output/outbin.c

   1 /* outbin.c output routines for the Netwide Assembler to produce
   2  *    flat-form binary files
   3  *
   4  * The Netwide Assembler is copyright (C) 1996 Simon Tatham and
   5  * Julian Hall. All rights reserved. The software is
   6  * redistributable under the license given in the file "LICENSE"
   7  * distributed in the NASM archive.
   8  */
   9
  10 /* This is the extended version of NASM's original binary output
  11  * format.  It is backward compatible with the original BIN format,
  12  * and contains support for multiple sections and advanced section
  13  * ordering.
  14  *
  15  * Feature summary:
  16  *
  17  * - Users can create an arbitrary number of sections; they are not
  18  *   limited to just ".text", ".data", and ".bss".
  19  *
  20  * - Sections can be either progbits or nobits type.
  21  *
  22  * - You can specify that they be aligned at a certian boundary
  23  *   following the previous section ("align="), or positioned at an
  24  *   arbitrary byte-granular location ("start=").
  25  *
  26  * - You can specify a "virtual" start address for a section, which
  27  *   will be used for the calculation for all address references
  28  *   with respect to that section ("vstart=").
  29  *
  30  * - The ORG directive, as well as the section/segment directive
  31  *   arguments ("align=", "start=", "vstart="), can take a critical
  32  *   expression as their value.  For example: "align=(1 << 12)".
  33  *
  34  * - You can generate map files using the 'map' directive.
  35  *
  36  */
  37
  38 /* Uncomment the following define if you want sections to adapt
  39  * their progbits/nobits state depending on what type of
  40  * instructions are issued, rather than defaulting to progbits.
  41  * Note that this behavior violates the specification.
  42
  43 #define ABIN_SMART_ADAPT
  44
  45 */
  46
  47 #include "compiler.h"
  48
  49 #include <stdio.h>
  50 #include <stdlib.h>
  51 #include <string.h>
  52 #include <ctype.h>
  53 #include <inttypes.h>
  54
  55 #include "nasm.h"
  56 #include "nasmlib.h"
  57 #include "saa.h"
  58 #include "stdscan.h"
  59 #include "labels.h"
  60 #include "eval.h"
  61 #include "outform.h"
  62
  63 #ifdef OF_BIN
  64
  65 struct ofmt *bin_get_ofmt();    /* Prototype goes here since no header file. */
  66
  67 static FILE *fp, *rf = NULL;
  68 static efunc error;
  69
  70 /* Section flags keep track of which attributes the user has defined. */
  71 #define START_DEFINED       0x001
  72 #define ALIGN_DEFINED       0x002
  73 #define FOLLOWS_DEFINED     0x004
  74 #define VSTART_DEFINED      0x008
  75 #define VALIGN_DEFINED      0x010
  76 #define VFOLLOWS_DEFINED    0x020
  77 #define TYPE_DEFINED        0x040
  78 #define TYPE_PROGBITS       0x080
  79 #define TYPE_NOBITS         0x100
  80
  81 /* This struct is used to keep track of symbols for map-file generation. */
  82 static struct bin_label {
  83     char *name;
  84     struct bin_label *next;
  85 } *no_seg_labels, **nsl_tail;
  86
  87 static struct Section {
  88     char *name;
  89     struct SAA *contents;
  90     int64_t length;                /* section length in bytes */
  91
  92 /* Section attributes */
  93     int flags;                  /* see flag definitions above */
  94     uint64_t align;        /* section alignment */
  95     uint64_t valign;       /* notional section alignment */
  96     uint64_t start;        /* section start address */
  97     uint64_t vstart;       /* section virtual start address */
  98     char *follows;              /* the section that this one will follow */
  99     char *vfollows;             /* the section that this one will notionally follow */
 100     int32_t start_index;           /* NASM section id for non-relocated version */
 101     int32_t vstart_index;          /* the NASM section id */
 102
 103     struct bin_label *labels;   /* linked-list of label handles for map output. */
 104     struct bin_label **labels_end;      /* Holds address of end of labels list. */
 105     struct Section *ifollows;   /* Points to previous section (implicit follows). */
 106     struct Section *next;       /* This links sections with a defined start address. */
 107
 108 /* The extended bin format allows for sections to have a "virtual"
 109  * start address.  This is accomplished by creating two sections:
 110  * one beginning at the Load Memory Address and the other beginning
 111  * at the Virtual Memory Address.  The LMA section is only used to
 112  * define the section.<section_name>.start label, but there isn't
 113  * any other good way for us to handle that label.
 114  */
 115
 116 } *sections, *last_section;
 117
 118 static struct Reloc {
 119     struct Reloc *next;
 120     int32_t posn;
 121     int32_t bytes;
 122     int32_t secref;
 123     int32_t secrel;
 124     struct Section *target;
 125 } *relocs, **reloctail;
 126
 127 extern char *stdscan_bufptr;
 128
 129 static uint8_t format_mode;       /* 0 = original bin, 1 = extended bin */
 130 static int32_t current_section;    /* only really needed if format_mode = 0 */
 131 static uint64_t origin;
 132 static int origin_defined;
 133
 134 /* Stuff we need for map-file generation. */
 135 #define MAP_ORIGIN       1
 136 #define MAP_SUMMARY      2
 137 #define MAP_SECTIONS     4
 138 #define MAP_SYMBOLS      8
 139 static int map_control = 0;
 140 static char *infile, *outfile;
 141
 142 extern macros_t bin_stdmac[];
 143
 144 static void add_reloc(struct Section *s, int32_t bytes, int32_t secref,
 145                       int32_t secrel)
 146 {
 147     struct Reloc *r;
 148
 149     r = *reloctail = nasm_malloc(sizeof(struct Reloc));
 150     reloctail = &r->next;
 151     r->next = NULL;
 152     r->posn = s->length;
 153     r->bytes = bytes;
 154     r->secref = secref;
 155     r->secrel = secrel;
 156     r->target = s;
 157 }
 158
 159 static struct Section *find_section_by_name(const char *name)
 160 {
 161     struct Section *s;
 162
 163     for (s = sections; s; s = s->next)
 164         if (!strcmp(s->name, name))
 165             break;
 166     return s;
 167 }
 168
 169 static struct Section *find_section_by_index(int32_t index)
 170 {
 171     struct Section *s;
 172
 173     for (s = sections; s; s = s->next)
 174         if ((index == s->vstart_index) || (index == s->start_index))
 175             break;
 176     return s;
 177 }
 178
 179 static struct Section *create_section(char *name)
 180 {                               /* Create a new section. */
 181     last_section->next = nasm_malloc(sizeof(struct Section));
 182     last_section->next->ifollows = last_section;
 183     last_section = last_section->next;
 184     last_section->labels = NULL;
 185     last_section->labels_end = &(last_section->labels);
 186
 187     /* Initialize section attributes. */
 188     last_section->name = nasm_strdup(name);
 189     last_section->contents = saa_init(1L);
 190     last_section->follows = last_section->vfollows = 0;
 191     last_section->length = 0;
 192     last_section->flags = 0;
 193     last_section->next = NULL;
 194
 195     /* Register our sections with NASM. */
 196     last_section->vstart_index = seg_alloc();
 197     last_section->start_index = seg_alloc();
 198     return last_section;
 199 }
 200
 201 static void bin_cleanup(int debuginfo)
 202 {
 203     struct Section *g, **gp;
 204     struct Section *gs = NULL, **gsp;
 205     struct Section *s, **sp;
 206     struct Section *nobits = NULL, **nt;
 207     struct Section *last_progbits;
 208     struct bin_label *l;
 209     struct Reloc *r;
 210     uint64_t pend;
 211     int h;
 212
 213     (void)debuginfo;      /* placate optimizers */
 214
 215 #ifdef DEBUG
 216     fprintf(stdout,
 217             "bin_cleanup: Sections were initially referenced in this order:\n");
 218     for (h = 0, s = sections; s; h++, s = s->next)
 219         fprintf(stdout, "%i. %s\n", h, s->name);
 220 #endif
 221
 222     /* Assembly has completed, so now we need to generate the output file.
 223      * Step 1: Separate progbits and nobits sections into separate lists.
 224      * Step 2: Sort the progbits sections into their output order.
 225      * Step 3: Compute start addresses for all progbits sections.
 226      * Step 4: Compute vstart addresses for all sections.
 227      * Step 5: Apply relocations.
 228      * Step 6: Write the sections' data to the output file.
 229      * Step 7: Generate the map file.
 230      * Step 8: Release all allocated memory.
 231      */
 232
 233     /* To do: Smart section-type adaptation could leave some empty sections
 234      * without a defined type (progbits/nobits).  Won't fix now since this
 235      * feature will be disabled.  */
 236
 237     /* Step 1: Split progbits and nobits sections into separate lists. */
 238
 239     nt = &nobits;
 240     /* Move nobits sections into a separate list.  Also pre-process nobits
 241      * sections' attributes. */
 242     for (sp = &sections->next, s = sections->next; s; s = *sp) {        /* Skip progbits sections. */
 243         if (s->flags & TYPE_PROGBITS) {
 244             sp = &s->next;
 245             continue;
 246         }
 247         /* Do some special pre-processing on nobits sections' attributes. */
 248         if (s->flags & (START_DEFINED | ALIGN_DEFINED | FOLLOWS_DEFINED)) {     /* Check for a mixture of real and virtual section attributes. */
 249             if (s->
 250                 flags & (VSTART_DEFINED | VALIGN_DEFINED |
 251                          VFOLLOWS_DEFINED))
 252                 error(ERR_FATAL,
 253                       "cannot mix real and virtual attributes"
 254                       " in nobits section (%s)", s->name);
 255             /* Real and virtual attributes mean the same thing for nobits sections. */
 256             if (s->flags & START_DEFINED) {
 257                 s->vstart = s->start;
 258                 s->flags |= VSTART_DEFINED;
 259             }
 260             if (s->flags & ALIGN_DEFINED) {
 261                 s->valign = s->align;
 262                 s->flags |= VALIGN_DEFINED;
 263             }
 264             if (s->flags & FOLLOWS_DEFINED) {
 265                 s->vfollows = s->follows;
 266                 s->flags |= VFOLLOWS_DEFINED;
 267                 s->flags &= ~FOLLOWS_DEFINED;
 268             }
 269         }
 270         /* Every section must have a start address. */
 271         if (s->flags & VSTART_DEFINED) {
 272             s->start = s->vstart;
 273             s->flags |= START_DEFINED;
 274         }
 275         /* Move the section into the nobits list. */
 276         *sp = s->next;
 277         s->next = NULL;
 278         *nt = s;
 279         nt = &s->next;
 280     }
 281
 282     /* Step 2: Sort the progbits sections into their output order. */
 283
 284     /* In Step 2 we move around sections in groups.  A group
 285      * begins with a section (group leader) that has a user-
 286      * defined start address or follows section.  The remainder
 287      * of the group is made up of the sections that implicitly
 288      * follow the group leader (i.e., they were defined after
 289      * the group leader and were not given an explicit start
 290      * address or follows section by the user). */
 291
 292     /* For anyone attempting to read this code:
 293      * g (group) points to a group of sections, the first one of which has
 294      *   a user-defined start address or follows section.
 295      * gp (g previous) holds the location of the pointer to g.
 296      * gs (g scan) is a temp variable that we use to scan to the end of the group.
 297      * gsp (gs previous) holds the location of the pointer to gs.
 298      * nt (nobits tail) points to the nobits section-list tail.
 299      */
 300
 301     /* Link all 'follows' groups to their proper position.  To do
 302      * this we need to know three things: the start of the group
 303      * to relocate (g), the section it is following (s), and the
 304      * end of the group we're relocating (gs). */
 305     for (gp = &sections, g = sections; g; g = gs) {     /* Find the next follows group that is out of place (g). */
 306         if (!(g->flags & FOLLOWS_DEFINED)) {
 307             while (g->next) {
 308                 if ((g->next->flags & FOLLOWS_DEFINED) &&
 309                     strcmp(g->name, g->next->follows))
 310                     break;
 311                 g = g->next;
 312             }
 313             if (!g->next)
 314                 break;
 315             gp = &g->next;
 316             g = g->next;
 317         }
 318         /* Find the section that this group follows (s). */
 319         for (sp = &sections, s = sections;
 320              s && strcmp(s->name, g->follows);
 321              sp = &s->next, s = s->next) ;
 322         if (!s)
 323             error(ERR_FATAL, "section %s follows an invalid or"
 324                   " unknown section (%s)", g->name, g->follows);
 325         if (s->next && (s->next->flags & FOLLOWS_DEFINED) &&
 326             !strcmp(s->name, s->next->follows))
 327             error(ERR_FATAL, "sections %s and %s can't both follow"
 328                   " section %s", g->name, s->next->name, s->name);
 329         /* Find the end of the current follows group (gs). */
 330         for (gsp = &g->next, gs = g->next;
 331              gs && (gs != s) && !(gs->flags & START_DEFINED);
 332              gsp = &gs->next, gs = gs->next) {
 333             if (gs->next && (gs->next->flags & FOLLOWS_DEFINED) &&
 334                 strcmp(gs->name, gs->next->follows)) {
 335                 gsp = &gs->next;
 336                 gs = gs->next;
 337                 break;
 338             }
 339         }
 340         /* Re-link the group after its follows section. */
 341         *gsp = s->next;
 342         s->next = g;
 343         *gp = gs;
 344     }
 345
 346     /* Link all 'start' groups to their proper position.  Once
 347      * again we need to know g, s, and gs (see above).  The main
 348      * difference is we already know g since we sort by moving
 349      * groups from the 'unsorted' list into a 'sorted' list (g
 350      * will always be the first section in the unsorted list). */
 351     for (g = sections, sections = NULL; g; g = gs) {    /* Find the section that we will insert this group before (s). */
 352         for (sp = &sections, s = sections; s; sp = &s->next, s = s->next)
 353             if ((s->flags & START_DEFINED) && (g->start < s->start))
 354                 break;
 355         /* Find the end of the group (gs). */
 356         for (gs = g->next, gsp = &g->next;
 357              gs && !(gs->flags & START_DEFINED);
 358              gsp = &gs->next, gs = gs->next) ;
 359         /* Re-link the group before the target section. */
 360         *sp = g;
 361         *gsp = s;
 362     }
 363
 364     /* Step 3: Compute start addresses for all progbits sections. */
 365
 366     /* Make sure we have an origin and a start address for the first section. */
 367     if (origin_defined)
 368         switch (sections->flags & (START_DEFINED | ALIGN_DEFINED)) {
 369         case START_DEFINED | ALIGN_DEFINED:
 370         case START_DEFINED:
 371             /* Make sure this section doesn't begin before the origin. */
 372             if (sections->start < origin)
 373                 error(ERR_FATAL, "section %s begins"
 374                       " before program origin", sections->name);
 375             break;
 376         case ALIGN_DEFINED:
 377             sections->start = ((origin + sections->align - 1) &
 378                                ~(sections->align - 1));
 379             break;
 380         case 0:
 381             sections->start = origin;
 382     } else {
 383         if (!(sections->flags & START_DEFINED))
 384             sections->start = 0;
 385         origin = sections->start;
 386     }
 387     sections->flags |= START_DEFINED;
 388
 389     /* Make sure each section has an explicit start address.  If it
 390      * doesn't, then compute one based its alignment and the end of
 391      * the previous section. */
 392     for (pend = sections->start, g = s = sections; g; g = g->next) {    /* Find the next section that could cause an overlap situation
 393                                                                          * (has a defined start address, and is not zero length). */
 394         if (g == s)
 395             for (s = g->next;
 396                  s && ((s->length == 0) || !(s->flags & START_DEFINED));
 397                  s = s->next) ;
 398         /* Compute the start address of this section, if necessary. */
 399         if (!(g->flags & START_DEFINED)) {      /* Default to an alignment of 4 if unspecified. */
 400             if (!(g->flags & ALIGN_DEFINED)) {
 401                 g->align = 4;
 402                 g->flags |= ALIGN_DEFINED;
 403             }
 404             /* Set the section start address. */
 405             g->start = (pend + g->align - 1) & ~(g->align - 1);
 406             g->flags |= START_DEFINED;
 407         }
 408         /* Ugly special case for progbits sections' virtual attributes:
 409          *   If there is a defined valign, but no vstart and no vfollows, then
 410          *   we valign after the previous progbits section.  This case doesn't
 411          *   really make much sense for progbits sections with a defined start
 412          *   address, but it is possible and we must do *something*.
 413          * Not-so-ugly special case:
 414          *   If a progbits section has no virtual attributes, we set the
 415          *   vstart equal to the start address.  */
 416         if (!(g->flags & (VSTART_DEFINED | VFOLLOWS_DEFINED))) {
 417             if (g->flags & VALIGN_DEFINED)
 418                 g->vstart = (pend + g->valign - 1) & ~(g->valign - 1);
 419             else
 420                 g->vstart = g->start;
 421             g->flags |= VSTART_DEFINED;
 422         }
 423         /* Ignore zero-length sections. */
 424         if (g->start < pend)
 425             continue;
 426         /* Compute the span of this section. */
 427         pend = g->start + g->length;
 428         /* Check for section overlap. */
 429         if (s) {
 430             if (g->start > s->start)
 431                 error(ERR_FATAL, "sections %s ~ %s and %s overlap!",
 432                       gs->name, g->name, s->name);
 433             if (pend > s->start)
 434                 error(ERR_FATAL, "sections %s and %s overlap!",
 435                       g->name, s->name);
 436         }
 437         /* Remember this section as the latest >0 length section. */
 438         gs = g;
 439     }
 440
 441     /* Step 4: Compute vstart addresses for all sections. */
 442
 443     /* Attach the nobits sections to the end of the progbits sections. */
 444     for (s = sections; s->next; s = s->next) ;
 445     s->next = nobits;
 446     last_progbits = s;
 447     /* Scan for sections that don't have a vstart address.  If we find one we'll
 448      * attempt to compute its vstart.  If we can't compute the vstart, we leave
 449      * it alone and come back to it in a subsequent scan.  We continue scanning
 450      * and re-scanning until we've gone one full cycle without computing any
 451      * vstarts. */
 452     do {                        /* Do one full scan of the sections list. */
 453         for (h = 0, g = sections; g; g = g->next) {
 454             if (g->flags & VSTART_DEFINED)
 455                 continue;
 456             /* Find the section that this one virtually follows.  */
 457             if (g->flags & VFOLLOWS_DEFINED) {
 458                 for (s = sections; s && strcmp(g->vfollows, s->name);
 459                      s = s->next) ;
 460                 if (!s)
 461                     error(ERR_FATAL,
 462                           "section %s vfollows unknown section (%s)",
 463                           g->name, g->vfollows);
 464             } else if (g->ifollows != NULL)
 465                 for (s = sections; s && (s != g->ifollows); s = s->next) ;
 466             /* The .bss section is the only one with ifollows = NULL.  In this case we
 467              * implicitly follow the last progbits section.  */
 468             else
 469                 s = last_progbits;
 470
 471             /* If the section we're following has a vstart, we can proceed. */
 472             if (s->flags & VSTART_DEFINED) {    /* Default to virtual alignment of four. */
 473                 if (!(g->flags & VALIGN_DEFINED)) {
 474                     g->valign = 4;
 475                     g->flags |= VALIGN_DEFINED;
 476                 }
 477                 /* Compute the vstart address. */
 478                 g->vstart =
 479                     (s->vstart + s->length + g->valign - 1) & ~(g->valign -
 480                                                                 1);
 481                g->flags |= VSTART_DEFINED;
 482                 h++;
 483                 /* Start and vstart mean the same thing for nobits sections. */
 484                 if (g->flags & TYPE_NOBITS)
 485                     g->start = g->vstart;
 486             }
 487         }
 488     } while (h);
 489
 490     /* Now check for any circular vfollows references, which will manifest
 491      * themselves as sections without a defined vstart. */
 492     for (h = 0, s = sections; s; s = s->next) {
 493         if (!(s->flags & VSTART_DEFINED)) {     /* Non-fatal errors after assembly has completed are generally a
 494                                                  * no-no, but we'll throw a fatal one eventually so it's ok.  */
 495             error(ERR_NONFATAL, "cannot compute vstart for section %s",
 496                   s->name);
 497             h++;
 498         }
 499     }
 500     if (h)
 501         error(ERR_FATAL, "circular vfollows path detected");
 502
 503 #ifdef DEBUG
 504     fprintf(stdout,
 505             "bin_cleanup: Confirm final section order for output file:\n");
 506     for (h = 0, s = sections; s && (s->flags & TYPE_PROGBITS);
 507          h++, s = s->next)
 508         fprintf(stdout, "%i. %s\n", h, s->name);
 509 #endif
 510
 511     /* Step 5: Apply relocations. */
 512
 513     /* Prepare the sections for relocating. */
 514     for (s = sections; s; s = s->next)
 515         saa_rewind(s->contents);
 516     /* Apply relocations. */
 517     for (r = relocs; r; r = r->next) {
 518         uint8_t *p, *q, mydata[8];
 519         int64_t l;
 520
 521         saa_fread(r->target->contents, r->posn, mydata, r->bytes);
 522         p = q = mydata;
 523         l = *p++;
 524
 525         if (r->bytes > 1) {
 526             l += ((int64_t)*p++) << 8;
 527             if (r->bytes >= 4) {
 528                 l += ((int64_t)*p++) << 16;
 529                 l += ((int64_t)*p++) << 24;
 530             }
 531             if (r->bytes == 8) {
 532                 l += ((int64_t)*p++) << 32;
 533                 l += ((int64_t)*p++) << 40;
 534                 l += ((int64_t)*p++) << 48;
 535                 l += ((int64_t)*p++) << 56;
 536             }
 537         }
 538
 539         s = find_section_by_index(r->secref);
 540         if (s) {
 541             if (r->secref == s->start_index)
 542                 l += s->start;
 543             else
 544                 l += s->vstart;
 545         }
 546         s = find_section_by_index(r->secrel);
 547         if (s) {
 548             if (r->secrel == s->start_index)
 549                 l -= s->start;
 550             else
 551                 l -= s->vstart;
 552         }
 553
 554         if (r->bytes >= 4)
 555             WRITEDLONG(q, l);
 556         else if (r->bytes == 2)
 557             WRITESHORT(q, l);
 558         else
 559             *q++ = (uint8_t)(l & 0xFF);
 560         saa_fwrite(r->target->contents, r->posn, mydata, r->bytes);
 561     }
 562
 563     /* Step 6: Write the section data to the output file. */
 564
 565     /* Write the progbits sections to the output file. */
 566     for (pend = origin, s = sections; s && (s->flags & TYPE_PROGBITS); s = s->next) {   /* Skip zero-length sections. */
 567         if (s->length == 0)
 568             continue;
 569         /* Pad the space between sections. */
 570         for (h = s->start - pend; h; h--)
 571             fputc('\0', fp);
 572         /* Write the section to the output file. */
 573         if (s->length > 0)
 574             saa_fpwrite(s->contents, fp);
 575         pend = s->start + s->length;
 576     }
 577     /* Done writing the file, so close it. */
 578     fclose(fp);
 579
 580     /* Step 7: Generate the map file. */
 581
 582     if (map_control) {
 583         const char *not_defined = { "not defined" };
 584
 585         /* Display input and output file names. */
 586         fprintf(rf, "\n- NASM Map file ");
 587         for (h = 63; h; h--)
 588             fputc('-', rf);
 589         fprintf(rf, "\n\nSource file:  %s\nOutput file:  %s\n\n",
 590                 infile, outfile);
 591
 592         if (map_control & MAP_ORIGIN) { /* Display program origin. */
 593             fprintf(rf, "-- Program origin ");
 594             for (h = 61; h; h--)
 595                 fputc('-', rf);
 596             fprintf(rf, "\n\n%08"PRIX64"\n\n", origin);
 597         }
 598         /* Display sections summary. */
 599         if (map_control & MAP_SUMMARY) {
 600             fprintf(rf, "-- Sections (summary) ");
 601             for (h = 57; h; h--)
 602                 fputc('-', rf);
 603             fprintf(rf, "\n\nVstart            Start             Stop              "
 604                     "Length    Class     Name\n");
 605             for (s = sections; s; s = s->next) {
 606                 fprintf(rf, "%16"PRIX64"  %16"PRIX64"  %16"PRIX64"  %08"PRIX64"  ",
 607                         s->vstart, s->start, s->start + s->length,
 608                         s->length);
 609                 if (s->flags & TYPE_PROGBITS)
 610                     fprintf(rf, "progbits  ");
 611                 else
 612                     fprintf(rf, "nobits    ");
 613                 fprintf(rf, "%s\n", s->name);
 614             }
 615             fprintf(rf, "\n");
 616         }
 617         /* Display detailed section information. */
 618         if (map_control & MAP_SECTIONS) {
 619             fprintf(rf, "-- Sections (detailed) ");
 620             for (h = 56; h; h--)
 621                 fputc('-', rf);
 622             fprintf(rf, "\n\n");
 623             for (s = sections; s; s = s->next) {
 624                 fprintf(rf, "---- Section %s ", s->name);
 625                 for (h = 65 - strlen(s->name); h; h--)
 626                     fputc('-', rf);
 627                 fprintf(rf, "\n\nclass:     ");
 628                 if (s->flags & TYPE_PROGBITS)
 629                     fprintf(rf, "progbits");
 630                 else
 631                     fprintf(rf, "nobits");
 632                 fprintf(rf, "\nlength:    %16"PRIX64"\nstart:     %16"PRIX64""
 633                         "\nalign:     ", s->length, s->start);
 634                 if (s->flags & ALIGN_DEFINED)
 635                     fprintf(rf, "%16"PRIX64"", s->align);
 636                 else
 637                     fprintf(rf, not_defined);
 638                 fprintf(rf, "\nfollows:   ");
 639                 if (s->flags & FOLLOWS_DEFINED)
 640                     fprintf(rf, "%s", s->follows);
 641                 else
 642                     fprintf(rf, not_defined);
 643                 fprintf(rf, "\nvstart:    %16"PRIX64"\nvalign:    ", s->vstart);
 644                 if (s->flags & VALIGN_DEFINED)
 645                     fprintf(rf, "%16"PRIX64"", s->valign);
 646                 else
 647                     fprintf(rf, not_defined);
 648                 fprintf(rf, "\nvfollows:  ");
 649                 if (s->flags & VFOLLOWS_DEFINED)
 650                     fprintf(rf, "%s", s->vfollows);
 651                 else
 652                     fprintf(rf, not_defined);
 653                 fprintf(rf, "\n\n");
 654             }
 655         }
 656         /* Display symbols information. */
 657         if (map_control & MAP_SYMBOLS) {
 658             int32_t segment;
 659             int64_t offset;
 660
 661             fprintf(rf, "-- Symbols ");
 662             for (h = 68; h; h--)
 663                 fputc('-', rf);
 664             fprintf(rf, "\n\n");
 665             if (no_seg_labels) {
 666                 fprintf(rf, "---- No Section ");
 667                 for (h = 63; h; h--)
 668                     fputc('-', rf);
 669                 fprintf(rf, "\n\nValue     Name\n");
 670                 for (l = no_seg_labels; l; l = l->next) {
 671                     lookup_label(l->name, &segment, &offset);
 672                     fprintf(rf, "%08"PRIX64"  %s\n", offset, l->name);
 673                 }
 674                 fprintf(rf, "\n\n");
 675             }
 676             for (s = sections; s; s = s->next) {
 677                 if (s->labels) {
 678                     fprintf(rf, "---- Section %s ", s->name);
 679                     for (h = 65 - strlen(s->name); h; h--)
 680                         fputc('-', rf);
 681                     fprintf(rf, "\n\nReal              Virtual           Name\n");
 682                     for (l = s->labels; l; l = l->next) {
 683                         lookup_label(l->name, &segment, &offset);
 684                         fprintf(rf, "%16"PRIX64"  %16"PRIX64"  %s\n",
 685                                 s->start + offset, s->vstart + offset,
 686                                 l->name);
 687                     }
 688                     fprintf(rf, "\n");
 689                 }
 690             }
 691         }
 692     }
 693
 694     /* Close the report file. */
 695     if (map_control && (rf != stdout) && (rf != stderr))
 696         fclose(rf);
 697
 698     /* Step 8: Release all allocated memory. */
 699
 700     /* Free sections, label pointer structs, etc.. */
 701     while (sections) {
 702         s = sections;
 703         sections = s->next;
 704         saa_free(s->contents);
 705         nasm_free(s->name);
 706         if (s->flags & FOLLOWS_DEFINED)
 707             nasm_free(s->follows);
 708         if (s->flags & VFOLLOWS_DEFINED)
 709             nasm_free(s->vfollows);
 710         while (s->labels) {
 711             l = s->labels;
 712             s->labels = l->next;
 713             nasm_free(l);
 714         }
 715         nasm_free(s);
 716     }
 717
 718     /* Free no-section labels. */
 719     while (no_seg_labels) {
 720         l = no_seg_labels;
 721         no_seg_labels = l->next;
 722         nasm_free(l);
 723     }
 724
 725     /* Free relocation structures. */
 726     while (relocs) {
 727         r = relocs->next;
 728         nasm_free(relocs);
 729         relocs = r;
 730     }
 731 }
 732
 733 static void bin_out(int32_t segto, const void *data,
 734                     enum out_type type, uint64_t size,
 735                     int32_t segment, int32_t wrt)
 736 {
 737     uint8_t *p, mydata[8];
 738     struct Section *s;
 739
 740     if (wrt != NO_SEG) {
 741         wrt = NO_SEG;           /* continue to do _something_ */
 742         error(ERR_NONFATAL, "WRT not supported by binary output format");
 743     }
 744
 745     /* Handle absolute-assembly (structure definitions). */
 746     if (segto == NO_SEG) {
 747         if (type != OUT_RESERVE)
 748             error(ERR_NONFATAL, "attempt to assemble code in"
 749                   " [ABSOLUTE] space");
 750         return;
 751     }
 752
 753     /* Find the segment we are targeting. */
 754     s = find_section_by_index(segto);
 755     if (!s)
 756         error(ERR_PANIC, "code directed to nonexistent segment?");
 757
 758     /* "Smart" section-type adaptation code. */
 759     if (!(s->flags & TYPE_DEFINED)) {
 760         if (type == OUT_RESERVE)
 761             s->flags |= TYPE_DEFINED | TYPE_NOBITS;
 762         else
 763             s->flags |= TYPE_DEFINED | TYPE_PROGBITS;
 764     }
 765
 766     if ((s->flags & TYPE_NOBITS) && (type != OUT_RESERVE))
 767         error(ERR_WARNING, "attempt to initialize memory in a"
 768               " nobits section: ignored");
 769
 770     if (type == OUT_ADDRESS) {
 771         if (segment != NO_SEG && !find_section_by_index(segment)) {
 772             if (segment % 2)
 773                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "binary output format does not support"
 774                       " segment base references");
 775             else
 776                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "binary output format does not support"
 777                       " external references");
 778             segment = NO_SEG;
 779         }
 780         if (s->flags & TYPE_PROGBITS) {
 781             if (segment != NO_SEG)
 782                 add_reloc(s, size, segment, -1L);
 783             p = mydata;
 784             WRITEADDR(p, *(int64_t *)data, size);
 785             saa_wbytes(s->contents, mydata, size);
 786         }
 787         s->length += size;
 788     } else if (type == OUT_RAWDATA) {
 789         if (s->flags & TYPE_PROGBITS)
 790             saa_wbytes(s->contents, data, size);
 791         s->length += size;
 792     } else if (type == OUT_RESERVE) {
 793         if (s->flags & TYPE_PROGBITS) {
 794             error(ERR_WARNING, "uninitialized space declared in"
 795                   " %s section: zeroing", s->name);
 796             saa_wbytes(s->contents, NULL, size);
 797         }
 798         s->length += size;
 799     } else if (type == OUT_REL2ADR || type == OUT_REL4ADR ||
 800                type == OUT_REL8ADR) {
 801         switch (type) {
 802         case OUT_REL2ADR:
 803             size = 2;
 804             break;
 805         case OUT_REL4ADR:
 806             size = 4;
 807             break;
 808         case OUT_REL8ADR:
 809             size = 8;
 810             break;
 811         default:
 812             size = 0;           /* Shut up warning */
 813             break;
 814         }
 815         if (segment != NO_SEG && !find_section_by_index(segment)) {
 816             if (segment % 2)
 817                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "binary output format does not support"
 818                       " segment base references");
 819             else
 820                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "binary output format does not support"
 821                       " external references");
 822             segment = NO_SEG;
 823         }
 824         if (s->flags & TYPE_PROGBITS) {
 825             add_reloc(s, size, segment, segto);
 826             p = mydata;
 827             WRITEADDR(p, *(int64_t *)data - size - s->length, size);
 828             saa_wbytes(s->contents, mydata, size);
 829         }
 830         s->length += size;
 831     }
 832 }
 833
 834 static void bin_deflabel(char *name, int32_t segment, int64_t offset,
 835                          int is_global, char *special)
 836 {
 837     (void)segment;              /* Don't warn that this parameter is unused */
 838     (void)offset;               /* Don't warn that this parameter is unused */
 839
 840     if (special)
 841         error(ERR_NONFATAL, "binary format does not support any"
 842               " special symbol types");
 843     else if (name[0] == '.' && name[1] == '.' && name[2] != '@')
 844         error(ERR_NONFATAL, "unrecognised special symbol `%s'", name);
 845     else if (is_global == 2)
 846         error(ERR_NONFATAL, "binary output format does not support common"
 847               " variables");
 848     else {
 849         struct Section *s;
 850         struct bin_label ***ltp;
 851
 852         /* Remember label definition so we can look it up later when
 853          * creating the map file. */
 854         s = find_section_by_index(segment);
 855         if (s)
 856             ltp = &(s->labels_end);
 857         else
 858             ltp = &nsl_tail;
 859         (**ltp) = nasm_malloc(sizeof(struct bin_label));
 860         (**ltp)->name = name;
 861         (**ltp)->next = NULL;
 862         *ltp = &((**ltp)->next);
 863     }
 864
 865 }
 866
 867 /* These constants and the following function are used
 868  * by bin_secname() to parse attribute assignments. */
 869
 870 enum { ATTRIB_START, ATTRIB_ALIGN, ATTRIB_FOLLOWS,
 871     ATTRIB_VSTART, ATTRIB_VALIGN, ATTRIB_VFOLLOWS,
 872     ATTRIB_NOBITS, ATTRIB_PROGBITS
 873 };
 874
 875 static int bin_read_attribute(char **line, int *attribute,
 876                               uint64_t *value)
 877 {
 878     expr *e;
 879     int attrib_name_size;
 880     struct tokenval tokval;
 881     char *exp;
 882
 883     /* Skip whitespace. */
 884     while (**line && nasm_isspace(**line))
 885         (*line)++;
 886     if (!**line)
 887         return 0;
 888
 889     /* Figure out what attribute we're reading. */
 890     if (!nasm_strnicmp(*line, "align=", 6)) {
 891         *attribute = ATTRIB_ALIGN;
 892         attrib_name_size = 6;
 893     } else if (format_mode) {
 894         if (!nasm_strnicmp(*line, "start=", 6)) {
 895             *attribute = ATTRIB_START;
 896             attrib_name_size = 6;
 897         } else if (!nasm_strnicmp(*line, "follows=", 8)) {
 898             *attribute = ATTRIB_FOLLOWS;
 899             *line += 8;
 900             return 1;
 901         } else if (!nasm_strnicmp(*line, "vstart=", 7)) {
 902             *attribute = ATTRIB_VSTART;
 903             attrib_name_size = 7;
 904         } else if (!nasm_strnicmp(*line, "valign=", 7)) {
 905             *attribute = ATTRIB_VALIGN;
 906             attrib_name_size = 7;
 907         } else if (!nasm_strnicmp(*line, "vfollows=", 9)) {
 908             *attribute = ATTRIB_VFOLLOWS;
 909             *line += 9;
 910             return 1;
 911         } else if (!nasm_strnicmp(*line, "nobits", 6) &&
 912                    (nasm_isspace((*line)[6]) || ((*line)[6] == '\0'))) {
 913             *attribute = ATTRIB_NOBITS;
 914             *line += 6;
 915             return 1;
 916         } else if (!nasm_strnicmp(*line, "progbits", 8) &&
 917                    (nasm_isspace((*line)[8]) || ((*line)[8] == '\0'))) {
 918             *attribute = ATTRIB_PROGBITS;
 919             *line += 8;
 920             return 1;
 921         } else
 922             return 0;
 923     } else
 924         return 0;
 925
 926     /* Find the end of the expression. */
 927     if ((*line)[attrib_name_size] != '(') {
 928         /* Single term (no parenthesis). */
 929         exp = *line += attrib_name_size;
 930         while (**line && !nasm_isspace(**line))
 931             (*line)++;
 932         if (**line) {
 933             **line = '\0';
 934             (*line)++;
 935         }
 936     } else {
 937         char c;
 938         int pcount = 1;
 939
 940         /* Full expression (delimited by parenthesis) */
 941         exp = *line += attrib_name_size + 1;
 942         while (1) {
 943             (*line) += strcspn(*line, "()'\"");
 944             if (**line == '(') {
 945                 ++(*line);
 946                 ++pcount;
 947             }
 948             if (**line == ')') {
 949                 ++(*line);
 950                 --pcount;
 951                 if (!pcount)
 952                     break;
 953             }
 954             if ((**line == '"') || (**line == '\'')) {
 955                 c = **line;
 956                 while (**line) {
 957                     ++(*line);
 958                     if (**line == c)
 959                         break;
 960                 }
 961                 if (!**line) {
 962                     error(ERR_NONFATAL,
 963                           "invalid syntax in `section' directive");
 964                     return -1;
 965                 }
 966                 ++(*line);
 967             }
 968             if (!**line) {
 969                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "expecting `)'");
 970                 return -1;
 971             }
 972         }
 973         *(*line - 1) = '\0';    /* Terminate the expression. */
 974     }
 975
 976     /* Check for no value given. */
 977     if (!*exp) {
 978         error(ERR_WARNING, "No value given to attribute in"
 979               " `section' directive");
 980         return -1;
 981     }
 982
 983     /* Read and evaluate the expression. */
 984     stdscan_reset();
 985     stdscan_bufptr = exp;
 986     tokval.t_type = TOKEN_INVALID;
 987     e = evaluate(stdscan, NULL, &tokval, NULL, 1, error, NULL);
 988     if (e) {
 989         if (!is_really_simple(e)) {
 990             error(ERR_NONFATAL, "section attribute value must be"
 991                   " a critical expression");
 992             return -1;
 993         }
 994     } else {
 995         error(ERR_NONFATAL, "Invalid attribute value"
 996               " specified in `section' directive.");
 997         return -1;
 998     }
 999     *value = (uint64_t)reloc_value(e);
1000     return 1;
1001 }
1002
1003 static void bin_assign_attributes(struct Section *sec, char *astring)
1004 {
1005     int attribute, check;
1006     uint64_t value;
1007     char *p;
1008
1009     while (1) {                 /* Get the next attribute. */
1010         check = bin_read_attribute(&astring, &attribute, &value);
1011         /* Skip bad attribute. */
1012         if (check == -1)
1013             continue;
1014         /* Unknown section attribute, so skip it and warn the user. */
1015         if (!check) {
1016             if (!*astring)
1017                 break;          /* End of line. */
1018             else {
1019                 p = astring;
1020                 while (*astring && !nasm_isspace(*astring))
1021                     astring++;
1022                 if (*astring) {
1023                     *astring = '\0';
1024                     astring++;
1025                 }
1026                 error(ERR_WARNING, "ignoring unknown section attribute:"
1027                       " \"%s\"", p);
1028             }
1029             continue;
1030         }
1031
1032         switch (attribute) {    /* Handle nobits attribute. */
1033         case ATTRIB_NOBITS:
1034             if ((sec->flags & TYPE_DEFINED)
1035                 && (sec->flags & TYPE_PROGBITS))
1036                 error(ERR_NONFATAL,
1037                       "attempt to change section type"
1038                       " from progbits to nobits");
1039             else
1040                 sec->flags |= TYPE_DEFINED | TYPE_NOBITS;
1041             continue;
1042
1043             /* Handle progbits attribute. */
1044         case ATTRIB_PROGBITS:
1045             if ((sec->flags & TYPE_DEFINED) && (sec->flags & TYPE_NOBITS))
1046                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "attempt to change section type"
1047                       " from nobits to progbits");
1048             else
1049                 sec->flags |= TYPE_DEFINED | TYPE_PROGBITS;
1050             continue;
1051
1052             /* Handle align attribute. */
1053         case ATTRIB_ALIGN:
1054             if (!format_mode && (!strcmp(sec->name, ".text")))
1055                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "cannot specify an alignment"
1056                       " to the .text section");
1057             else {
1058                 if (!value || ((value - 1) & value))
1059                     error(ERR_NONFATAL, "argument to `align' is not a"
1060                           " power of two");
1061                 else {          /* Alignment is already satisfied if the previous
1062                                  * align value is greater. */
1063                     if ((sec->flags & ALIGN_DEFINED)
1064                         && (value < sec->align))
1065                         value = sec->align;
1066
1067                     /* Don't allow a conflicting align value. */
1068                     if ((sec->flags & START_DEFINED)
1069                         && (sec->start & (value - 1)))
1070                         error(ERR_NONFATAL,
1071                               "`align' value conflicts "
1072                               "with section start address");
1073                     else {
1074                         sec->align = value;
1075                         sec->flags |= ALIGN_DEFINED;
1076                     }
1077                 }
1078             }
1079             continue;
1080
1081             /* Handle valign attribute. */
1082         case ATTRIB_VALIGN:
1083             if (!value || ((value - 1) & value))
1084                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "argument to `valign' is not a"
1085                       " power of two");
1086             else {              /* Alignment is already satisfied if the previous
1087                                  * align value is greater. */
1088                 if ((sec->flags & VALIGN_DEFINED) && (value < sec->valign))
1089                     value = sec->valign;
1090
1091                 /* Don't allow a conflicting valign value. */
1092                 if ((sec->flags & VSTART_DEFINED)
1093                     && (sec->vstart & (value - 1)))
1094                     error(ERR_NONFATAL,
1095                           "`valign' value conflicts "
1096                           "with `vstart' address");
1097                 else {
1098                     sec->valign = value;
1099                     sec->flags |= VALIGN_DEFINED;
1100                 }
1101             }
1102             continue;
1103
1104             /* Handle start attribute. */
1105         case ATTRIB_START:
1106             if (sec->flags & FOLLOWS_DEFINED)
1107                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "cannot combine `start' and `follows'"
1108                       " section attributes");
1109             else if ((sec->flags & START_DEFINED) && (value != sec->start))
1110                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "section start address redefined");
1111             else {
1112                 sec->start = value;
1113                 sec->flags |= START_DEFINED;
1114                 if (sec->flags & ALIGN_DEFINED) {
1115                     if (sec->start & (sec->align - 1))
1116                         error(ERR_NONFATAL, "`start' address conflicts"
1117                               " with section alignment");
1118                     sec->flags ^= ALIGN_DEFINED;
1119                 }
1120             }
1121             continue;
1122
1123             /* Handle vstart attribute. */
1124         case ATTRIB_VSTART:
1125             if (sec->flags & VFOLLOWS_DEFINED)
1126                 error(ERR_NONFATAL,
1127                       "cannot combine `vstart' and `vfollows'"
1128                       " section attributes");
1129             else if ((sec->flags & VSTART_DEFINED)
1130                      && (value != sec->vstart))
1131                 error(ERR_NONFATAL,
1132                       "section virtual start address"
1133                       " (vstart) redefined");
1134             else {
1135                 sec->vstart = value;
1136                 sec->flags |= VSTART_DEFINED;
1137                 if (sec->flags & VALIGN_DEFINED) {
1138                     if (sec->vstart & (sec->valign - 1))
1139                         error(ERR_NONFATAL, "`vstart' address conflicts"
1140                               " with `valign' value");
1141                     sec->flags ^= VALIGN_DEFINED;
1142                 }
1143             }
1144             continue;
1145
1146             /* Handle follows attribute. */
1147         case ATTRIB_FOLLOWS:
1148             p = astring;
1149             astring += strcspn(astring, " \t");
1150             if (astring == p)
1151                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "expecting section name for `follows'"
1152                       " attribute");
1153             else {
1154                 *(astring++) = '\0';
1155                 if (sec->flags & START_DEFINED)
1156                     error(ERR_NONFATAL,
1157                           "cannot combine `start' and `follows'"
1158                           " section attributes");
1159                 sec->follows = nasm_strdup(p);
1160                 sec->flags |= FOLLOWS_DEFINED;
1161             }
1162             continue;
1163
1164             /* Handle vfollows attribute. */
1165         case ATTRIB_VFOLLOWS:
1166             if (sec->flags & VSTART_DEFINED)
1167                 error(ERR_NONFATAL,
1168                       "cannot combine `vstart' and `vfollows'"
1169                       " section attributes");
1170             else {
1171                 p = astring;
1172                 astring += strcspn(astring, " \t");
1173                 if (astring == p)
1174                     error(ERR_NONFATAL,
1175                           "expecting section name for `vfollows'"
1176                           " attribute");
1177                 else {
1178                     *(astring++) = '\0';
1179                     sec->vfollows = nasm_strdup(p);
1180                     sec->flags |= VFOLLOWS_DEFINED;
1181                 }
1182             }
1183             continue;
1184         }
1185     }
1186 }
1187
1188 static void bin_define_section_labels(void)
1189 {
1190     static int labels_defined = 0;
1191     struct Section *sec;
1192     char *label_name;
1193     size_t base_len;
1194
1195     if (labels_defined)
1196         return;
1197     for (sec = sections; sec; sec = sec->next) {
1198         base_len = strlen(sec->name) + 8;
1199         label_name = nasm_malloc(base_len + 8);
1200         strcpy(label_name, "section.");
1201         strcpy(label_name + 8, sec->name);
1202
1203         /* section.<name>.start */
1204         strcpy(label_name + base_len, ".start");
1205         define_label(label_name, sec->start_index, 0L,
1206                      NULL, 0, 0, bin_get_ofmt(), error);
1207
1208         /* section.<name>.vstart */
1209         strcpy(label_name + base_len, ".vstart");
1210         define_label(label_name, sec->vstart_index, 0L,
1211                      NULL, 0, 0, bin_get_ofmt(), error);
1212
1213         nasm_free(label_name);
1214     }
1215     labels_defined = 1;
1216 }
1217
1218 static int32_t bin_secname(char *name, int pass, int *bits)
1219 {
1220     char *p;
1221     struct Section *sec;
1222
1223     /* bin_secname is called with *name = NULL at the start of each
1224      * pass.  Use this opportunity to establish the default section
1225      * (default is BITS-16 ".text" segment).
1226      */
1227     if (!name) {                /* Reset ORG and section attributes at the start of each pass. */
1228         origin_defined = 0;
1229         for (sec = sections; sec; sec = sec->next)
1230             sec->flags &= ~(START_DEFINED | VSTART_DEFINED |
1231                             ALIGN_DEFINED | VALIGN_DEFINED);
1232
1233         /* Define section start and vstart labels. */
1234         if (format_mode && (pass != 1))
1235             bin_define_section_labels();
1236
1237         /* Establish the default (.text) section. */
1238         *bits = 16;
1239         sec = find_section_by_name(".text");
1240         sec->flags |= TYPE_DEFINED | TYPE_PROGBITS;
1241         current_section = sec->vstart_index;
1242         return current_section;
1243     }
1244
1245     /* Attempt to find the requested section.  If it does not
1246      * exist, create it. */
1247     p = name;
1248     while (*p && !nasm_isspace(*p))
1249         p++;
1250     if (*p)
1251         *p++ = '\0';
1252     sec = find_section_by_name(name);
1253     if (!sec) {
1254         sec = create_section(name);
1255         if (!strcmp(name, ".data"))
1256             sec->flags |= TYPE_DEFINED | TYPE_PROGBITS;
1257         else if (!strcmp(name, ".bss")) {
1258             sec->flags |= TYPE_DEFINED | TYPE_NOBITS;
1259             sec->ifollows = NULL;
1260         } else if (!format_mode) {
1261             error(ERR_NONFATAL, "section name must be "
1262                   ".text, .data, or .bss");
1263             return current_section;
1264         }
1265     }
1266
1267     /* Handle attribute assignments. */
1268     if (pass != 1)
1269         bin_assign_attributes(sec, p);
1270
1271 #ifndef ABIN_SMART_ADAPT
1272     /* The following line disables smart adaptation of
1273      * PROGBITS/NOBITS section types (it forces sections to
1274      * default to PROGBITS). */
1275     if ((pass != 1) && !(sec->flags & TYPE_DEFINED))
1276         sec->flags |= TYPE_DEFINED | TYPE_PROGBITS;
1277 #endif
1278
1279     /* Set the current section and return. */
1280     current_section = sec->vstart_index;
1281     return current_section;
1282 }
1283
1284 static int bin_directive(char *directive, char *args, int pass)
1285 {
1286     /* Handle ORG directive */
1287     if (!nasm_stricmp(directive, "org")) {
1288         struct tokenval tokval;
1289         uint64_t value;
1290         expr *e;
1291
1292         stdscan_reset();
1293         stdscan_bufptr = args;
1294         tokval.t_type = TOKEN_INVALID;
1295         e = evaluate(stdscan, NULL, &tokval, NULL, 1, error, NULL);
1296         if (e) {
1297             if (!is_really_simple(e))
1298                 error(ERR_NONFATAL, "org value must be a critical"
1299                       " expression");
1300             else {
1301                 value = reloc_value(e);
1302                 /* Check for ORG redefinition. */
1303                 if (origin_defined && (value != origin))
1304                     error(ERR_NONFATAL, "program origin redefined");
1305                 else {
1306                     origin = value;
1307                     origin_defined = 1;
1308                 }
1309             }
1310         } else
1311             error(ERR_NONFATAL, "No or invalid offset specified"
1312                   " in ORG directive.");
1313         return 1;
1314     }
1315
1316     /* The 'map' directive allows the user to generate section
1317      * and symbol information to stdout, stderr, or to a file. */
1318     else if (format_mode && !nasm_stricmp(directive, "map")) {
1319         char *p;
1320
1321         if (pass != 1)
1322             return 1;
1323         args += strspn(args, " \t");
1324         while (*args) {
1325             p = args;
1326             args += strcspn(args, " \t");
1327             if (*args != '\0')
1328                 *(args++) = '\0';
1329             if (!nasm_stricmp(p, "all"))
1330                 map_control |=
1331                     MAP_ORIGIN | MAP_SUMMARY | MAP_SECTIONS | MAP_SYMBOLS;
1332             else if (!nasm_stricmp(p, "brief"))
1333                 map_control |= MAP_ORIGIN | MAP_SUMMARY;
1334             else if (!nasm_stricmp(p, "sections"))
1335                 map_control |= MAP_ORIGIN | MAP_SUMMARY | MAP_SECTIONS;
1336             else if (!nasm_stricmp(p, "segments"))
1337                 map_control |= MAP_ORIGIN | MAP_SUMMARY | MAP_SECTIONS;
1338             else if (!nasm_stricmp(p, "symbols"))
1339                 map_control |= MAP_SYMBOLS;
1340             else if (!rf) {
1341                 if (!nasm_stricmp(p, "stdout"))
1342                     rf = stdout;
1343                 else if (!nasm_stricmp(p, "stderr"))
1344                     rf = stderr;
1345                 else {          /* Must be a filename. */
1346                     rf = fopen(p, "wt");
1347                     if (!rf) {
1348                         error(ERR_WARNING, "unable to open map file `%s'",
1349                               p);
1350                         map_control = 0;
1351                         return 1;
1352                     }
1353                 }
1354             } else
1355                 error(ERR_WARNING, "map file already specified");
1356         }
1357         if (map_control == 0)
1358             map_control |= MAP_ORIGIN | MAP_SUMMARY;
1359         if (!rf)
1360             rf = stdout;
1361         return 1;
1362     }
1363     return 0;
1364 }
1365
1366 static void bin_filename(char *inname, char *outname, efunc error)
1367 {
1368     standard_extension(inname, outname, "", error);
1369     infile = inname;
1370     outfile = outname;
1371 }
1372
1373 static int32_t bin_segbase(int32_t segment)
1374 {
1375     return segment;
1376 }
1377
1378 static int bin_set_info(enum geninfo type, char **val)
1379 {
1380     (void)type;
1381     (void)val;
1382     return 0;
1383 }
1384
1385 static void bin_init(FILE * afp, efunc errfunc, ldfunc ldef, evalfunc eval)
1386 {
1387     fp = afp;
1388     error = errfunc;
1389
1390     (void)eval;                 /* Don't warn that this parameter is unused. */
1391     (void)ldef;                 /* Placate optimizers. */
1392
1393     maxbits = 64;               /* Support 64-bit Segments */
1394     relocs = NULL;
1395     reloctail = &relocs;
1396     origin_defined = 0;
1397     no_seg_labels = NULL;
1398     nsl_tail = &no_seg_labels;
1399     format_mode = 1;            /* Extended bin format
1400                                  * (set this to zero for old bin format). */
1401
1402     /* Create default section (.text). */
1403     sections = last_section = nasm_malloc(sizeof(struct Section));
1404     last_section->next = NULL;
1405     last_section->name = nasm_strdup(".text");
1406     last_section->contents = saa_init(1L);
1407     last_section->follows = last_section->vfollows = 0;
1408     last_section->ifollows = NULL;
1409     last_section->length = 0;
1410     last_section->flags = TYPE_DEFINED | TYPE_PROGBITS;
1411     last_section->labels = NULL;
1412     last_section->labels_end = &(last_section->labels);
1413     last_section->start_index = seg_alloc();
1414     last_section->vstart_index = current_section = seg_alloc();
1415 }
1416
1417 struct ofmt of_bin = {
1418     "flat-form binary files (e.g. DOS .COM, .SYS)",
1419     "bin",
1420     NULL,
1421     null_debug_arr,
1422     &null_debug_form,
1423     bin_stdmac,
1424     bin_init,
1425     bin_set_info,
1426     bin_out,
1427     bin_deflabel,
1428     bin_secname,
1429     bin_segbase,
1430     bin_directive,
1431     bin_filename,
1432     bin_cleanup
1433 };
1434
1435 /* This is needed for bin_define_section_labels() */
1436 struct ofmt *bin_get_ofmt(void)
1437 {
1438     return &of_bin;
1439 }
1440
1441 #endif                          /* #ifdef OF_BIN */