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139 .IX Title "STRINGS 1"
140 .TH STRINGS 1 "binutils-2.16.91" "2006-01-19" "GNU Development Tools"
143 strings \- print the strings of printable characters in files.
145 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
146 strings [\fB\-afov\fR] [\fB-\fR\fImin-len\fR]
147 [\fB\-n\fR \fImin-len\fR] [\fB\*(--bytes=\fR\fImin-len\fR]
148 [\fB\-t\fR \fIradix\fR] [\fB\*(--radix=\fR\fIradix\fR]
149 [\fB\-e\fR \fIencoding\fR] [\fB\*(--encoding=\fR\fIencoding\fR]
150 [\fB-\fR] [\fB\*(--all\fR] [\fB\*(--print-file-name\fR]
151 [\fB\*(--target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR]
152 [\fB\*(--help\fR] [\fB\*(--version\fR] \fIfile\fR...
154 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
155 For each \fIfile\fR given, \s-1GNU\s0 \fBstrings\fR prints the printable
156 character sequences that are at least 4 characters long (or the number
157 given with the options below) and are followed by an unprintable
158 character. By default, it only prints the strings from the initialized
159 and loaded sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints
160 the strings from the whole file.
162 \&\fBstrings\fR is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text
169 .Ip "\fB\*(--all\fR" 4
174 Do not scan only the initialized and loaded sections of object files;
175 scan the whole files.
179 .Ip "\fB\*(--print-file-name\fR" 4
180 .IX Item "print-file-name"
182 Print the name of the file before each string.
183 .Ip "\fB\*(--help\fR" 4
185 Print a summary of the program usage on the standard output and exit.
186 .Ip "\fB-\fR\fImin-len\fR" 4
189 .Ip "\fB\-n\fR \fImin-len\fR" 4
190 .IX Item "-n min-len"
191 .Ip "\fB\*(--bytes=\fR\fImin-len\fR" 4
192 .IX Item "bytes=min-len"
194 Print sequences of characters that are at least \fImin-len\fR characters
195 long, instead of the default 4.
198 Like \fB\-t o\fR. Some other versions of \fBstrings\fR have \fB\-o\fR
199 act like \fB\-t d\fR instead. Since we can not be compatible with both
200 ways, we simply chose one.
201 .Ip "\fB\-t\fR \fIradix\fR" 4
204 .Ip "\fB\*(--radix=\fR\fIradix\fR" 4
205 .IX Item "radix=radix"
207 Print the offset within the file before each string. The single
208 character argument specifies the radix of the offset\-\--\fBo\fR for
209 octal, \fBx\fR for hexadecimal, or \fBd\fR for decimal.
210 .Ip "\fB\-e\fR \fIencoding\fR" 4
211 .IX Item "-e encoding"
213 .Ip "\fB\*(--encoding=\fR\fIencoding\fR" 4
214 .IX Item "encoding=encoding"
216 Select the character encoding of the strings that are to be found.
217 Possible values for \fIencoding\fR are: \fBs\fR = single-7\-bit-byte
218 characters (\s-1ASCII\s0, \s-1ISO\s0 8859, etc., default), \fBS\fR =
219 single-8\-bit-byte characters, \fBb\fR = 16\-bit bigendian, \fBl\fR =
220 16\-bit littleendian, \fBB\fR = 32\-bit bigendian, \fBL\fR = 32\-bit
221 littleendian. Useful for finding wide character strings.
222 .Ip "\fB\*(--target=\fR\fIbfdname\fR" 4
223 .IX Item "target=bfdname"
224 Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
228 .Ip "\fB\*(--version\fR" 4
231 Print the program version number on the standard output and exit.
232 .Ip "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
234 Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR. The options read are
235 inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option. If \fIfile\fR
236 does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
237 literally, and not removed.
239 Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace. A whitespace
240 character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
241 option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a
242 backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
243 with a backslash. The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
244 @\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
246 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
247 \&\fIar\fR\|(1), \fInm\fR\|(1), \fIobjdump\fR\|(1), \fIranlib\fR\|(1), \fIreadelf\fR\|(1)
248 and the Info entries for \fIbinutils\fR.
250 .IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
251 Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
252 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
254 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
255 under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
256 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
257 with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
258 Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the
259 section entitled \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License\*(R".