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1 .\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.40 2008/04/30 13:10:48 martin Exp $
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27 .
28 .(Note
29 There may be updates to this procedure available from the
30 .Nx*M
31 web page at
32 http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/\*M/ .
33 .Note)
34 .Pp
35 To install or upgrade
36 .Nx ,
37 you need to first boot an installation
38 program and then interact with the screen-menu program
39 .Ic sysinst .
40 The installation program actually consists of the
41 .Nx
42 kernel plus
43 an in-memory file system of utility programs.
44 .Pp
45 From most convenient to least convenient, the installation methods
46 are:
47 .(enum
48 Installation from an existing
49 .Nx
50 or
51 .Tn Ultrix
52 system by booting the
53 install kernel from an existing root file system
54 .Pq Pa / .
55 See the
56 .Sx Installing from an existing system
57 section later in these INSTALL notes.
58 .It
59 Copying a bootable diskimage onto the beginning of a disk and installing
60 onto that disk.
61 See the
62 .Sx Install via diskimage
63 section later in these INSTALL notes.
64 .It
65 Booting the install kernel over the network and installing onto a local
66 disk.
67 See the
68 .Sx Install via netboot install kernel
69 section later in these INSTALL notes.
70 .It
71 Using a helper machine with a SCSI controller to copy the bootable
72 diskimage onto the beginning of a disk, and moving the disk to the
73 target machine.
74 See the
75 .Sx Install via diskimage
76 section later in these INSTALL notes.
77 .It
78 For machines with some PROMs that cannot netboot standard kernels, you
79 will need to set up an NFS server with a diskless root file system for
80 trimmed-down network install kernel and run the installation system from
81 the NFS root file system.
82 See the
83 .Sx Install via diskless boot
84 section later in these INSTALL notes.
85 .enum)
86 .Pp
87 You should familiarize yourself with the console PROM environment
88 and the hardware configuration.
89 The PROMs on the older DECstation 2100 and 3100 use one syntax.
90 The PROMs on the TurboChannel machines use a completely different syntax.
91 Be sure you know how to print the configuration of your machine,
92 and how to boot from disk or network, as appropriate.
93 .Pp
94 To boot from disk, use:
95 .Pp
96 .(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
97 .It "2100 or 3100:"
98 .Ic "boot -f rz(0," Ns Ar X Ns Ic ",0)netbsd"
99 .It "5000/200:"
100 .Ic "boot 5/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd"
101 .It "other 5000s:"
102 .Ic "boot 3/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd"
103 .tag)
104 .Pp
105 To boot via TFTP, use:
106 .Pp
107 .(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
108 .It "2100 or 3100:"
109 .Ic "boot -f tftp()"
110 .It "5000/200:"
111 .Ic "boot 6/tftp"
112 .It "other 5000s:"
113 .Ic "boot 3/tftp"
114 .tag)
115 .Pp
116 To boot via MOP, use:
117 .Pp
118 .(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
119 .It "2100 or 3100:"
120 .Ic "boot -f mop()"
121 .It "5000/200:"
122 .Ic "boot 6/mop"
123 .It "other 5000s:"
124 .Ic "boot 3/mop"
125 .tag)
126 .Pp
127 You will also need to know the total size (in sectors) and the
128 approximate geometry of the disks you are installing onto, so that you
129 can label your disks for the
130 .Bx
131 fast file system (FFS).
132 For most SCSI drives (including all SCSI-2 drives),
133 the kernel will correctly detect the disk geometry.
134 The
135 .Ic sysinst
136 tool will suggest these as the default.
137 .Pp
138 If you're installing
139 .Nx*M
140 for the first time it's a very
141 good idea to pre-plan partition sizes for the disks on which you're
142 installing
143 .Nx .
144 Changing the size of partitions after you've installed is difficult.
145 If you do not have a spare bootable disk, it may be simpler to re-install
146 .Nx
147 again from scratch.
148 .Pp
149 Assuming a classic partition scheme with separate
150 .Pa /
151 (root)
152 and
153 .Pa /usr
154 file systems, a comfortable size for the
155 .Nx
156 .Pa /
157 partition is about 100 MB.
158 A good initial size for the swap partition is twice the
159 amount of physical memory in your machine (though, unlike
160 .Tn Ultrix ,
161 there are no restrictions on the size of the swap partition that would render
162 part of your memory unusable).
163 The default swap size is 64 MB, which
164 is adequate for doing a full system build.
165 .
166 .Ss2 Install via a NetBSD CD-ROM
167 .
168 You can obtain the disk image or diskless boot tar file from the
169 .Nx \*V
170 .Tn CD-ROM .
171 .Pp
172 To mount the CD-ROM from a
173 .Nx*M
174 host, type
175 .Pp
176 .Dl # Ic "mount -r -t cd9660 /dev/cd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c /mnt"
177 .Pp
178 and from an
179 .Tn Ultrix
180 host
181 .Pp
182 .Dl # Ic "mount -r -t cdfs -o nodefperm,noversion /dev/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c /mnt"
183 .Pp
184 where
185 .Ar X
186 is the SCSI-ID of the CD-ROM.
187 .(Note
188 .Tn Ultrix
189 does not have Rock Ridge extensions so leave out everything
190 between the first and last period
191 .Pq Sq \&.
192 in the paths on the CD.
193 For example, the path
194 .Pa NetBSD-1.4.3
195 would show up as
196 .Pa NetBSD-1.3 .
197 .Note)
198 .Pp
199 The diskimage file can be found on the CD-ROM at the following location
200 (relative to the mount point of the CD)
201 .Pp
202 .Dl Pa \*M/installation/diskimage/diskimage.gz
203 .Pp
204 and the diskless boot tar file can be found at
205 .Pp
206 .Dl Pa \*M/installation/netboot/diskimage.tgz
207 .Pp
208 Once you have located these files, continue on to either
209 .Sx Install via netboot install kernel ,
210 .Sx Install via diskless boot ,
211 .Sx Install via diskimage
212 or
213 .Sx Installing from an existing system
214 section later in the INSTALL notes.
215 .
216 .Ss2 Installing from an existing system
217 .
218 .Pp
219 With the
220 .Nx
221 bootblocks or using the
222 .Tn Ultrix
223 bootloader, you can boot the kernel located in:
224 .Pp
225 .Dl Pa \*M/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz
226 .Pp
227 On
228 .Tn Ultrix
229 systems you will need to
230 .Ic gunzip
231 this kernel before booting it.
232 .Pp
233 Then boot using one of:
234 .Pp
235 .(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
236 .It "2100 or 3100:"
237 .Ic "boot -f rz(0," Ns Ar X Ns Ic ",0)netbsd-INSTALL"
238 .It "5000/200:"
239 .Ic "boot 5/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd-INSTALL"
240 .It "other 5000s:"
241 .Ic "boot 3/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd-INSTALL"
242 .tag)
243 .Pp
244 where
245 .Ar X
246 is your boot disk SCSI-ID, and continue to the
247 .Sx Once you've booted the diskimage
248 section
249 .
250 .Ss2 Install via diskimage
251 .
252 The diskimage file is in
253 .Pp
254 .Dl Pa \*M/installation/diskimage/diskimage.gz .
255 .Pp
256 It is shipped compressed and is around 1760 kbytes, uncompressing to
257 exactly 2100 kbytes.
258 .Pp
259 To install the diskimage onto disk
260 .Li sd Ns Ar X
261 on a
262 .Nx*M
263 system, do:
264 .Pp
265 .Dl # Ic "disklabel -W /dev/rsd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c"
266 .Dl # Ic "gunzip -c diskimage.gz\ |\ dd of=/dev/rsd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c bs=10240"
267 .Pp
268 When installing on a disk with no
269 .Nx
270 or
271 .Tn Ultrix
272 label, you may get a
273 message like:
274 .Pp
275 .Dl sdX: WARNING: trying Ultrix label, no disk label
276 .Pp
277 or when installing on an old
278 .Tn Ultrix
279 disk, you may get a message like:
280 .Pp
281 .Dl sdX: WARNING: using ULTRIX partition information
282 .Pp
283 when issuing the
284 .Ic "disklabel -W /dev/rsd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c"
285 command.
286 This can safely be ignored.
287 .Pp
288 On
289 .Nx Ns /i386,
290 the
291 .Dq raw disk partition
292 is the
293 .Sq Li d
294 partition, so do:
295 .Pp
296 .Dl # Ic "disklabel -W /dev/rsd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "d"
297 .Dl # Ic "gunzip -c diskimage.gz\ |\ dd of=/dev/rsd" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "d bs=10240"
298 .Pp
299 On
300 .Nx ,
301 be sure to use
302 .Ic disklabel -W
303 to enable writing to the label
304 area of the disk.
305 If you forget this and/or use the
306 .Sq block
307 device, the
308 .Ic dd
309 command may silently fail.
310 .Pp
311 On
312 .Tn Ultrix
313 systems, do:
314 .Pp
315 .Dl # Ic "gunzip -c diskimage.gz | dd of=/dev/rrz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "c bs=10240"
316 .Pp
317 On
318 .Tn MS-DOS ,
319 use an
320 .Sq unzip
321 utility, then use
322 .Ic rawrite .
323 .Pp
324 Then boot using one of:
325 .Pp
326 .(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
327 .It "2100 or 3100:"
328 .Ic "boot -f rz(0," Ns Ar X Ns Ic ",0)netbsd"
329 .It "5000/200:"
330 .Ic "boot 5/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd"
331 .It "other 5000s:"
332 .Ic "boot 3/rz" Ns Ar X Ns Ic "/netbsd"
333 .tag)
334 .Pp
335 where
336 .Ar X
337 is your boot disk SCSI-ID, and continue to the
338 .Sx Once you've booted the diskimage
339 section.
340 .
341 .Ss2 Install via netboot install kernel
342 .
343 Booting
344 .Nx*M
345 \*V install kernel over a network requires a BOOTP
346 or DHCP server and a TFTP server.
347 (These are usually all run on the same machine.)
348 There are two basic stages to the boot:
349 .Pp
350 .
351 .(bullet
352 The \*M PROM software sends a BOOTP request to get its own address, the
353 address of the TFTP server and the file to download.
354 .It
355 It downloads the file name obtained from BOOTP, which is the install
356 kernel, via TFTP and then executes it.
357 .bullet)
358 .
359 .Pp
360 You will need to set up servers for BOOTP and TFTP.
361 .Pp
362 For the BOOTP server you need to specify the:
363 .Pp
364 .
365 .(bullet -compact
366 hardware type (Ethernet)
367 .It
368 hardware address (Ethernet MAC address)
369 .It
370 IP address of the client
371 .It
372 subnet mask of the client
373 .It
374 address of the TFTP server
375 .It
376 name of the kernel loaded via TFTP
377 .bullet)
378 .
379 .Pp
380 Here's an example for a
381 .Ul
382 system running
383 .Ic bootpd :
384 .(disp
385 myhost.mydom.com:\e
386 :ht=ethernet:ha=08002b123456:\e
387 :ip=192.168.1.2:sm=255.255.255.0:\e
388 :sa=192.168.1.1:bf=install:\e
389 :rp=/usr/export/\*M:
390 .disp)
391 .Pp
392 And here's an example for a
393 .Ul
394 system running the ISC
395 .Ic dhcpd :
396 .(disp
397 host \*M {
398 hardware ethernet 08:0:2b:12:34:56;
399 fixed-address 192.168.1.2;
400 option host-name "myhost.mydom.com";
401 filename "install";
402 option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
403 option broadcast-address 255.255.255.0;
404 option domain-name "my.domain";
405 option root-path "/usr/export/\*M";
406 }
407 .disp)
408 .Pp
409 For the TFTP server, You will need to copy the
410 .Ic install.ecoff
411 kernel to the directory used by the TFTP server.
412 This file must be gunzipped.
413 .Pp
414 Then boot using one of:
415 .Pp
416 .(tag 12n -offset indent -compact
417 .It "2100 or 3100:"
418 .Ic "boot -f tftp()"
419 .It "5000/200:"
420 .Ic "boot 6/tftp"
421 .It "other 5000s:"
422 .Ic "boot 3/tftp"
423 .tag)
424 .Pp
425 and continue to the
426 .Sx Once you've booted the diskimage
427 section.
428 .
429 .Ss2 Install via diskless boot
430 .
431 The file
432 .Pa \*M/installation/netboot/diskimage.tar.gz
433 contains a suitable set of files for installing on an NFS server to set
434 up a diskless root filesytem.
435 (It is a tar copy of the contents of an
436 installation ramdisk file system contained in the install kernel.)
437 You will need to find an NFS server, unpack the tarfile, and setup
438 BOOTP/dhcp service for your \*M.
439 Instructions for setting up an NFS server and diskless booting are on the
440 .Nx*M
441 netboot
442 webpage at
443 .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/\*M/netboot.html
444 .Pp
445 Since the system install utility,
446 .Ic sysinst ,
447 requires a read/write root,
448 installing via diskless boot is only feasible if your NFS server exports
449 the diskless root read-write.
450 If this is not possible, you should
451 install via other of the other installation procedures.
452 .Pp
453 Once you have booted the kernel, continue to the
454 .Sx Once you've booted the diskimage
455 section.
456 .
457 .Ss2 Once you've booted the diskimage
458 .
459 Once you've booted the installation kernel you will need to
460 select your terminal type.
461 Use
462 .Ic vt100
463 for a framebuffer console or a serial console with a vt100-compatible terminal, or
464 .Ic xterm
465 or
466 .Ic xterms
467 for a
468 .Xr tip 1
469 or
470 .Xr cu 1
471 connection running in an
472 .Xr xterm 1 .
473 .Pp
474 The system will then start the
475 .Ic sysinst
476 program.
477 .so ../common/sysinst