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   7 QMGR(8)                                                                QMGR(8)
   8
   9 <b>NAME</b>
  10        qmgr - Postfix queue manager
  11
  12 <b>SYNOPSIS</b>
  13        <b>qmgr</b> [generic Postfix daemon options]
  14
  15 <b>DESCRIPTION</b>
  16        The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>qmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon awaits the arrival of incoming mail and
  17        arranges for its delivery via Postfix delivery  processes.
  18        The actual mail routing strategy is delegated to the <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html"><b>triv-</b></a>
  19        <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html"><b>ial-rewrite</b>(8)</a> daemon.  This program  expects  to  be  run
  20        from the <a href="master.8.html"><b>master</b>(8)</a> process manager.
  21
  22        Mail  addressed  to  the  local  <b>double-bounce</b>  address is
  23        logged and discarded.  This stops potential  loops  caused
  24        by undeliverable bounce notifications.
  25
  26 <b>MAIL QUEUES</b>
  27        The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>qmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon maintains the following queues:
  28
  29        <b>incoming</b>
  30               Inbound mail from the network, or mail picked up by
  31               the local <a href="pickup.8.html"><b>pickup</b>(8)</a> daemon from the <b>maildrop</b> direc-
  32               tory.
  33
  34        <b>active</b> Messages  that  the  queue  manager  has opened for
  35               delivery. Only a  limited  number  of  messages  is
  36               allowed  to  enter  the  <b>active</b> queue (leaky bucket
  37               strategy, for a fixed delivery rate).
  38
  39        <b>deferred</b>
  40               Mail that could not be  delivered  upon  the  first
  41               attempt.  The  queue manager implements exponential
  42               backoff  by  doubling  the  time  between  delivery
  43               attempts.
  44
  45        <b>corrupt</b>
  46               Unreadable  or  damaged  queue files are moved here
  47               for inspection.
  48
  49        <b>hold</b>   Messages that are kept  "on  hold"  are  kept  here
  50               until someone sets them free.
  51
  52 <b>DELIVERY STATUS REPORTS</b>
  53        The  <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>qmgr</b>(8)</a>  daemon  keeps an eye on per-message delivery
  54        status reports in the following directories.  Each  status
  55        report file has the same name as the corresponding message
  56        file:
  57
  58        <b>bounce</b> Per-recipient status information about why mail  is
  59               bounced.    These   files  are  maintained  by  the
  60               <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a> daemon.
  61
  62        <b>defer</b>  Per-recipient status information about why mail  is
  63               delayed.    These   files  are  maintained  by  the
  64               <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> daemon.
  65
  66        <b>trace</b>  Per-recipient status information as requested  with
  67               the  Postfix  "<b>sendmail  -v</b>" or "<b>sendmail -bv</b>" com-
  68               mand.  These files are maintained by  the  <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a>
  69               daemon.
  70
  71        The   <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>qmgr</b>(8)</a>   daemon   is  responsible  for  asking  the
  72        <a href="bounce.8.html"><b>bounce</b>(8)</a>, <a href="defer.8.html"><b>defer</b>(8)</a> or <a href="trace.8.html"><b>trace</b>(8)</a> daemons to  send  delivery
  73        reports.
  74
  75 <b>STRATEGIES</b>
  76        The  queue  manager implements a variety of strategies for
  77        either opening queue files (input) or for message delivery
  78        (output).
  79
  80        <b>leaky bucket</b>
  81               This  strategy limits the number of messages in the
  82               <b>active</b> queue and prevents the  queue  manager  from
  83               running out of memory under heavy load.
  84
  85        <b>fairness</b>
  86               When  the  <b>active</b> queue has room, the queue manager
  87               takes one message from the <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue"><b>incoming</b> queue</a>  and  one
  88               from the <b>deferred</b> queue. This prevents a large mail
  89               backlog from blocking the delivery of new mail.
  90
  91        <b>slow start</b>
  92               This strategy eliminates "thundering herd" problems
  93               by slowly adjusting the number of parallel deliver-
  94               ies to the same destination.
  95
  96        <b>round robin</b>
  97               The queue manager sorts delivery requests by desti-
  98               nation.   Round-robin selection prevents one desti-
  99               nation from dominating deliveries to other destina-
 100               tions.
 101
 102        <b>exponential backoff</b>
 103               Mail  that  cannot  be  delivered  upon  the  first
 104               attempt is deferred.   The  time  interval  between
 105               delivery attempts is doubled after each attempt.
 106
 107        <b>destination status cache</b>
 108               The   queue  manager  avoids  unnecessary  delivery
 109               attempts by  maintaining  a  short-term,  in-memory
 110               list of unreachable destinations.
 111
 112        <b>preemptive message scheduling</b>
 113               The  queue manager attempts to minimize the average
 114               per-recipient delay while still preserving the cor-
 115               rect per-message delays, using a sophisticated pre-
 116               emptive message scheduling.
 117
 118 <b>TRIGGERS</b>
 119        On an idle system, the queue manager waits for the arrival
 120        of  trigger  events,  or it waits for a timer to go off. A
 121        trigger is a one-byte message.  Depending on  the  message
 122        received,  the queue manager performs one of the following
 123        actions (the message is followed by the symbolic  constant
 124        used internally by the software):
 125
 126        <b>D (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_DEFERRED)</b>
 127               Start  a  <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scan.  If a deferred queue
 128               scan is already in  progress,  that  scan  will  be
 129               restarted as soon as it finishes.
 130
 131        <b>I (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_INCOMING)</b>
 132               Start  an <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a> scan. If an incoming queue
 133               scan is already in  progress,  that  scan  will  be
 134               restarted as soon as it finishes.
 135
 136        <b>A (QMGR_REQ_SCAN_ALL)</b>
 137               Ignore <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> file time stamps. The request
 138               affects the next <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scan.
 139
 140        <b>F (QMGR_REQ_FLUSH_DEAD)</b>
 141               Purge all information  about  dead  transports  and
 142               destinations.
 143
 144        <b>W (TRIGGER_REQ_WAKEUP)</b>
 145               Wakeup  call,  This is used by the master server to
 146               instantiate servers that should not  go  away  for-
 147               ever.  The  action  is  to  start an <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a>
 148               scan.
 149
 150        The <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>qmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon reads an entire buffer worth  of  trig-
 151        gers.   Multiple  identical trigger requests are collapsed
 152        into one, and trigger requests are sorted so that <b>A</b> and  <b>F</b>
 153        precede  <b>D</b> and <b>I</b>. Thus, in order to force a <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a>
 154        run, one would request <b>A F D</b>; in order to notify the queue
 155        manager of the arrival of new mail one would request <b>I</b>.
 156
 157 <b>STANDARDS</b>
 158        <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3463">RFC 3463</a> (Enhanced status codes)
 159        <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3464">RFC 3464</a> (Delivery status notifications)
 160
 161 <b>SECURITY</b>
 162        The  <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>qmgr</b>(8)</a>  daemon  is  not security sensitive. It reads
 163        single-character messages from untrusted local users,  and
 164        thus  may be susceptible to denial of service attacks. The
 165        <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>qmgr</b>(8)</a> daemon does not talk to the outside world, and  it
 166        can  be  run at fixed low privilege in a chrooted environ-
 167        ment.
 168
 169 <b>DIAGNOSTICS</b>
 170        Problems and transactions are logged to the syslog daemon.
 171        Corrupted message files are saved to the <b>corrupt</b> queue for
 172        further inspection.
 173
 174        Depending on the setting of the <b><a href="postconf.5.html#notify_classes">notify_classes</a></b>  parameter,
 175        the  postmaster  is notified of bounces and of other trou-
 176        ble.
 177
 178 <b>BUGS</b>
 179        A single queue manager process has  to  compete  for  disk
 180        access   with   multiple   front-end   processes  such  as
 181        <a href="cleanup.8.html"><b>cleanup</b>(8)</a>. A sudden burst of inbound mail can  negatively
 182        impact outbound delivery rates.
 183
 184 <b>CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</b>
 185        Changes  to  <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>main.cf</b></a>  are  not  picked up automatically as
 186        <a href="qmgr.8.html"><b>qmgr</b>(8)</a> is a persistent process. Use the "<b>postfix  reload</b>"
 187        command after a configuration change.
 188
 189        The  text  below  provides  only  a parameter summary. See
 190        <a href="postconf.5.html"><b>postconf</b>(5)</a> for more details including examples.
 191
 192        In the text below, <i>transport</i> is the first field in a  <b>mas-</b>
 193        <b>ter.cf</b> entry.
 194
 195 <b>COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS</b>
 196        Available before Postfix version 2.5:
 197
 198        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#allow_min_user">allow_min_user</a> (no)</b>
 199               Allow  a sender or recipient address to have `-' as
 200               the first character.
 201
 202 <b>ACTIVE QUEUE CONTROLS</b>
 203        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_clog_warn_time">qmgr_clog_warn_time</a> (300s)</b>
 204               The minimal delay between warnings that a  specific
 205               destination  is  clogging  up  the  Postfix  active
 206               queue.
 207
 208        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_active_limit">qmgr_message_active_limit</a> (20000)</b>
 209               The maximal number of messages in the <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a>.
 210
 211        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_recipient_limit">qmgr_message_recipient_limit</a> (20000)</b>
 212               The  maximal number of recipients held in memory by
 213               the Postfix queue manager, and the maximal size  of
 214               the size of the short-term, in-memory "dead" desti-
 215               nation status cache.
 216
 217        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#qmgr_message_recipient_minimum">qmgr_message_recipient_minimum</a> (10)</b>
 218               The minimal number of in-memory recipients for  any
 219               message.
 220
 221        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_recipient_limit">default_recipient_limit</a> (20000)</b>
 222               The default per-transport upper limit on the number
 223               of in-memory recipients.
 224
 225        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_recipient_limit"><i>transport</i>_recipient_limit</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_recipient_limit">default_recipient_limit</a>)</b>
 226               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 227
 228        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_extra_recipient_limit">default_extra_recipient_limit</a> (1000)</b>
 229               The default value for the extra per-transport limit
 230               imposed on the number of in-memory recipients.
 231
 232        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_extra_recipient_limit"><i>transport</i>_extra_recipient_limit</a>    ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_extra_recipient_limit">default_extra_recipi</a>-</b>
 233        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_extra_recipient_limit">ent_limit</a>)</b>
 234               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 235
 236        Available in Postfix version 2.4 and later:
 237
 238        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_recipient_refill_limit">default_recipient_refill_limit</a> (100)</b>
 239               The  default  per-transport  limit on the number of
 240               recipients refilled at once.
 241
 242        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_recipient_refill_limit"><i>transport</i>_recipient_refill_limit</a>         ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_recipient_refill_limit">default_recipi</a>-</b>
 243        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_recipient_refill_limit">ent_refill_limit</a>)</b>
 244               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 245
 246        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_recipient_refill_delay">default_recipient_refill_delay</a> (5s)</b>
 247               The  default  per-transport  maximum  delay between
 248               recipients refills.
 249
 250        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_recipient_refill_delay"><i>transport</i>_recipient_refill_delay</a>         ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_recipient_refill_delay">default_recipi</a>-</b>
 251        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_recipient_refill_delay">ent_refill_delay</a>)</b>
 252               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 253
 254 <b>DELIVERY CONCURRENCY CONTROLS</b>
 255        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">initial_destination_concurrency</a> (5)</b>
 256               The  initial  per-destination concurrency level for
 257               parallel delivery to the same destination.
 258
 259        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destination_concurrency_limit</a> (20)</b>
 260               The default maximal number of  parallel  deliveries
 261               to the same destination.
 262
 263        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_limit</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">default_destina</a>-</b>
 264        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_limit">tion_concurrency_limit</a>)</b>
 265               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 266
 267        Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:
 268
 269        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_initial_destination_concurrency"><i>transport</i>_initial_destination_concurrency</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">initial_desti</a>-</b>
 270        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#initial_destination_concurrency">nation_concurrency</a>)</b>
 271               Initial concurrency for delivery via the named mes-
 272               sage <i>transport</i>.
 273
 274        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a> (1)</b>
 275               How  many  pseudo-cohorts must suffer connection or
 276               handshake failure before a specific destination  is
 277               considered  unavailable  (and  further  delivery is
 278               suspended).
 279
 280        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a></b>
 281        <b>($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit">default_destination_concurrency_failed_cohort_limit</a>)</b>
 282               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 283
 284        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a> (1)</b>
 285               The  per-destination amount of delivery concurrency
 286               negative feedback, after a delivery completes  with
 287               a connection or handshake failure.
 288
 289        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a></b>
 290        <b>($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_negative_feedback</a>)</b>
 291               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 292
 293        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a> (1)</b>
 294               The per-destination amount of delivery  concurrency
 295               positive feedback, after a delivery completes with-
 296               out connection or handshake failure.
 297
 298        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback"><i>transport</i>_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a></b>
 299        <b>($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback">default_destination_concurrency_positive_feedback</a>)</b>
 300               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 301
 302        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#destination_concurrency_feedback_debug">destination_concurrency_feedback_debug</a> (no)</b>
 303               Make the queue manager's feedback algorithm verbose
 304               for performance analysis purposes.
 305
 306 <b>RECIPIENT SCHEDULING CONTROLS</b>
 307        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destination_recipient_limit</a> (50)</b>
 308               The default maximal number of recipients  per  mes-
 309               sage delivery.
 310
 311        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_recipient_limit"><i>transport</i>_destination_recipient_limit</a>   ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">default_destina</a>-</b>
 312        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_recipient_limit">tion_recipient_limit</a>)</b>
 313               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 314
 315 <b>MESSAGE SCHEDULING CONTROLS</b>
 316        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_delivery_slot_cost">default_delivery_slot_cost</a> (5)</b>
 317               How often the Postfix queue manager's scheduler  is
 318               allowed  to  preempt  delivery  of one message with
 319               another.
 320
 321        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_delivery_slot_cost"><i>transport</i>_delivery_slot_cost</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_delivery_slot_cost">default_delivery_slot_cost</a>)</b>
 322               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 323
 324        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_minimum_delivery_slots">default_minimum_delivery_slots</a> (3)</b>
 325               How many recipients a message must have in order to
 326               invoke the Postfix queue manager's scheduling algo-
 327               rithm at all.
 328
 329        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_minimum_delivery_slots"><i>transport</i>_minimum_delivery_slots</a>  ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_minimum_delivery_slots">default_minimum_deliv</a>-</b>
 330        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_minimum_delivery_slots">ery_slots</a>)</b>
 331               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 332
 333        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_delivery_slot_discount">default_delivery_slot_discount</a> (50)</b>
 334               The default value  for  transport-specific  _deliv-
 335               ery_slot_discount settings.
 336
 337        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_delivery_slot_discount"><i>transport</i>_delivery_slot_discount</a>          ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_delivery_slot_discount">default_deliv</a>-</b>
 338        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_delivery_slot_discount">ery_slot_discount</a>)</b>
 339               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 340
 341        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_delivery_slot_loan">default_delivery_slot_loan</a> (3)</b>
 342               The default value  for  transport-specific  _deliv-
 343               ery_slot_loan settings.
 344
 345        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_delivery_slot_loan"><i>transport</i>_delivery_slot_loan</a> ($<a href="postconf.5.html#default_delivery_slot_loan">default_delivery_slot_loan</a>)</b>
 346               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 347
 348 <b>OTHER RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</b>
 349        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#minimal_backoff_time">minimal_backoff_time</a> (300s)</b>
 350               The minimal time  between  attempts  to  deliver  a
 351               deferred  message; prior to Postfix 2.4 the default
 352               value was 1000s.
 353
 354        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_backoff_time">maximal_backoff_time</a> (4000s)</b>
 355               The maximal time  between  attempts  to  deliver  a
 356               deferred message.
 357
 358        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#maximal_queue_lifetime">maximal_queue_lifetime</a> (5d)</b>
 359               The  maximal  time a message is queued before it is
 360               sent back as undeliverable.
 361
 362        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_run_delay">queue_run_delay</a> (300s)</b>
 363               The time between <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a> scans by the  queue
 364               manager; prior to Postfix 2.4 the default value was
 365               1000s.
 366
 367        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_retry_time">transport_retry_time</a> (60s)</b>
 368               The time between attempts by the Postfix queue man-
 369               ager  to  contact a malfunctioning message delivery
 370               transport.
 371
 372        Available in Postfix version 2.1 and later:
 373
 374        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#bounce_queue_lifetime">bounce_queue_lifetime</a> (5d)</b>
 375               The maximal time a bounce message is queued  before
 376               it is considered undeliverable.
 377
 378        Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:
 379
 380        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destination_rate_delay</a> (0s)</b>
 381               The  default  amount  of  delay  that  is  inserted
 382               between individual deliveries to the same  destina-
 383               tion;  with  per-destination recipient limit &gt; 1, a
 384               destination is a domain, otherwise it is a  recipi-
 385               ent.
 386
 387        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#transport_destination_rate_delay"><i>transport</i>_destination_rate_delay</a>         $<a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">default_destina</a>-</b>
 388        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#default_destination_rate_delay">tion_rate_delay</a></b>
 389               Idem, for delivery via the named message <i>transport</i>.
 390
 391 <b>MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</b>
 392        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
 393               The default location of  the  Postfix  <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>  and
 394               <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> configuration files.
 395
 396        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#defer_transports">defer_transports</a> (empty)</b>
 397               The  names  of  message  delivery  transports  that
 398               should  not  deliver  mail  unless  someone  issues
 399               "<b>sendmail -q</b>" or equivalent.
 400
 401        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#delay_logging_resolution_limit">delay_logging_resolution_limit</a> (2)</b>
 402               The  maximal  number  of  digits  after the decimal
 403               point when logging sub-second delay values.
 404
 405        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#helpful_warnings">helpful_warnings</a> (yes)</b>
 406               Log warnings about problematic  configuration  set-
 407               tings, and provide helpful suggestions.
 408
 409        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#ipc_timeout">ipc_timeout</a> (3600s)</b>
 410               The time limit for sending or receiving information
 411               over an internal communication channel.
 412
 413        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_id">process_id</a> (read-only)</b>
 414               The process ID  of  a  Postfix  command  or  daemon
 415               process.
 416
 417        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#process_name">process_name</a> (read-only)</b>
 418               The  process  name  of  a Postfix command or daemon
 419               process.
 420
 421        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
 422               The location of the Postfix top-level queue  direc-
 423               tory.
 424
 425        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)</b>
 426               The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
 427
 428        <b><a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)</b>
 429               The  mail  system  name  that  is  prepended to the
 430               process name in syslog  records,  so  that  "smtpd"
 431               becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".
 432
 433 <b>FILES</b>
 434        /var/spool/postfix/incoming, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#incoming_queue">incoming queue</a>
 435        /var/spool/postfix/active, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#active_queue">active queue</a>
 436        /var/spool/postfix/deferred, <a href="QSHAPE_README.html#deferred_queue">deferred queue</a>
 437        /var/spool/postfix/bounce, non-delivery status
 438        /var/spool/postfix/defer, non-delivery status
 439        /var/spool/postfix/trace, delivery status
 440
 441 <b>SEE ALSO</b>
 442        <a href="trivial-rewrite.8.html">trivial-rewrite(8)</a>, address routing
 443        <a href="bounce.8.html">bounce(8)</a>, delivery status reports
 444        <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, configuration parameters
 445        <a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, generic daemon options
 446        <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a>, process manager
 447        syslogd(8), system logging
 448
 449 <b>README FILES</b>
 450        <a href="SCHEDULER_README.html">SCHEDULER_README</a>, scheduling algorithm
 451        <a href="QSHAPE_README.html">QSHAPE_README</a>, Postfix queue analysis
 452
 453 <b>LICENSE</b>
 454        The Secure Mailer license must be  distributed  with  this
 455        software.
 456
 457 <b>AUTHOR(S)</b>
 458        Wietse Venema
 459        IBM T.J. Watson Research
 460        P.O. Box 704
 461        Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
 462
 463        Preemptive scheduler enhancements:
 464        Patrik Rak
 465        Modra 6
 466        155 00, Prague, Czech Republic
 467
 468                                                                        QMGR(8)
 469 </pre> </body> </html>