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34 .\" @(#)xargs.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
35 .\" $FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/xargs/xargs.1,v 1.37 2006/09/29 15:20:48 ru Exp $
36 .\" $xMach: xargs.1,v 1.2 2002/02/23 05:23:37 tim Exp $
43 .Nd "construct argument list(s) and execute utility"
50 .Op Fl R Ar replacements
61 .Op Ar utility Op Ar argument ...
65 utility reads space, tab, newline and end-of-file delimited strings
66 from the standard input and executes
71 Any arguments specified on the command line are given to
73 upon each invocation, followed by some number of the arguments read
74 from the standard input of
76 This is repeated until standard input is exhausted.
78 Spaces, tabs and newlines may be embedded in arguments using single
80 or double (``"'') quotes or backslashes (``\e'').
81 Single quotes escape all non-single quote characters, excluding newlines,
82 up to the matching single quote.
83 Double quotes escape all non-double quote characters, excluding newlines,
84 up to the matching double quote.
85 Any single character, including newlines, may be escaped by a backslash.
87 The options are as follows:
88 .Bl -tag -width indent
94 characters as separators, instead of spaces and newlines.
95 This is expected to be used in concert with the
102 as a logical EOF marker.
106 for each input line, replacing one or more occurrences of
112 flag is specified) arguments to
114 with the entire line of input.
115 The resulting arguments, after replacement is done, will not be allowed to grow
121 bytes; this is implemented by concatenating as much of the argument
124 as possible, to the constructed arguments to
129 The size limit does not apply to arguments to
133 and furthermore, no replacement will be done on
139 If this option is specified,
141 will use the data read from standard input to replace the first occurrence of
143 instead of appending that data after all other arguments.
144 This option will not affect how many arguments will be read from input
146 or the size of the command(s)
150 The option just moves where those arguments will be placed in the command(s)
154 must show up as a distinct
158 It will not be recognized if, for instance, it is in the middle of a
160 Furthermore, only the first occurrence of the
163 For example, the following command will copy the list of files and
164 directories which start with an uppercase letter in the current
168 .Dl /bin/ls -1d [A-Z]* | xargs -J % cp -rp % destdir
176 If EOF is reached and fewer lines have been read than
180 will be called with the available lines.
182 Set the maximum number of arguments taken from standard input for each
189 standard input arguments if the number of bytes accumulated (see the
191 option) exceeds the specified
193 or there are fewer than
195 arguments remaining for the last invocation of
197 The current default value for
203 in the child process before executing the command.
204 This is useful if you want
206 to run an interactive application.
208 Parallel mode: run at most
214 Echo each command to be executed and ask the user whether it should be
216 An affirmative response,
219 causes the command to be executed, any other response causes it to be
221 No commands are executed if the process is not attached to a terminal.
222 .It Fl R Ar replacements
223 Specify the maximum number of arguments that
225 will do replacement in.
228 is negative, the number of arguments in which to replace is unbounded.
230 Specify the amount of space (in bytes) that
232 can use for replacements.
237 Set the maximum number of bytes for the command line length provided to
239 The sum of the length of the utility name, the arguments passed to
243 terminators) and the current environment will be less than or equal to
245 The current default value for
251 Echo the command to be executed to standard error immediately before it
256 to terminate immediately if a command line containing
258 arguments will not fit in the specified (or default) command line length.
267 Undefined behavior may occur if
269 reads from the standard input.
273 utility exits immediately (without processing any further input) if a
274 command line cannot be assembled,
276 cannot be invoked, an invocation of
278 is terminated by a signal,
281 exits with a value of 255.
284 exits with one of the following values:
285 .Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
289 returned a zero exit status.
291 One or more invocations of
293 returned a nonzero exit status.
297 exited with a 255 exit status.
301 was killed or stopped by a signal.
305 was found but could not be invoked.
311 Some other error occurred.
314 .Bl -tag -width /dev/tty -compact
316 used to read responses in prompt mode
325 utility is expected to be
332 options are non-standard
334 extensions which may not be available on other operating systems.
338 utility appeared in PWB UNIX 1.0.
339 It made its first BSD appearance in the 4.3 Reno release.
341 The meaning of 123, 124, and 125 exit values and the
343 option were taken from GNU xargs.
347 attempts to invoke another command such that the number of arguments or the
348 size of the environment is increased, it risks
355 utility does not take multibyte characters into account when performing
356 string comparisons for the
360 options, which may lead to incorrect results in some locales.