] {bufname}
618 Like ":bunload[!] [N]", but buffer given by name. Note that a
619 buffer whose name is a number cannot be referenced by that
620 name; use the buffer number instead. Insert a backslash
621 before a space in a buffer name.
623 :N,Mbunload[!] do ":bunload[!]" for all buffers in the range N to M
624 (inclusive).
626 :bunload[!] N1 N2 ...
627 do ":bunload[!]" for buffer N1, N2, etc. The arguments can be
628 buffer numbers or buffer names (but not buffer names that are
629 a number). Insert a backslash before a space in a buffer
630 name.
632 :[N]b[uffer][!] [N] *:b* *:bu* *:buffer*
633 Edit buffer [N] from the buffer list. If [N] is not given,
634 the current buffer remains being edited. See |:buffer-!| for
635 [!].
637 :[N]b[uffer][!] {filename}
638 Edit buffer for {filename} from the buffer list. See
639 |:buffer-!| for [!].
641 :[N]sb[uffer] [N] *:sb* *:sbuffer*
642 Split window and edit buffer [N] from the buffer list. If [N]
643 is not given, the current buffer is edited. Respects the
644 "useopen" setting of 'switchbuf' when splitting.
646 :[N]sb[uffer] {filename}
647 Split window and edit buffer for {filename} from the buffer
648 list.
650 *:bn* *:bnext*
651 :[N]bn[ext][!] [N]
652 Go to [N]th next buffer in buffer list. [N] defaults to one.
653 Wraps around the end of the buffer list. See |:buffer-!| for
654 [!].
655 If you are in a help buffer, this takes you to the next help
656 buffer (if there is one). Similarly, if you are in a normal
657 (non-help) buffer, this takes you to the next normal buffer.
658 This is so that if you have invoked help, it doesn't get in
659 the way when you're browsing code/text buffers. The next three
660 commands also work like this.
662 *:sbn* *:sbnext*
663 :[N]sbn[ext] [N]
664 Split window and go to [N]th next buffer in buffer list.
665 Wraps around the end of the buffer list. Uses 'switchbuf'
667 :[N]bN[ext][!] [N] *:bN* *:bNext* *:bp* *:bprevious*
668 :[N]bp[revious][!] [N]
669 Go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer list. [N] defaults to
670 one. Wraps around the start of the buffer list. See
671 |:buffer-!| for [!] and 'switchbuf'.
673 :[N]sbN[ext] [N] *:sbN* *:sbNext* *:sbp* *:sbprevious*
674 :[N]sbp[revious] [N]
675 Split window and go to [N]th previous buffer in buffer list.
676 + Wraps around the start of the buffer list. Uses 'switchbuf'.
678 *:br* *:brewind*
679 :br[ewind][!] Go to first buffer in buffer list. See |:buffer-!| for [!].
681 *:sbr* *:sbrewind*
682 :sbr[ewind] Split window and go to first buffer in buffer list.
683 Respects 'switchbuf' option.
685 *:bl* *:blast*
686 :bl[ast][!] Go to last buffer in buffer list. See |:buffer-!| for [!].
688 *:sbl* *:sblast*
689 :sbl[ast] Split window and go to last buffer in buffer list.
690 Respects 'switchbuf' option.
692 :[N]bm[odified][!] [N] *:bm* *:bmodified*
693 Go to [N]th next modified buffer in buffer list.
695 :[N]sbm[odified] [N] *:sbm* *:sbmodified*
696 Split window and go to [N]th next modified buffer in buffer
697 list. Respects 'switchbuf' option.
699 :[N]unh[ide] [N] *:unh* *:unhide* *:sun* *:sunhide*
700 :[N]sun[hide] [N]
701 Rearrange the screen to open one window for each loaded buffer
702 in the buffer list. When a count is given, this is the
703 maximum number of windows to open.
705 :[N]ba[ll] [N] *:ba* *:ball* *:sba* *:sball*
706 :[N]sba[ll] [N] Rearrange the screen to open one window for each buffer in
707 the buffer list. When a count is given, this is the maximum
708 number of windows to open. Buf/Win Enter/Leave autocommands
709 are not executed for the new windows here, that's only done
710 when they are really entered.
712 Note: All the commands above that start editing another buffer, keep the
713 'readonly' flag as it was. This differs from the ":edit" command, which sets
714 the 'readonly' flag each time the file is read.
716 vim:ts=8:sw=8:tw=78:fo=tcq2:isk=!-~,^*,^\|,^\":