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30 .\" from: @(#)arp4.4 6.5 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
37 .Nd Address Resolution Protocol
39 .In netinet/if_ether.h
41 The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol used to dynamically
42 map between Internet host addresses and Ethernet addresses.
43 It is used by all the Ethernet interface drivers.
44 It is not specific to Internet protocols or to Ethernet,
45 but this implementation currently supports only that combination.
47 ARP caches Internet-Ethernet address mappings.
48 When an interface requests a mapping for an address not in the cache,
49 ARP queues the message which requires the mapping and broadcasts
50 a message on the associated network requesting the address mapping.
51 If a response is provided, the new mapping is cached and any pending
52 message is transmitted.
53 ARP will queue at most one packet while waiting for a response to a
55 only the most recently ``transmitted'' packet is kept.
56 If the target host does not respond after several requests,
57 the host is considered to be down for a short period (normally 20 seconds),
58 allowing an error to be returned to transmission attempts during this
62 for a non-responding destination host, and
64 for a non-responding router.
66 The ARP cache is stored in the system routing table as
67 dynamically-created host routes.
68 The route to a directly-attached Ethernet network is installed as a
73 causing routes to individual hosts on that network to be created on
75 These routes time out periodically (normally 20 minutes after validated;
76 entries are not validated when not in use).
77 An entry for a host which is not responding is a
83 ARP entries may be added, deleted or changed with the
86 Manually-added entries may be temporary or permanent,
89 in which case the system will respond to ARP requests for that host
90 as if it were the target of the request.
93 ARP was used to negotiate the use of a trailer encapsulation.
94 This is no longer supported.
96 ARP watches passively for hosts impersonating the local host (i.e. a host
97 which responds to an ARP mapping request for the local host's address).
100 .It "duplicate IP address %x sent from ethernet address %x:%x:%x:%x:%x:%x."
101 ARP has discovered another host on the local network which responds to
102 mapping requests for its own Internet address with a different Ethernet
103 address, generally indicating that two hosts are attempting to use the
104 same Internet address.
115 .%B "An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol"
121 .%B "Trailer Encapsulations"