2 BFD supports a number of different flavours of coff format.
3 The major differences between formats are the sizes and
4 alignments of fields in structures on disk, and the occasional
7 Coff in all its varieties is implemented with a few common
8 files and a number of implementation specific files. For
9 example, The 88k bcs coff format is implemented in the file
10 @file{coff-m88k.c}. This file @code{#include}s
11 @file{coff/m88k.h} which defines the external structure of the
12 coff format for the 88k, and @file{coff/internal.h} which
13 defines the internal structure. @file{coff-m88k.c} also
14 defines the relocations used by the 88k format
17 The Intel i960 processor version of coff is implemented in
18 @file{coff-i960.c}. This file has the same structure as
19 @file{coff-m88k.c}, except that it includes @file{coff/i960.h}
20 rather than @file{coff-m88k.h}.
22 @subsection Porting to a new version of coff
23 The recommended method is to select from the existing
24 implementations the version of coff which is most like the one
25 you want to use. For example, we'll say that i386 coff is
26 the one you select, and that your coff flavour is called foo.
27 Copy @file{i386coff.c} to @file{foocoff.c}, copy
28 @file{../include/coff/i386.h} to @file{../include/coff/foo.h},
29 and add the lines to @file{targets.c} and @file{Makefile.in}
30 so that your new back end is used. Alter the shapes of the
31 structures in @file{../include/coff/foo.h} so that they match
32 what you need. You will probably also have to add
33 @code{#ifdef}s to the code in @file{coff/internal.h} and
34 @file{coffcode.h} if your version of coff is too wild.
36 You can verify that your new BFD backend works quite simply by
37 building @file{objdump} from the @file{binutils} directory,
38 and making sure that its version of what's going on and your
39 host system's idea (assuming it has the pretty standard coff
40 dump utility, usually called @code{att-dump} or just
41 @code{dump}) are the same. Then clean up your code, and send
42 what you've done to Cygnus. Then your stuff will be in the
43 next release, and you won't have to keep integrating it.
45 @subsection How the coff backend works
48 @subsubsection File layout
49 The Coff backend is split into generic routines that are
50 applicable to any Coff target and routines that are specific
51 to a particular target. The target-specific routines are
52 further split into ones which are basically the same for all
53 Coff targets except that they use the external symbol format
54 or use different values for certain constants.
56 The generic routines are in @file{coffgen.c}. These routines
57 work for any Coff target. They use some hooks into the target
58 specific code; the hooks are in a @code{bfd_coff_backend_data}
59 structure, one of which exists for each target.
61 The essentially similar target-specific routines are in
62 @file{coffcode.h}. This header file includes executable C code.
63 The various Coff targets first include the appropriate Coff
64 header file, make any special defines that are needed, and
65 then include @file{coffcode.h}.
67 Some of the Coff targets then also have additional routines in
68 the target source file itself.
70 For example, @file{coff-i960.c} includes
71 @file{coff/internal.h} and @file{coff/i960.h}. It then
72 defines a few constants, such as @code{I960}, and includes
73 @file{coffcode.h}. Since the i960 has complex relocation
74 types, @file{coff-i960.c} also includes some code to
75 manipulate the i960 relocs. This code is not in
76 @file{coffcode.h} because it would not be used by any other
79 @subsubsection Bit twiddling
80 Each flavour of coff supported in BFD has its own header file
81 describing the external layout of the structures. There is also
82 an internal description of the coff layout, in
83 @file{coff/internal.h}. A major function of the
84 coff backend is swapping the bytes and twiddling the bits to
85 translate the external form of the structures into the normal
86 internal form. This is all performed in the
87 @code{bfd_swap}_@i{thing}_@i{direction} routines. Some
88 elements are different sizes between different versions of
89 coff; it is the duty of the coff version specific include file
90 to override the definitions of various packing routines in
91 @file{coffcode.h}. E.g., the size of line number entry in coff is
92 sometimes 16 bits, and sometimes 32 bits. @code{#define}ing
93 @code{PUT_LNSZ_LNNO} and @code{GET_LNSZ_LNNO} will select the
94 correct one. No doubt, some day someone will find a version of
95 coff which has a varying field size not catered to at the
96 moment. To port BFD, that person will have to add more @code{#defines}.
97 Three of the bit twiddling routines are exported to
98 @code{gdb}; @code{coff_swap_aux_in}, @code{coff_swap_sym_in}
99 and @code{coff_swap_lineno_in}. @code{GDB} reads the symbol
100 table on its own, but uses BFD to fix things up. More of the
101 bit twiddlers are exported for @code{gas};
102 @code{coff_swap_aux_out}, @code{coff_swap_sym_out},
103 @code{coff_swap_lineno_out}, @code{coff_swap_reloc_out},
104 @code{coff_swap_filehdr_out}, @code{coff_swap_aouthdr_out},
105 @code{coff_swap_scnhdr_out}. @code{Gas} currently keeps track
106 of all the symbol table and reloc drudgery itself, thereby
107 saving the internal BFD overhead, but uses BFD to swap things
108 on the way out, making cross ports much safer. Doing so also
109 allows BFD (and thus the linker) to use the same header files
110 as @code{gas}, which makes one avenue to disaster disappear.
112 @subsubsection Symbol reading
113 The simple canonical form for symbols used by BFD is not rich
114 enough to keep all the information available in a coff symbol
115 table. The back end gets around this problem by keeping the original
116 symbol table around, "behind the scenes".
118 When a symbol table is requested (through a call to
119 @code{bfd_canonicalize_symtab}), a request gets through to
120 @code{coff_get_normalized_symtab}. This reads the symbol table from
121 the coff file and swaps all the structures inside into the
122 internal form. It also fixes up all the pointers in the table
123 (represented in the file by offsets from the first symbol in
124 the table) into physical pointers to elements in the new
125 internal table. This involves some work since the meanings of
126 fields change depending upon context: a field that is a
127 pointer to another structure in the symbol table at one moment
128 may be the size in bytes of a structure at the next. Another
129 pass is made over the table. All symbols which mark file names
130 (@code{C_FILE} symbols) are modified so that the internal
131 string points to the value in the auxent (the real filename)
132 rather than the normal text associated with the symbol
135 At this time the symbol names are moved around. Coff stores
136 all symbols less than nine characters long physically
137 within the symbol table; longer strings are kept at the end of
138 the file in the string table. This pass moves all strings
139 into memory and replaces them with pointers to the strings.
141 The symbol table is massaged once again, this time to create
142 the canonical table used by the BFD application. Each symbol
143 is inspected in turn, and a decision made (using the
144 @code{sclass} field) about the various flags to set in the
145 @code{asymbol}. @xref{Symbols}. The generated canonical table
146 shares strings with the hidden internal symbol table.
148 Any linenumbers are read from the coff file too, and attached
149 to the symbols which own the functions the linenumbers belong to.
151 @subsubsection Symbol writing
152 Writing a symbol to a coff file which didn't come from a coff
153 file will lose any debugging information. The @code{asymbol}
154 structure remembers the BFD from which the symbol was taken, and on
155 output the back end makes sure that the same destination target as
156 source target is present.
158 When the symbols have come from a coff file then all the
159 debugging information is preserved.
161 Symbol tables are provided for writing to the back end in a
162 vector of pointers to pointers. This allows applications like
163 the linker to accumulate and output large symbol tables
164 without having to do too much byte copying.
166 This function runs through the provided symbol table and
167 patches each symbol marked as a file place holder
168 (@code{C_FILE}) to point to the next file place holder in the
169 list. It also marks each @code{offset} field in the list with
170 the offset from the first symbol of the current symbol.
172 Another function of this procedure is to turn the canonical
173 value form of BFD into the form used by coff. Internally, BFD
174 expects symbol values to be offsets from a section base; so a
175 symbol physically at 0x120, but in a section starting at
176 0x100, would have the value 0x20. Coff expects symbols to
177 contain their final value, so symbols have their values
178 changed at this point to reflect their sum with their owning
179 section. This transformation uses the
180 @code{output_section} field of the @code{asymbol}'s
181 @code{asection} @xref{Sections}.
186 @code{coff_mangle_symbols}
188 This routine runs though the provided symbol table and uses
189 the offsets generated by the previous pass and the pointers
190 generated when the symbol table was read in to create the
191 structured hierarchy required by coff. It changes each pointer
192 to a symbol into the index into the symbol table of the asymbol.
197 @code{coff_write_symbols}
199 This routine runs through the symbol table and patches up the
200 symbols from their internal form into the coff way, calls the
201 bit twiddlers, and writes out the table to the file.
203 @findex coff_symbol_type
204 @subsubsection @code{coff_symbol_type}
205 @strong{Description}@*
206 The hidden information for an @code{asymbol} is described in a
207 @code{combined_entry_type}:
212 typedef struct coff_ptr_struct
214 /* Remembers the offset from the first symbol in the file for
215 this symbol. Generated by coff_renumber_symbols. */
218 /* Should the value of this symbol be renumbered. Used for
219 XCOFF C_BSTAT symbols. Set by coff_slurp_symbol_table. */
220 unsigned int fix_value : 1;
222 /* Should the tag field of this symbol be renumbered.
223 Created by coff_pointerize_aux. */
224 unsigned int fix_tag : 1;
226 /* Should the endidx field of this symbol be renumbered.
227 Created by coff_pointerize_aux. */
228 unsigned int fix_end : 1;
230 /* Should the x_csect.x_scnlen field be renumbered.
231 Created by coff_pointerize_aux. */
232 unsigned int fix_scnlen : 1;
234 /* Fix up an XCOFF C_BINCL/C_EINCL symbol. The value is the
235 index into the line number entries. Set by coff_slurp_symbol_table. */
236 unsigned int fix_line : 1;
238 /* The container for the symbol structure as read and translated
242 union internal_auxent auxent;
243 struct internal_syment syment;
245 @} combined_entry_type;
248 /* Each canonical asymbol really looks like this: */
250 typedef struct coff_symbol_struct
252 /* The actual symbol which the rest of BFD works with */
255 /* A pointer to the hidden information for this symbol */
256 combined_entry_type *native;
258 /* A pointer to the linenumber information for this symbol */
259 struct lineno_cache_entry *lineno;
261 /* Have the line numbers been relocated yet ? */
262 bfd_boolean done_lineno;
265 @findex bfd_coff_backend_data
266 @subsubsection @code{bfd_coff_backend_data}
269 /* COFF symbol classifications. */
271 enum coff_symbol_classification
277 /* Undefined symbol. */
278 COFF_SYMBOL_UNDEFINED,
281 /* PE section symbol. */
282 COFF_SYMBOL_PE_SECTION
286 Special entry points for gdb to swap in coff symbol table parts:
290 void (*_bfd_coff_swap_aux_in)
291 (bfd *, void *, int, int, int, int, void *);
293 void (*_bfd_coff_swap_sym_in)
294 (bfd *, void *, void *);
296 void (*_bfd_coff_swap_lineno_in)
297 (bfd *, void *, void *);
299 unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_aux_out)
300 (bfd *, void *, int, int, int, int, void *);
302 unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_sym_out)
303 (bfd *, void *, void *);
305 unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_lineno_out)
306 (bfd *, void *, void *);
308 unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_reloc_out)
309 (bfd *, void *, void *);
311 unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_out)
312 (bfd *, void *, void *);
314 unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_out)
315 (bfd *, void *, void *);
317 unsigned int (*_bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_out)
318 (bfd *, void *, void *);
320 unsigned int _bfd_filhsz;
321 unsigned int _bfd_aoutsz;
322 unsigned int _bfd_scnhsz;
323 unsigned int _bfd_symesz;
324 unsigned int _bfd_auxesz;
325 unsigned int _bfd_relsz;
326 unsigned int _bfd_linesz;
327 unsigned int _bfd_filnmlen;
328 bfd_boolean _bfd_coff_long_filenames;
329 bfd_boolean _bfd_coff_long_section_names;
330 unsigned int _bfd_coff_default_section_alignment_power;
331 bfd_boolean _bfd_coff_force_symnames_in_strings;
332 unsigned int _bfd_coff_debug_string_prefix_length;
334 void (*_bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_in)
335 (bfd *, void *, void *);
337 void (*_bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_in)
338 (bfd *, void *, void *);
340 void (*_bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_in)
341 (bfd *, void *, void *);
343 void (*_bfd_coff_swap_reloc_in)
344 (bfd *abfd, void *, void *);
346 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_bad_format_hook)
349 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_set_arch_mach_hook)
352 void * (*_bfd_coff_mkobject_hook)
353 (bfd *, void *, void *);
355 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_styp_to_sec_flags_hook)
356 (bfd *, void *, const char *, asection *, flagword *);
358 void (*_bfd_set_alignment_hook)
359 (bfd *, asection *, void *);
361 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_slurp_symbol_table)
364 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_symname_in_debug)
365 (bfd *, struct internal_syment *);
367 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_pointerize_aux_hook)
368 (bfd *, combined_entry_type *, combined_entry_type *,
369 unsigned int, combined_entry_type *);
371 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_print_aux)
372 (bfd *, FILE *, combined_entry_type *, combined_entry_type *,
373 combined_entry_type *, unsigned int);
375 void (*_bfd_coff_reloc16_extra_cases)
376 (bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *, struct bfd_link_order *, arelent *,
377 bfd_byte *, unsigned int *, unsigned int *);
379 int (*_bfd_coff_reloc16_estimate)
380 (bfd *, asection *, arelent *, unsigned int,
381 struct bfd_link_info *);
383 enum coff_symbol_classification (*_bfd_coff_classify_symbol)
384 (bfd *, struct internal_syment *);
386 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_compute_section_file_positions)
389 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_start_final_link)
390 (bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *);
392 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_relocate_section)
393 (bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *, bfd *, asection *, bfd_byte *,
394 struct internal_reloc *, struct internal_syment *, asection **);
396 reloc_howto_type *(*_bfd_coff_rtype_to_howto)
397 (bfd *, asection *, struct internal_reloc *,
398 struct coff_link_hash_entry *, struct internal_syment *,
401 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_adjust_symndx)
402 (bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *, bfd *, asection *,
403 struct internal_reloc *, bfd_boolean *);
405 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_link_add_one_symbol)
406 (struct bfd_link_info *, bfd *, const char *, flagword,
407 asection *, bfd_vma, const char *, bfd_boolean, bfd_boolean,
408 struct bfd_link_hash_entry **);
410 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_link_output_has_begun)
411 (bfd *, struct coff_final_link_info *);
413 bfd_boolean (*_bfd_coff_final_link_postscript)
414 (bfd *, struct coff_final_link_info *);
416 @} bfd_coff_backend_data;
418 #define coff_backend_info(abfd) \
419 ((bfd_coff_backend_data *) (abfd)->xvec->backend_data)
421 #define bfd_coff_swap_aux_in(a,e,t,c,ind,num,i) \
422 ((coff_backend_info (a)->_bfd_coff_swap_aux_in) (a,e,t,c,ind,num,i))
424 #define bfd_coff_swap_sym_in(a,e,i) \
425 ((coff_backend_info (a)->_bfd_coff_swap_sym_in) (a,e,i))
427 #define bfd_coff_swap_lineno_in(a,e,i) \
428 ((coff_backend_info ( a)->_bfd_coff_swap_lineno_in) (a,e,i))
430 #define bfd_coff_swap_reloc_out(abfd, i, o) \
431 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_reloc_out) (abfd, i, o))
433 #define bfd_coff_swap_lineno_out(abfd, i, o) \
434 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_lineno_out) (abfd, i, o))
436 #define bfd_coff_swap_aux_out(a,i,t,c,ind,num,o) \
437 ((coff_backend_info (a)->_bfd_coff_swap_aux_out) (a,i,t,c,ind,num,o))
439 #define bfd_coff_swap_sym_out(abfd, i,o) \
440 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_sym_out) (abfd, i, o))
442 #define bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_out(abfd, i,o) \
443 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_out) (abfd, i, o))
445 #define bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_out(abfd, i,o) \
446 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_out) (abfd, i, o))
448 #define bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_out(abfd, i,o) \
449 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_out) (abfd, i, o))
451 #define bfd_coff_filhsz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_filhsz)
452 #define bfd_coff_aoutsz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_aoutsz)
453 #define bfd_coff_scnhsz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_scnhsz)
454 #define bfd_coff_symesz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_symesz)
455 #define bfd_coff_auxesz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_auxesz)
456 #define bfd_coff_relsz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_relsz)
457 #define bfd_coff_linesz(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_linesz)
458 #define bfd_coff_filnmlen(abfd) (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_filnmlen)
459 #define bfd_coff_long_filenames(abfd) \
460 (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_long_filenames)
461 #define bfd_coff_long_section_names(abfd) \
462 (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_long_section_names)
463 #define bfd_coff_default_section_alignment_power(abfd) \
464 (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_default_section_alignment_power)
465 #define bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_in(abfd, i,o) \
466 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_filehdr_in) (abfd, i, o))
468 #define bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_in(abfd, i,o) \
469 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_aouthdr_in) (abfd, i, o))
471 #define bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_in(abfd, i,o) \
472 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_scnhdr_in) (abfd, i, o))
474 #define bfd_coff_swap_reloc_in(abfd, i, o) \
475 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_swap_reloc_in) (abfd, i, o))
477 #define bfd_coff_bad_format_hook(abfd, filehdr) \
478 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_bad_format_hook) (abfd, filehdr))
480 #define bfd_coff_set_arch_mach_hook(abfd, filehdr)\
481 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_set_arch_mach_hook) (abfd, filehdr))
482 #define bfd_coff_mkobject_hook(abfd, filehdr, aouthdr)\
483 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_mkobject_hook)\
484 (abfd, filehdr, aouthdr))
486 #define bfd_coff_styp_to_sec_flags_hook(abfd, scnhdr, name, section, flags_ptr)\
487 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_styp_to_sec_flags_hook)\
488 (abfd, scnhdr, name, section, flags_ptr))
490 #define bfd_coff_set_alignment_hook(abfd, sec, scnhdr)\
491 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_set_alignment_hook) (abfd, sec, scnhdr))
493 #define bfd_coff_slurp_symbol_table(abfd)\
494 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_slurp_symbol_table) (abfd))
496 #define bfd_coff_symname_in_debug(abfd, sym)\
497 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_symname_in_debug) (abfd, sym))
499 #define bfd_coff_force_symnames_in_strings(abfd)\
500 (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_force_symnames_in_strings)
502 #define bfd_coff_debug_string_prefix_length(abfd)\
503 (coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_debug_string_prefix_length)
505 #define bfd_coff_print_aux(abfd, file, base, symbol, aux, indaux)\
506 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_print_aux)\
507 (abfd, file, base, symbol, aux, indaux))
509 #define bfd_coff_reloc16_extra_cases(abfd, link_info, link_order,\
510 reloc, data, src_ptr, dst_ptr)\
511 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_reloc16_extra_cases)\
512 (abfd, link_info, link_order, reloc, data, src_ptr, dst_ptr))
514 #define bfd_coff_reloc16_estimate(abfd, section, reloc, shrink, link_info)\
515 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_reloc16_estimate)\
516 (abfd, section, reloc, shrink, link_info))
518 #define bfd_coff_classify_symbol(abfd, sym)\
519 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_classify_symbol)\
522 #define bfd_coff_compute_section_file_positions(abfd)\
523 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_compute_section_file_positions)\
526 #define bfd_coff_start_final_link(obfd, info)\
527 ((coff_backend_info (obfd)->_bfd_coff_start_final_link)\
529 #define bfd_coff_relocate_section(obfd,info,ibfd,o,con,rel,isyms,secs)\
530 ((coff_backend_info (ibfd)->_bfd_coff_relocate_section)\
531 (obfd, info, ibfd, o, con, rel, isyms, secs))
532 #define bfd_coff_rtype_to_howto(abfd, sec, rel, h, sym, addendp)\
533 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_rtype_to_howto)\
534 (abfd, sec, rel, h, sym, addendp))
535 #define bfd_coff_adjust_symndx(obfd, info, ibfd, sec, rel, adjustedp)\
536 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_adjust_symndx)\
537 (obfd, info, ibfd, sec, rel, adjustedp))
538 #define bfd_coff_link_add_one_symbol(info, abfd, name, flags, section,\
539 value, string, cp, coll, hashp)\
540 ((coff_backend_info (abfd)->_bfd_coff_link_add_one_symbol)\
541 (info, abfd, name, flags, section, value, string, cp, coll, hashp))
543 #define bfd_coff_link_output_has_begun(a,p) \
544 ((coff_backend_info (a)->_bfd_coff_link_output_has_begun) (a, p))
545 #define bfd_coff_final_link_postscript(a,p) \
546 ((coff_backend_info (a)->_bfd_coff_final_link_postscript) (a, p))
549 @subsubsection Writing relocations
550 To write relocations, the back end steps though the
551 canonical relocation table and create an
552 @code{internal_reloc}. The symbol index to use is removed from
553 the @code{offset} field in the symbol table supplied. The
554 address comes directly from the sum of the section base
555 address and the relocation offset; the type is dug directly
556 from the howto field. Then the @code{internal_reloc} is
557 swapped into the shape of an @code{external_reloc} and written
560 @subsubsection Reading linenumbers
561 Creating the linenumber table is done by reading in the entire
562 coff linenumber table, and creating another table for internal use.
564 A coff linenumber table is structured so that each function
565 is marked as having a line number of 0. Each line within the
566 function is an offset from the first line in the function. The
567 base of the line number information for the table is stored in
568 the symbol associated with the function.
570 Note: The PE format uses line number 0 for a flag indicating a
573 The information is copied from the external to the internal
574 table, and each symbol which marks a function is marked by
579 @subsubsection Reading relocations
580 Coff relocations are easily transformed into the internal BFD form
583 Reading a coff relocation table is done in the following stages:
588 Read the entire coff relocation table into memory.
591 Process each relocation in turn; first swap it from the
592 external to the internal form.
595 Turn the symbol referenced in the relocation's symbol index
596 into a pointer into the canonical symbol table.
597 This table is the same as the one returned by a call to
598 @code{bfd_canonicalize_symtab}. The back end will call that
599 routine and save the result if a canonicalization hasn't been done.
602 The reloc index is turned into a pointer to a howto
603 structure, in a back end specific way. For instance, the 386
604 and 960 use the @code{r_type} to directly produce an index
605 into a howto table vector; the 88k subtracts a number from the
606 @code{r_type} field and creates an addend field.