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1 .\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.15 2008/04/30 13:10:49 martin Exp $
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27 .
28 Installing
29 .Nx
30 is a relatively complex process, but if you have
31 this document in hand it should not be too difficult.
32 .Pp
33 There are several ways to install
34 .Nx
35 onto your disk.
36 If your machine has a tape drive the easiest way is
37 .Sx "Installing from tape"
38 (details below).
39 If your machine is on a network with a suitable NFS server, then
40 .Sx "Installing from NFS"
41 is the next best method.
42 Otherwise, if you have another
43 .Tn Sun
44 machine running
45 .Tn SunOS
46 you can initialize the disk on that machine and then move the disk.
47 (Installing from
48 .Tn SunOS
49 is not recommended.)
50 .
51 .Ss2 Installing from tape
52 .
53 Create the
54 .Nx*M
55 \*V boot tape as described in the section
56 entitled
57 .Sx "Preparing a boot tape"
58 and boot the tape.
59 At the PROM monitor prompt, use one of the commands:
60 .Pp
61 .Dl \*[Gt] Ns Ic "b st()"
62 .Dl \*[Gt] Ns Ic "b st(0,8,0)"
63 .Pp
64 The first example will use the tape on SCSI target 4, where the
65 second will use SCSI target 5.
66 The
67 .Li \*[Gt]
68 is the monitor prompt.
69 .Pp
70 After the tape loads, you should see many lines of configuration
71 messages, and then the following
72 .Sq "welcome"
73 screen:
74 .(disp
75 Welcome to the NetBSD/\*M RAMDISK root!
77 This environment is designed to do only three things:
78 1: Partition your disk (use the command: edlabel /dev/rsd0c)
79 2: Copy a miniroot image into the swap partition (/dev/rsd0b)
80 3: Reboot (using the swap partition, i.e. /dev/sd?b).
82 Note that the sun3 firmware cannot boot from a partition located
83 more than 1 GB from the beginning of the disk, so the swap partition
84 should be completely below the 1 GB boundary.
86 Copying the miniroot can be done several ways, allowing
87 the source of the miniroot image to be on any of these:
88 boot tape, NFS server, TFTP server, rsh server
90 The easiest is loading from tape, which is done as follows:
91 mt -f /dev/nrst0 rewind
92 mt -f /dev/nrst0 fsf 2
93 dd if=/dev/nrst0 of=/dev/rsd0b bs=32k conv=sync
94 (For help with other methods, please see the install notes.)
96 To reboot using the swap partition, first use "halt",
97 then at the PROM monitor prompt use a command like:
98 b sd(,,1) -s
100 To view this message again, type: cat /.welcome
101 .disp)
102 .Pp
103 Copy the miniroot as described in the welcome message, and
104 reboot from that just installed miniroot.
105 See the section entitled
106 .Sx Booting the miniroot
107 for details.
108 .
109 .Ss2 Installing from NFS
110 .
111 Before you can install from NFS, you must have already configured
112 your NFS server to support your machine as a diskless client.
113 Instructions for configuring the server are found in the section
114 entitled
115 .Sx Getting the NetBSD System onto Useful Media
116 above.
117 .Pp
118 First, at the
119 .Tn Sun
120 PROM monitor prompt, enter a boot command
121 using the network interface as the boot device.
122 On desktop machines this is
123 .Em le ,
124 and
125 .Em ie
126 on the others.
127 Examples:
128 .Pp
129 .Dl \*[Gt] Ns Ic "b le() -s"
130 .Dl \*[Gt] Ns Ic "b ie() -s"
131 .Pp
132 After the boot program loads the RAMDISK kernel, you should
133 see the welcome screen as shown in the
134 .Sx Installing from tape
135 section above.
136 You must configure the network interface before you
137 can use any network resources.
138 For example the command:
139 .Pp
140 .Dl ssh\*[Gt] Ic "ifconfig le0 inet 192.233.20.198 up"
141 .Pp
142 will bring up the network interface with that address.
143 The next step is to copy the miniroot from your server.
144 This can be done using either NFS or remote shell.
145 (In the examples that follow, the server has IP address 192.233.20.195.)
146 You may then need to add a default route if the server is on
147 a different subnet:
148 .Pp
149 .Dl ssh\*[Gt] Ic "route add default 192.233.20.255 1"
150 .Pp
151 You can look at the route table using:
152 .Pp
153 .Dl ssh\*[Gt] Ic "route show"
154 .Pp
155 Now mount the NFS file system containing the miniroot image:
156 .Pp
157 .Dl ssh\*[Gt] Ic "mount -r 192.233.20.195:/server/path /mnt"
158 .Pp
159 The procedure is simpler if you have space for an expanded
160 (not compressed) copy of the miniroot image.
161 In that case:
162 .Pp
163 .Dl ssh\*[Gt] Ic "dd if=/mnt/miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b bs=8k"
164 .Pp
165 Otherwise, you will need to use
166 .Ic zcat
167 to expand the miniroot image while copying.
168 This is tricky because the
169 .Ic ssh
170 program
171 (small shell) does not handle
172 .Xr sh 1
173 pipeline syntax.
174 Instead, you first run the reader in the background with its input set
175 to
176 .Pa /dev/pipe
177 and then run the other program in the foreground with its output to
178 .Pa /dev/pipe .
179 The result looks like this:
180 .Pp
181 .Dl ssh\*[Gt] Ic "run -bg dd if=/dev/pipe of=/dev/rsd0b obs=8k"
182 .Dl ssh\*[Gt] Ic "run -o /dev/pipe zcat /mnt/install/miniroot.fs.gz"
183 .Pp
184 To load the miniroot using rsh to the server, you would use a
185 pair of commands similar to the above.
186 Here is another example:
187 .Pp
188 .Dl ssh\*[Gt] Ic "run -b dd if=/dev/pipe of=/dev/rsd0b obs=8k"
189 .Dl ssh\*[Gt] Ic "run -o /dev/pipe rsh 192.233.20.195 zcat miniroot.fs.gz"
190 .
191 .Ss2 Installing from SunOS
192 .
193 To install
194 .Nx*M
195 onto a machine already running
196 .Tn SunOS ,
197 you
198 will need the miniroot image (miniroot.fs.gz) and some means to
199 decompress it.
200 .Pp
201 First, boot
202 .Tn SunOS
203 and place the miniroot file onto the hard drive.
204 If you do not have
205 .Ic gzip
206 for
207 .Tn SunOS ,
208 you will need to decompress
209 the image elsewhere before you can use it.
210 .Pp
211 Next, bring
212 .Tn SunOS
213 down to single user mode to insure that nothing
214 will be using the swap space on your drive.
215 To be extra safe, reboot the machine into single-user mode
216 rather than using the
217 .Ic shutdown
218 command.
219 .Pp
220 Now copy the miniroot image onto your swap device (here
221 .Pa /dev/rsd0b )
222 with the command
223 .Pp
224 .Dl Ic "gzip -dc miniroot.fs.gz | dd of=/dev/rsd0b obs=32k"
225 .Pp
226 or if you have already decompressed the miniroot
227 .Pp
228 .Dl Ic "dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b obs=32k"
229 .Pp
230 Finally, reboot the machine and instruct the ROM to boot from
231 the swap device as described in the next section.
232 .
233 .Ss2 Booting the Miniroot
234 .
235 If the miniroot was installed on partition
236 .Sq Li b
237 of the disk with
238 SCSI target ID=0 then the PROM boot command would be:
239 .Pp
240 .Dl \*[Gt] Ns Ic "b sd(0,0,1) -s"
241 .Pp
242 With SCSI target ID=2, the PROM is:
243 .Pp
244 .Dl \*[Gt] Ns Ic "b sd(0,10,1) -s"
245 .Pp
246 The numbers in parentheses above are:
247 .(enum -compact -offset indent
248 controller (usually zero)
249 .It
250 unit number (SCSI-ID * 8, in hexadecimal)
251 .It
252 partition number
253 .enum)
254 .
255 .Ss2 Miniroot install program
256 .
257 The miniroot's install program is very simple to use.
258 It will guide you through the entire process, and is well automated.
259 Additional improvements are planned for future releases.
260 .Pp
261 The miniroot's install program will:
262 .(bullet -offset indent
263 Allow you to place disklabels on additional disks.
264 The disk we are installing on should already have
265 been partitioned using the RAMDISK kernel.
266 .It
267 Create file systems on target partitions.
268 .It
269 Allow you to set up your system's network configuration.
270 Remember to specify host names without the domain name
271 appended to the end.
272 For example use
273 .Li foo
274 instead of
275 .Li foo.bar.org .
276 If, during the process of configuring
277 the network interfaces, you make a mistake, you will
278 be able to re-configure that interface by simply selecting
279 it for configuration again.
280 .It
281 Mount target file systems.
282 You will be given the opportunity to manually edit the resulting
283 .Pa /etc/fstab .
284 .It
285 Extract binary sets from the media of your choice.
286 .It
287 Copy configuration information gathered during the
288 installation process to your root file system
289 .Pq Pa / .
290 .It
291 Make device nodes in your root file system under
292 .Pa /dev .
293 .It
294 Copy a new kernel onto your root partition
295 .Pq Pa / .
296 .It
297 Install a new boot block.
298 .It
299 Check your file systems for integrity.
300 .bullet)
301 .Pp
302 First-time installation on a system through a method other than the
303 installation program is possible, but strongly discouraged.