1 List 20 largest files (larger than 5 MB) sorted by megabytes:
3 find / -type f -size +10000 -print0 | xargs -0 du -m | sort -nr | head -20
5 You can keep specific rc.conf configurations in individual files
6 under /etc/rc.conf.d/ where each file is named after the $name of
7 the rc.d script. Some configurations may have different names than
8 the script; see the $name variable to check.
10 You can see the total used buffers in megabytes with:
13 / bytes per page$/ { bpp = $1 }
14 / cached file pages$/ { cfp = $1 }
15 / cached executable pages$/ { cep = $1 }
16 END { print((cfp + cep) * bpp / 1024 / 1024); }'
18 You can view a value of a variable in pkgsrc by using the show-var
21 make show-var VARNAME=MAINTAINER
23 You can view the basic order of your rc.d scripts with:
27 You can ask questions about NetBSD at the netbsd-users@NetBSD.org
28 mailing list. Be sure to clearly explain your problem, what you
29 tried, what results you had, and what you expected.
31 You can view your non-default Postfix settings with:
35 To report about installed packages with known vulnerabilities,
36 fetch the latest pkg-vulnerabilities file as the superuser with:
38 download-vulnerability-list
44 The following shows an example of temporarily adding 10MB more swap
45 space for virtual memory:
47 dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/swapfile bs=1024 count=10240
48 chmod go= /root/swapfile
49 swapctl -a /root/swapfile
51 If your console ever gets broken, you can try resetting it to its
56 If you installed a package, but don't know what the software is
57 called or what executables to run, use pkg_info with the -L switch
58 to list the package's files and search for /bin:
60 pkg_info -L PACKAGE-NAME | grep /bin
62 A new user can be added by using the useradd tool with the -m switch
63 to create the home directory. Then set the password. For example:
68 To modify user account information use the chpass or usermod tools.
69 If you need to edit the user database directly, use the vipw command.
71 You can temporarily start the SSH server by running the following
74 /etc/rc.d/sshd onestart
76 Several IP Filter and ipnat examples are available in the
77 /usr/share/examples/ipf/ directory.
79 Want to dual boot using a bluetooth mouse or keyboard? Use btkey(1)
80 to store the link key in the hardware.
82 If you are having trouble connecting to a remote bluetooth device,
83 try the btconfig(8) inquiry command. The kernel will retain some
84 clock offset information that may help.
86 You can download files via HTTP using the ftp(1) command; for example:
88 ftp http://www.NetBSD.org/images/NetBSD.png
90 The mtree(8) tool can be used to check permissions, ownerships,
91 file changes, and more when compared against a specification. For
92 example to check directory ownership and permissions for standard
93 NetBSD directories, run:
95 /usr/sbin/mtree -e -p / -f /etc/mtree/NetBSD.dist
97 If you need reminders on your console to leave, use the leave(1)
98 tool. For example to receive reminders to leave in one hour:
102 To stop non-superuser logins until next boot, as root:
106 When extracting distribution tar sets, be sure to use the pax -pe
107 option or the tar -p switch to preserve the user and group and file
108 modes (including setuid and setgid). This is needed, for example,
109 so su(1) will work after extracting the base.tgz set.
111 Math can be done within the sh(1) and ksh(1) shells or with expr(1),
112 dc(1), bc(1), or awk(1). Here are some simple examples:
115 expr 60 \* 60 \* 24 \* 7
117 You can view network connections with the fstat, netstat -a, sockstat,
118 and "systat netstat" commands.
120 Visit the NetBSD Security website to keep track of advisories:
121 http://www.NetBSD.org/support/security/
122 Or join the security-announce mailing list for alerts:
123 http://www.netbsd.org/mailinglists/#security-announce
125 Here's an example of finding what package a file belongs to:
127 pkg_info -Fe /usr/pkg/bin/inw
129 Many log files are checked for rotation every hour by newsyslog(8).
130 It is configured in /etc/newsyslog.conf.
132 NetBSD's default cron jobs are defined in the /var/cron/tabs/root
133 file. As the superuser, use "crontab -l" to view it. To edit it,
134 use "crontab -e" (which defaults to using the vi(1) editor).
136 You can make sure that your system is stable and behaves correctly by
137 running the tests in /usr/tests (which come from the tests.tgz set).
140 vi /etc/atf/NetBSD.conf