4 * Fix NASM crashing when %macro directives were left unterminated.
5 * Lots of documentation updates.
6 * Complete rewrite of the PostScript/PDF documentation generator.
7 * The MS Visual C++ Makefile was updated and corrected.
8 * Recognize .rodata as a standard section name in ELF.
9 * Fix some obsolete Perl4-isms in Perl scripts.
10 * Fix configure.in to work with autoconf 2.5x.
11 * Fix a couple of "make cleaner" misses.
17 * Correctly build in a separate object directory again.
18 * Derive all references to the version number from the version file.
19 * New standard macros __NASM_SUBMINOR__ and __NASM_VER__ macros.
20 * Lots of Makefile updates and bug fixes.
21 * New %ifmacro directive to test for multiline macros.
22 * Documentation updates.
23 * Fixes for 16-bit OBJ format output.
24 * Changed the NASM environment variable to NASMENV.
30 * Changed doc files a lot: completely removed old READMExx and
31 Wishlist files, incorporating all information in CHANGES and TODO.
32 * I waited a long time to rename zoutieee.c to (original) outieee.c
33 * moved all output modules to output/ subdirectory.
34 * Added 'make strip' target to strip debug info from nasm & ndisasm.
35 * Added INSTALL file with installation instructions.
36 * Added -v option description to nasm man.
37 * Added dist makefile target to produce source distributions.
38 * 16-bit support for ELF output format (GNU extension, but useful.)
44 * Fastcooked this for Debian's Woody release:
45 Frank applied the INCBIN bug patch to 0.98.25alt and called
46 it 0.98.28 to not confuse poor little apt-get.
52 * Reorganised files even better from 0.98.25alt
58 * Prettified the source tree. Moved files to more
60 * Added findleak.pl script to misc/ directory.
61 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
67 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
73 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
79 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
85 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
91 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
97 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
103 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
109 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
115 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
121 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
127 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
133 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
139 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
145 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
151 * FIXME: Frank, document this please.
154 0.98.09b with John Coffman patches released 28-Oct-2001
155 -------------------------------------------------------
157 Changes from 0.98.07 release to 98.09b as of 28-Oct-2001
159 * More closely compatible with 0.98 when -O0 is implied
160 or specified. Not strictly identical, since backward
161 branches in range of short offsets are recognized, and signed
162 byte values with no explicit size specification will be
163 assembled as a single byte.
165 * More forgiving with the PUSH instruction. 0.98 requires
166 a size to be specified always. 0.98.09b will imply the size
167 from the current BITS setting (16 or 32).
169 * Changed definition of the optimization flag:
171 -O0 strict two-pass assembly, JMP and Jcc are
172 handled more like 0.98, except that back-
173 ward JMPs are short, if possible.
175 -O1 strict two-pass assembly, but forward
176 branches are assembled with code guaranteed
177 to reach; may produce larger code than
178 -O0, but will produce successful assembly
179 more often if branch offset sizes are not
182 -O2 multi-pass optimization, minimize branch
183 offsets; also will minimize signed immed-
184 iate bytes, overriding size specification.
186 -O3 like -O2, but more passes taken, if needed
189 0.98.07 released 01/28/01
190 -------------------------
192 * fbk - added Stepane Denis' SSE2 instructions to a *working*
193 version of the code - some earlier versions were based on
194 broken code - sorry 'bout that. version "0.98.07"
200 * fbk - cosmetic modifications to nasm.c, nasm.h,
204 0.98.06f released 01/18/01
205 --------------------------
207 * fbk - "metalbrain"s jecxz bug fix in insns.dat
208 - alter nasmdoc.src to match - version "0.98.06f"
211 0.98.06e released 01/09/01
212 --------------------------
214 * fbk - removed the "outforms.h" file - it appears to be
215 someone's old backup of "outform.h". version "0.98.06e"
221 * fbk - finally added the fix for the "multiple %includes bug",
222 known since 7/27/99 - reported originally (?) and sent to
223 us by Austin Lunnen - he reports that John Fine had a fix
224 within the day. Here it is...
226 * Nelson Rush resigns from the group. Big thanks to Nelson for
227 his leadership and enthusiasm in getting these changes
228 incorporated into Nasm!
230 * fbk - [list +], [list -] directives - ineptly implemented, should
231 be re-written or removed, perhaps.
233 * Brian Raiter / fbk - "elfso bug" fix - applied to aoutb format
234 as well - testing might be desirable...
240 * James Seter - -postfix, -prefix command line switches.
241 * Yuri Zaporogets - rdoff utility changes.
247 * GAS-like palign (Panos Minos)
248 * FIXME: Frank, fill this in with details
251 0.98bf (bug-fixed, aka brain-fuck)
252 ----------------------------------
254 * FIXME: Frank, fill this in
257 0.98.03 with John Coffman's changes released 27-Jul-2000
258 --------------------------------------------------------
260 * Added signed byte optimizations for the 0x81/0x83 class
261 of instructions: ADC, ADD, AND, CMP, OR, SBB, SUB, XOR:
262 when used as 'ADD reg16,imm' or 'ADD reg32,imm.' Also
263 optimization of signed byte form of 'PUSH imm' and 'IMUL
264 reg,imm'/'IMUL reg,reg,imm.' No size specification is needed.
266 * Added multi-pass JMP and Jcc offset optimization. Offsets
267 on forward references will preferentially use the short form,
268 without the need to code a specific size (short or near) for
269 the branch. Added instructions for 'Jcc label' to use the
270 form 'Jnotcc $+3/JMP label', in cases where a short offset
271 is out of bounds. If compiling for a 386 or higher CPU, then
272 the 386 form of Jcc will be used instead.
274 This feature is controlled by a new command-line switch: "O",
275 (upper case letter O). "-O0" reverts the assembler to no
276 extra optimization passes, "-O1" allows up to 5 extra passes,
277 and "-O2"(default), allows up to 10 extra optimization passes.
279 * Added a new directive: 'cpu XXX', where XXX is any of:
280 8086, 186, 286, 386, 486, 586, pentium, 686, PPro, P2, P3 or
281 Katmai. All are case insensitive. All instructions will
282 be selected only if they apply to the selected cpu or lower.
283 Corrected a couple of bugs in cpu-dependence in 'insns.dat'.
285 * Added to 'standard.mac', the "use16" and "use32" forms of
286 the "bits 16/32" directive. This is nothing new, just conforms
287 to a lot of other assemblers. (minor)
289 * Changed label allocation from 320/32 (10000 labels @ 200K+)
290 to 32/37 (1000 labels); makes running under DOS much easier.
291 Since additional label space is allocated dynamically, this
292 should have no effect on large programs with lots of labels.
293 The 37 is a prime, believed to be better for hashing. (minor)
295 * Integrated patchfile 0.98-0.98.01. I call this version
296 0.98.03, for historical reasons: 0.98.02 was trashed.
298 --John Coffman <johninsd@san.rr.com> 27-Jul-2000
301 Kendall Bennett's SciTech MGL changes
302 -------------------------------------
303 Note that you must define "TASM_COMPAT" at compile-time
304 to get the Tasm Ideal Mode compatibility.
306 All changes can be compiled in and out using the TASM_COMPAT macros,
307 and when compiled without TASM_COMPAT defined we get the exact same
308 binary as the unmodified 0.98 sources.
310 standard.mac, macros.c:
311 . Added macros to ignore TASM directives before first include
314 . Added extern declaration for tasm_compatible_mode
317 . Added global variable tasm_compatible_mode
318 . Added command line switch for TASM compatible mode (-t)
319 . Changed version command line to reflect when compiled with TASM additions
320 . Added response file processing to allow all arguments on a single
321 line (response file is @resp rather than -@resp for NASM format).
324 . Changes islocal() macro to support TASM style @@local labels.
325 . Added islocalchar() macro to support TASM style @@local labels.
328 . Added support for TASM style memory references (ie: mov [DWORD eax],10
329 rather than the NASM style mov DWORD [eax],10).
332 . Added new directives, %arg, %local, %stacksize to directives table
333 . Added support for TASM style directives without a leading % symbol.
335 Integrated a block of changes from Andrew Zabolotny <bit@eltech.ru>:
337 * A new keyword %xdefine and its case-insensitive counterpart %ixdefine.
338 They work almost the same way as %define and %idefine but expand
339 the definition immediately, not on the invocation. Something like a cross
340 between %define and %assign. The "x" suffix stands for "eXpand", so
341 "xdefine" can be deciphered as "expand-and-define". Thus you can do
347 %xdefine %1 dword [esp+ofs]
351 * Changed the place where the expansion of %$name macros are expanded.
352 Now they are converted into ..@ctxnum.name form when detokenizing, so
353 there are no quirks as before when using %$name arguments to macros,
354 in macros etc. For example:
363 Now last line will be expanded into "hello" as expected. This also allows
364 for lots of goodies, a good example are extended "proc" macros included
367 * Added a check for "cstk" in smacro_defined() before calling get_ctx() -
368 this allows for things like:
373 to work without warnings even in no context.
375 * Added a check for "cstk" in %if*ctx and %elif*ctx directives -
376 this allows to use %ifctx without excessive warnings. If there is
377 no active context, %ifctx goes through "false" branch.
379 * Removed "user error: " prefix with %error directive: it just clobbers the
380 output and has absolutely no functionality. Besides, this allows to write
381 macros that does not differ from built-in functions in any way.
383 * Added expansion of string that is output by %error directive. Now you
386 %define hello(x) Hello, x!
389 %error "hello(%$name)"
391 Same happened with %include directive.
393 * Now all directives that expect an identifier will try to expand and
394 concatenate everything without whitespaces in between before usage.
395 For example, with "unfixed" nasm the commands
398 %define __%$abc goodbye
401 would produce "incorrect" output: last line will expand to
405 Not quite what you expected, eh? :-) The answer is that preprocessor
406 treats the %define construct as if it would be
408 %define __ %$abc goodbye
410 (note the white space between __ and %$abc). After my "fix" it
411 will "correctly" expand into
415 as expected. Note that I use quotes around words "correct", "incorrect"
416 etc because this is rather a feature not a bug; however current behaviour
417 is more logical (and allows more advanced macro usage :-).
419 Same change was applied to:
420 %push,%macro,%imacro,%define,%idefine,%xdefine,%ixdefine,
421 %assign,%iassign,%undef
423 * A new directive [WARNING {+|-}warning-id] have been added. It works only
424 if the assembly phase is enabled (i.e. it doesn't work with nasm -e).
426 * A new warning type: macro-selfref. By default this warning is disabled;
427 when enabled NASM warns when a macro self-references itself; for example
428 the following source:
430 [WARNING macro-selfref]
441 will produce a warning, but if we remove the first line we won't see it
442 anymore (which is The Right Thing To Do {tm} IMHO since C preprocessor
443 eats such constructs without warnings at all).
445 * Added a "error" routine to preprocessor which always will set ERR_PASS1
446 bit in severity_code. This removes annoying repeated errors on first
447 and second passes from preprocessor.
449 * Added the %+ operator in single-line macros for concatenating two
450 identifiers. Usage example:
452 %define _myfunc _otherfunc
453 %define cextern(x) _ %+ x
456 After first expansion, third line will become "_myfunc". After this
457 expansion is performed again so it becomes "_otherunc".
459 * Now if preprocessor is in a non-emmitting state, no warning or error
460 will be emmitted. Example:
465 put anything you want between these two brackets,
466 even macro-parameter references %1 or local labels %$zz
467 or macro-local labels %%zz - no warning will be emmitted.
470 * Context-local variables on expansion as a last resort are looked up
471 in outer contexts. For example, the following piece:
481 will expand correctly the fourth line to [esp]; if we'll define another
482 %$a inside the "inner" context, it will take precedence over outer
483 definition. However, this modification has been applied only to
484 expand_smacro and not to smacro_define: as a consequence expansion
485 looks in outer contexts, but %ifdef won't look in outer contexts.
487 This behaviour is needed because we don't want nested contexts to
488 act on already defined local macros. Example:
490 %define %$arg1 [esp+4]
496 In this example the "if" mmacro enters into the "if" context, so %$arg1
497 is not valid anymore inside "if". Of course it could be worked around
498 by using explicitely %$$arg1 but this is ugly IMHO.
500 * Fixed memory leak in %undef. The origline wasn't freed before
503 * Fixed trap in preprocessor when line expanded to empty set of tokens.
504 This happens, for example, in the following case:
513 All changes since NASM 0.98p3 have been produced by H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>.
515 * The documentation comment delimiter is \# not #.
516 * Allow EQU definitions to refer to external labels; reported by
518 * Re-enable support for RDOFF v1; reported by Pedro Gimeno.
519 * Updated License file per OK from Simon and Julian.
525 * Update documentation (although the instruction set reference will
526 have to wait; I don't want to hold up the 0.98 release for it.)
527 * Verified that the NASM implementation of the PEXTRW and PMOVMSKB
528 instructions is correct. The encoding differs from what the Intel
529 manuals document, but the Pentium III behaviour matches NASM, not
531 * Fix handling of implicit sizes in PSHUFW and PINSRW, reported by
533 * Resurrect the -s option, which was removed when changing the
534 diagnostic output to stdout.
540 * Fix for "DB" when NASM is running on a bigendian machine.
541 * Invoke insns.pl once for each output script, making Makefile.in
543 * Improve the Unix configure-based makefiles to make package
545 * Included an RPM .spec file for building RPM (RedHat Package Manager)
546 packages on Linux or Unix systems.
547 * Fix Makefile dependency problems.
548 * Change src/rdsrc.pl to include sectioning information in info
549 output; required for install-info to work.
550 * Updated the RDOFF distribution to version 2 from Jules; minor
551 massaging to make it compile in my environment.
552 * Split doc files that can be built by anyone with a Perl interpreter off
553 into a separate archive.
554 * "Dress rehearsal" release!
560 * Fixed opcodes with a third byte-sized immediate argument to not
561 complain if given "byte" on the immediate.
562 * Allow %undef to remove single-line macros with arguments. This
563 matches the behaviour of #undef in the C preprocessor.
564 * Allow -d, -u, -i and -p to be specified as -D, -U, -I and -P for
565 compatibility with most C compilers and preprocessors. This allows
566 Makefile options to be shared between cc and nasm, for example.
568 * Went through the list of Katmai instructions and hopefully fixed the
569 (rather few) mistakes in it.
570 * (Hopefully) fixed a number of disassembler bugs related to ambiguous
571 instructions (disambiguated by -p) and SSE instructions with REP.
572 * Fix for bug reported by Mark Junger: "call dword 0x12345678" should
573 work and may add an OSP (affected CALL, JMP, Jcc).
574 * Fix for environments when "stderr" isn't a compile-time constant.
580 * Took officially over coordination of the 0.98 release; so drop
581 the p3.x notation. Skipped p4 and p5 to avoid confusion with John
582 Fine's J4 and J5 releases.
583 * Update the documentation; however, it still doesn't include
584 documentation for the various new instructions. I somehow wonder if
585 it makes sense to have an instruction set reference in the assembler
586 manual when Intel et al have PDF versions of their manuals online.
587 * Recognize "idt" or "centaur" for the -p option to ndisasm.
588 * Changed error messages back to stderr where they belong, but add an
589 -E option to redirect them elsewhere (the DOS shell cannot redirect
591 * -M option to generate Makefile dependencies (based on code from Alex
593 * %undef preprocessor directive, and -u option, that undefines a
595 * OS/2 Makefile (Mkfiles/Makefile.os2) for Borland under OS/2; from
597 * Various minor bugfixes (reported by):
598 - Dangling %s in preproc.c (Martin Junker)
599 * THERE ARE KNOWN BUGS IN SSE AND THE OTHER KATMAI INSTRUCTIONS. I am
600 on a trip and didn't bring the Katmai instruction reference, so I
601 can't work on them right now.
602 * Updated the License file per agreement with Simon and Jules to
603 include a GPL distribution clause.
609 * (Hopefully) fixed the canned Makefiles to include the outrdf2 and
611 * Renamed changes.asm to changed.asm.
617 * Fixed a bunch of instructions that were added in 0.98p3.5 which had
618 memory operands, and the address-size prefix was missing from the
625 * Merged in changes from John S. Fine's 0.98-J5 release. John's based
626 0.98-J5 on my 0.98p3.3 release; this merges the changes.
627 * Expanded the instructions flag field to a long so we can fit more
628 flags; mark SSE (KNI) and AMD or Katmai-specific instructions as
630 * Fix the "PRIV" flag on a bunch of instructions, and create new
631 "PROT" flag for protected-mode-only instructions (orthogonal to if
632 the instruction is privileged!) and new "SMM" flag for SMM-only
634 * Added AMD-only SYSCALL and SYSRET instructions.
635 * Make SSE actually work, and add new Katmai MMX instructions.
636 * Added a -p (preferred vendor) option to ndisasm so that it can
637 distinguish e.g. Cyrix opcodes also used in SSE. For example:
639 ndisasm -p cyrix aliased.bin
640 00000000 670F514310 paddsiw mm0,[ebx+0x10]
641 00000005 670F514320 paddsiw mm0,[ebx+0x20]
642 ndisasm -p intel aliased.bin
643 00000000 670F514310 sqrtps xmm0,[ebx+0x10]
644 00000005 670F514320 sqrtps xmm0,[ebx+0x20]
645 * Added a bunch of Cyrix-specific instructions.
651 * Made at least an attempt to modify all the additional Makefiles (in
652 the Mkfiles directory). I can't test it, but this was the best I
654 * DOS DJGPP+"Opus Make" Makefile from John S. Fine.
655 * changes.asm changes from John S. Fine.
661 * Patch from Conan Brink to allow nesting of %rep directives.
662 * If we're going to allow INT01 as an alias for INT1/ICEBP (one of
663 Jules 0.98p3 changes), then we should allow INT03 as an alias for INT3
665 * Updated changes.asm to include the latest changes.
666 * Tried to clean up the <CR>s that had snuck in from a DOS/Windows
667 environment into my Unix environment, and try to make sure than
668 DOS/Windows users get them back.
669 * We would silently generate broken tools if insns.dat wasn't sorted
670 properly. Change insns.pl so that the order doesn't matter.
671 * Fix bug in insns.pl (introduced by me) which would cause conditional
672 instructions to have an extra "cc" in disassembly, e.g. "jnz"
673 disassembled as "jccnz".
679 * Merged in John S. Fine's changes from his 0.98-J4 prerelease; see
680 http://www.csoft.net/cz/johnfine/
681 * Changed previous "spotless" Makefile target (appropriate for distribution)
682 to "distclean", and added "cleaner" target which is same as "clean"
683 except deletes files generated by Perl scripts; "spotless" is union.
684 * Removed BASIC programs from distribution. Get a Perl interpreter
686 * Calling this "pre-release 3.2" rather than "p3-hpa2" because of
687 John's contributions.
688 * Actually link in the IEEE output format (zoutieee.c); fix a bunch of
689 compiler warnings in that file. Note I don't know what IEEE output
690 is supposed to look like, so these changes were made "blind".
696 * Merged nasm098p3.zip with nasm-0.97.tar.gz to create a fully
697 buildable version for Unix systems (Makefile.in updates, etc.)
698 * Changed insns.pl to create the instruction tables in nasm.h and
699 names.c, so that a new instruction can be added by adding it *only*
701 * Added the following new instructions: SYSENTER, SYSEXIT, FXSAVE,
702 FXRSTOR, UD1, UD2 (the latter two are two opcodes that Intel
703 guarantee will never be used; one of them is documented as UD2 in
704 Intel documentation, the other one just as "Undefined Opcode" --
705 calling it UD1 seemed to make sense.)
706 * MAX_SYMBOL was defined to be 9, but LOADALL286 and LOADALL386 are 10
707 characters long. Now MAX_SYMBOL is derived from insns.dat.
708 * A note on the BASIC programs included: forget them. insns.bas is
709 already out of date. Get yourself a Perl interpreter for your
710 platform of choice at:
712 http://www.cpan.org/ports/index.html
718 added response file support, improved command line handling, new layout
721 fixed limit checking bug, 'OUT byte nn, reg' bug, and a couple of rdoff
722 related bugs, updated Wishlist; 0.98 Prerelease 3.
728 fixed bug in outcoff.c to do with truncating section names longer
729 than 8 characters, referencing beyond end of string; 0.98 pre-release 2
732 0.98 pre-released May 1999
733 --------------------------
735 Fixed a bug whereby STRUC didn't work at all in RDF.
737 Fixed a problem with group specification in PUBDEFs in OBJ.
739 Improved ease of adding new output formats. Contribution due to
742 Fixed a bug in relocations in the `bin' format: was showing up when
743 a relocatable reference crossed an 8192-byte boundary in any output
746 Fixed a bug in local labels: local-label lookups were inconsistent
747 between passes one and two if an EQU occurred between the definition
748 of a global label and the subsequent use of a local label local to
751 Fixed a seg-fault in the preprocessor (again) which happened when
752 you use a blank line as the first line of a multi-line macro
753 definition and then defined a label on the same line as a call to
756 Fixed a stale-pointer bug in the handling of the NASM environment
757 variable. Thanks to Thomas McWilliams.
759 ELF had a hard limit on the number of sections which caused
760 segfaults when transgressed. Fixed.
762 Added ability for ndisasm to read from stdin by using `-' as the
765 ndisasm wasn't outputting the TO keyword. Fixed.
767 Fixed error cascade on bogus expression in %if - an error in
768 evaluation was causing the entire %if to be discarded, thus creating
769 trouble later when the %else or %endif was encountered.
771 Forward reference tracking was instruction-granular not operand-
772 granular, which was causing 286-specific code to be generated
773 needlessly on code of the form `shr word [forwardref],1'. Thanks to
774 Jim Hague for sending a patch.
776 All messages now appear on stdout, as sending them to stderr serves
777 no useful purpose other than to make redirection difficult.
779 Fixed the problem with EQUs pointing to an external symbol - this
780 now generates an error message.
782 Allowed multiple size prefixes to an operand, of which only the first
783 is taken into account.
785 Incorporated John Fine's changes, including fixes of a large number
786 of preprocessor bugs, some small problems in OBJ, and a reworking of
787 label handling to define labels before their line is assembled, rather
790 Reformatted a lot of the source code to be more readable. Included
791 'coding.txt' as a guideline for how to format code for contributors.
793 Stopped nested %reps causing a panic - they now cause a slightly more
794 friendly error message instead.
796 Fixed floating point constant problems (patch by Pedro Gimeno)
798 Fixed the return value of insn_size() not being checked for -1, indicating
801 Incorporated 3D now instructions.
803 Fixed the 'mov eax, eax + ebx' bug.
805 Fixed the GLOBAL EQU bug in ELF. Released developers release 3.
807 Incorporated John Fine's command line parsing changes
809 Incorporated David Lindauer's OMF debug support
811 Made changes for LCC 4.0 support (__NASM_CDecl__, removed register size
812 specification warning when sizes agree).
814 Released NASM 0.98 Pre-release 1
817 0.97 released December 1997
818 ---------------------------
820 This was entirely a bug-fix release to 0.96, which seems to have got
823 Fixed stupid mistake in OBJ which caused `MOV EAX,<constant>' to
824 fail. Caused by an error in the `MOV EAX,<segment>' support.
826 ndisasm hung at EOF when compiled with lcc on Linux because lcc on
827 Linux somehow breaks feof(). ndisasm now does not rely on feof().
829 A heading in the documentation was missing due to a markup error in
832 Fixed failure to update all pointers on realloc() within extended-
833 operand code in parser.c. Was causing wrong behaviour and seg faults
834 on lines such as `dd 0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,...'
836 Fixed a subtle preprocessor bug whereby invoking one multi-line
837 macro on the first line of the expansion of another, when the second
838 had been invoked with a label defined before it, didn't expand the
841 Added internal.doc back in to the distribution archives - it was
842 missing in 0.96 *blush*
844 Fixed bug causing 0.96 to be unable to assemble its own test files,
845 specifically objtest.asm. *blush again*
847 Fixed seg-faults and bogus error messages caused by mismatching
848 %rep and %endrep within multi-line macro definitions.
850 Fixed a problem with buffer overrun in OBJ, which was causing
851 corruption at ends of long PUBDEF records.
853 Separated DOS archives into main-program and documentation to reduce
857 0.96 released November 1997
858 ---------------------------
860 Fixed a bug whereby, if `nasm sourcefile' would cause a filename
861 collision warning and put output into `nasm.out', then `nasm
862 sourcefile -o outputfile' still gave the warning even though the
865 Fixed name pollution under Digital UNIX: one of its header files
866 defined R_SP, which broke the enum in nasm.h.
868 Fixed minor instruction table problems: FUCOM and FUCOMP didn't have
869 two-operand forms; NDISASM didn't recognise the longer register
870 forms of PUSH and POP (eg FF F3 for PUSH BX); TEST mem,imm32 was
871 flagged as undocumented; the 32-bit forms of CMOV had 16-bit operand
872 size prefixes; `AAD imm' and `AAM imm' are no longer flagged as
873 undocumented because the Intel Architecture reference documents
876 Fixed a problem with the local-label mechanism, whereby strange
877 types of symbol (EQUs, auto-defined OBJ segment base symbols)
878 interfered with the `previous global label' value and screwed up
881 Fixed a bug whereby the stub preprocessor didn't communicate with
882 the listing file generator, so that the -a and -l options in
883 conjunction would produce a useless listing file.
885 Merged `os2' object file format back into `obj', after discovering
886 that `obj' _also_ shouldn't have a link pass separator in a module
887 containing a non-trivial MODEND. Flat segments are now declared
888 using the FLAT attribute. `os2' is no longer a valid object format
891 Removed the fixed-size temporary storage in the evaluator. Very very
892 long expressions (like `mov ax,1+1+1+1+...' for two hundred 1s or
893 so) should now no longer crash NASM.
895 Fixed a bug involving segfaults on disassembly of MMX instructions,
896 by changing the meaning of one of the operand-type flags in nasm.h.
897 This may cause other apparently unrelated MMX problems; it needs to
898 be tested thoroughly.
900 Fixed some buffer overrun problems with large OBJ output files.
901 Thanks to DJ Delorie for the bug report and fix.
903 Made preprocess-only mode actually listen to the %line markers as it
904 prints them, so that it can report errors more sanely.
906 Re-designed the evaluator to keep more sensible track of expressions
907 involving forward references: can now cope with previously-nightmare
913 Added the ALIGN and ALIGNB standard macros.
915 Added PIC support in ELF: use of WRT to obtain the four extra
916 relocation types needed.
918 Added the ability for output file formats to define their own
919 extensions to the GLOBAL, COMMON and EXTERN directives.
921 Implemented common-variable alignment, and global-symbol type and
922 size declarations, in ELF.
924 Implemented NEAR and FAR keywords for common variables, plus
925 far-common element size specification, in OBJ.
927 Added a feature whereby EXTERNs and COMMONs in OBJ can be given a
928 default WRT specification (either a segment or a group).
930 Transformed the Unix NASM archive into an auto-configuring package.
932 Added a sanity-check for people applying SEG to things which are
933 already segment bases: this previously went unnoticed by the SEG
934 processing and caused OBJ-driver panics later.
936 Added the ability, in OBJ format, to deal with `MOV EAX,<segment>'
937 type references: OBJ doesn't directly support dword-size segment
938 base fixups, but as long as the low two bytes of the constant term
939 are zero, a word-size fixup can be generated instead and it will
942 Added the ability to specify sections' alignment requirements in
943 Win32 object files and pure binary files.
945 Added preprocess-time expression evaluation: the %assign (and
946 %iassign) directive and the bare %if (and %elif) conditional. Added
947 relational operators to the evaluator, for use only in %if
948 constructs: the standard relationals = < > <= >= <> (and C-like
949 synonyms == and !=) plus low-precedence logical operators &&, ^^ and
952 Added a preprocessor repeat construct: %rep / %exitrep / %endrep.
954 Added the __FILE__ and __LINE__ standard macros.
956 Added a sanity check for number constants being greater than
957 0xFFFFFFFF. The warning can be disabled.
959 Added the %0 token whereby a variadic multi-line macro can tell how
960 many parameters it's been given in a specific invocation.
962 Added %rotate, allowing multi-line macro parameters to be cycled.
964 Added the `*' option for the maximum parameter count on multi-line
965 macros, allowing them to take arbitrarily many parameters.
967 Added the ability for the user-level forms of EXTERN, GLOBAL and
968 COMMON to take more than one argument.
970 Added the IMPORT and EXPORT directives in OBJ format, to deal with
973 Added some more preprocessor %if constructs: %ifidn / %ifidni (exact
974 textual identity), and %ifid / %ifnum / %ifstr (token type testing).
976 Added the ability to distinguish SHL AX,1 (the 8086 version) from
977 SHL AX,BYTE 1 (the 286-and-upwards version whose constant happens to
980 Added NetBSD/FreeBSD/OpenBSD's variant of a.out format, complete
981 with PIC shared library features.
983 Changed NASM's idiosyncratic handling of FCLEX, FDISI, FENI, FINIT,
984 FSAVE, FSTCW, FSTENV, and FSTSW to bring it into line with the
985 otherwise accepted standard. The previous behaviour, though it was a
986 deliberate feature, was a deliberate feature based on a
987 misunderstanding. Apologies for the inconvenience.
989 Improved the flexibility of ABSOLUTE: you can now give it an
990 expression rather than being restricted to a constant, and it can
991 take relocatable arguments as well.
993 Added the ability for a variable to be declared as EXTERN multiple
994 times, and the subsequent definitions are just ignored.
996 We now allow instruction prefixes (CS, DS, LOCK, REPZ etc) to be
997 alone on a line (without a following instruction).
999 Improved sanity checks on whether the arguments to EXTERN, GLOBAL
1000 and COMMON are valid identifiers.
1002 Added misc/exebin.mac to allow direct generation of .EXE files by
1003 hacking up an EXE header using DB and DW; also added test/binexe.asm
1004 to demonstrate the use of this. Thanks to Yann Guidon for
1005 contributing the EXE header code.
1007 ndisasm forgot to check whether the input file had been successfully
1008 opened. Now it does. Doh!
1010 Added the Cyrix extensions to the MMX instruction set.
1012 Added a hinting mechanism to allow [EAX+EBX] and [EBX+EAX] to be
1013 assembled differently. This is important since [ESI+EBP] and
1014 [EBP+ESI] have different default base segment registers.
1016 Added support for the PharLap OMF extension for 4096-byte segment
1020 0.95 released July 1997
1021 -----------------------
1023 Fixed yet another ELF bug. This one manifested if the user relied on
1024 the default segment, and attempted to define global symbols without
1025 first explicitly declaring the target segment.
1027 Added makefiles (for NASM and the RDF tools) to build Win32 console
1028 apps under Symantec C++. Donated by Mark Junker.
1030 Added `macros.bas' and `insns.bas', QBasic versions of the Perl
1031 scripts that convert `standard.mac' to `macros.c' and convert
1032 `insns.dat' to `insnsa.c' and `insnsd.c'. Also thanks to Mark
1035 Changed the diassembled forms of the conditional instructions so
1036 that JB is now emitted as JC, and other similar changes. Suggested
1037 list by Ulrich Doewich.
1039 Added `@' to the list of valid characters to begin an identifier
1042 Documentary changes, notably the addition of the `Common Problems'
1043 section in nasm.doc.
1045 Fixed a bug relating to 32-bit PC-relative fixups in OBJ.
1047 Fixed a bug in perm_copy() in labels.c which was causing exceptions
1048 in cleanup_labels() on some systems.
1050 Positivity sanity check in TIMES argument changed from a warning to
1051 an error following a further complaint.
1053 Changed the acceptable limits on byte and word operands to allow
1054 things like `~10111001b' to work.
1056 Fixed a major problem in the preprocessor which caused seg-faults if
1057 macro definitions contained blank lines or comment-only lines.
1059 Fixed inadequate error checking on the commas separating the
1060 arguments to `db', `dw' etc.
1062 Fixed a crippling bug in the handling of macros with operand counts
1063 defined with a `+' modifier.
1065 Fixed a bug whereby object file formats which stored the input file
1066 name in the output file (such as OBJ and COFF) weren't doing so
1067 correctly when the output file name was specified on the command
1070 Removed [INC] and [INCLUDE] support for good, since they were
1073 Fixed a bug in OBJ which caused all fixups to be output in 16-bit
1074 (old-format) FIXUPP records, rather than putting the 32-bit ones in
1075 FIXUPP32 (new-format) records.
1077 Added, tentatively, OS/2 object file support (as a minor variant on
1080 Updates to Fox Cutter's Borland C makefile, Makefile.bc2.
1082 Removed a spurious second fclose() on the output file.
1084 Added the `-s' command line option to redirect all messages which
1085 would go to stderr (errors, help text) to stdout instead.
1087 Added the `-w' command line option to selectively suppress some
1088 classes of assembly warning messages.
1090 Added the `-p' pre-include and `-d' pre-define command-line options.
1092 Added an include file search path: the `-i' command line option.
1094 Fixed a silly little preprocessor bug whereby starting a line with a
1095 `%!' environment-variable reference caused an `unknown directive'
1098 Added the long-awaited listing file support: the `-l' command line
1101 Fixed a problem with OBJ format whereby, in the absence of any
1102 explicit segment definition, non-global symbols declared in the
1103 implicit default segment generated spurious EXTDEF records in the
1106 Added the NASM environment variable.
1108 From this version forward, Win32 console-mode binaries will be
1109 included in the DOS distribution in addition to the 16-bit binaries.
1110 Added Makefile.vc for this purpose.
1112 Added `return 0;' to test/objlink.c to prevent compiler warnings.
1114 Added the __NASM_MAJOR__ and __NASM_MINOR__ standard defines.
1116 Added an alternative memory-reference syntax in which prefixing an
1117 operand with `&' is equivalent to enclosing it in square brackets,
1118 at the request of Fox Cutter.
1120 Errors in pass two now cause the program to return a non-zero error
1121 code, which they didn't before.
1123 Fixed the single-line macro cycle detection, which didn't work at
1124 all on macros with no parameters (caused an infinite loop). Also
1125 changed the behaviour of single-line macro cycle detection to work
1126 like cpp, so that macros like `extrn' as given in the documentation
1129 Fixed the implementation of WRT, which was too restrictive in that
1130 you couldn't do `mov ax,[di+abc wrt dgroup]' because (di+abc) wasn't
1131 a relocatable reference.
1134 0.94 released April 1997
1135 ------------------------
1137 Major item: added the macro processor.
1139 Added undocumented instructions SMI, IBTS, XBTS and LOADALL286. Also
1140 reorganised CMPXCHG instruction into early-486 and Pentium forms.
1141 Thanks to Thobias Jones for the information.
1143 Fixed two more stupid bugs in ELF, which were causing `ld' to
1144 continue to seg-fault in a lot of non-trivial cases.
1146 Fixed a seg-fault in the label manager.
1148 Stopped FBLD and FBSTP from _requiring_ the TWORD keyword, which is
1149 the only option for BCD loads/stores in any case.
1151 Ensured FLDCW, FSTCW and FSTSW can cope with the WORD keyword, if
1152 anyone bothers to provide it. Previously they complained unless no
1153 keyword at all was present.
1155 Some forms of FDIV/FDIVR and FSUB/FSUBR were still inverted: a
1156 vestige of a bug that I thought had been fixed in 0.92. This was
1157 fixed, hopefully for good this time...
1159 Another minor phase error (insofar as a phase error can _ever_ be
1160 minor) fixed, this one occurring in code of the form
1161 rol ax,forward_reference
1162 forward_reference equ 1
1164 The number supplied to TIMES is now sanity-checked for positivity,
1165 and also may be greater than 64K (which previously didn't work on
1168 Added Watcom C makefiles, and misc/pmw.bat, donated by Dominik Behr.
1170 Added the INCBIN pseudo-opcode.
1172 Due to the advent of the preprocessor, the [INCLUDE] and [INC]
1173 directives have become obsolete. They are still supported in this
1174 version, with a warning, but won't be in the next.
1176 Fixed a bug in OBJ format, which caused incorrect object records to
1177 be output when absolute labels were made global.
1179 Updates to RDOFF subdirectory, and changes to outrdf.c.
1182 0.93 released January 1997
1183 --------------------------
1185 This release went out in a great hurry after semi-crippling bugs
1188 Really _did_ fix the stack overflows this time. *blush*
1190 Had problems with EA instruction sizes changing between passes, when
1191 an offset contained a forward reference and so 4 bytes were
1192 allocated for the offset in pass one; by pass two the symbol had
1193 been defined and happened to be a small absolute value, so only 1
1194 byte got allocated, causing instruction size mismatch between passes
1195 and hence incorrect address calculations. Fixed.
1197 Stupid bug in the revised ELF section generation fixed (associated
1198 string-table section for .symtab was hard-coded as 7, even when this
1199 didn't fit with the real section table). Was causing `ld' to
1200 seg-fault under Linux.
1202 Included a new Borland C makefile, Makefile.bc2, donated by Fox
1203 Cutter <lmb@comtch.iea.com>.
1206 0.92 released January 1997
1207 --------------------------
1209 The FDIVP/FDIVRP and FSUBP/FSUBRP pairs had been inverted: this was
1210 fixed. This also affected the LCC driver.
1212 Fixed a bug regarding 32-bit effective addresses of the form
1213 [other_register+ESP].
1215 Documentary changes, notably documentation of the fact that Borland
1216 Win32 compilers use `obj' rather than `win32' object format.
1218 Fixed the COMENT record in OBJ files, which was formatted
1221 Fixed a bug causing segfaults in large RDF files.
1223 OBJ format now strips initial periods from segment and group
1224 definitions, in order to avoid complications with the local label
1227 Fixed a bug in disassembling far calls and jumps in NDISASM.
1229 Added support for user-defined sections in COFF and ELF files.
1231 Compiled the DOS binaries with a sensible amount of stack, to
1232 prevent stack overflows on any arithmetic expression containing
1235 Fixed a bug in handling of files that do not terminate in a newline.
1238 0.91 released November 1996
1239 ---------------------------
1242 Support for RDF added.
1243 Support for DBG debugging format added.
1244 Support for 32-bit extensions to Microsoft OBJ format added.
1245 Revised for Borland C: some variable names changed, makefile added.
1246 LCC support revised to actually work.
1247 JMP/CALL NEAR/FAR notation added.
1248 `a16', `o16', `a32' and `o32' prefixes added.
1249 Range checking on short jumps implemented.
1250 MMX instruction support added.
1251 Negative floating point constant support added.
1252 Memory handling improved to bypass 64K barrier under DOS.
1253 $ prefix to force treatment of reserved words as identifiers added.
1254 Default-size mechanism for object formats added.
1255 Compile-time configurability added.
1256 `#', `@', `~' and `?' are now valid characters in labels.
1257 `-e' and `-k' options in NDISASM added.
1260 0.90 released October 1996
1261 --------------------------
1263 First release version. First support for object file output. Other
1264 changes from previous version (0.3x) too numerous to document.