1 Using Racoon with Privilege Separation
2 Tue Mar 25 16:37:09 MDT 2008
5 Racoon can run in a chroot'd environment. When so instructed, it runs as two
6 processes, one of which handles a small number of simple requests and runs as
7 root in the full native filesystem, and another which runs as a less
8 privileged user in a chroot'd environment and which handles all the other and
9 very complex business of racoon.
11 Because racoon does many complex things there are many opportunities for
12 coding errors to lead to compromises and so this separation is important. If
13 someone breaks into your system using racoon and you have enabled privilege
14 separation, they will find themselves in a very limited environment and unable
15 to do much damage. They may be able to alter the host's security associations
16 or obtain the private keys stored on that system using file descriptors
17 available to the unprivileged instance of racoon, and from there they will be
18 able to alter security associations on other hosts in disruptive or dangerous
19 ways if you have generate_policy enabled on those hosts. But that's because
20 in its current form generate_policy is itself dangerous and requires that you
21 trust anyone with the credentials to use it.
23 They will also be able to execute any scripts you have placed in the scripts
24 directory, although racoon will prevent them from mis-using the traditional
25 environment variables PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, and IFS. But if you have
26 introduced vulnerabilities into your scripts you may want to re-visit them.
27 The thing to watch for is blindly trusting the environment variables passed
28 in by racoon - assume they could be set to anything by a malicious entity and
29 check them for suitability before using them.
31 All these possibilities are present when privilege separation is not enabled,
32 and they are greatly reduced when it is enabled because the resources
33 available to the attacker are less.
37 The basic concept with racoon's privilege separation is that a minimal
38 environment containing all the files racoon needs to operate - with the
39 exception of private keys, scripts, and system-wide authentication services -
40 is placed in a stripped-down copy of the original environment. The private
41 keys and scripts are left in the original environment where only the
42 privileged instance of racoon will have access to them.
44 Here are basic instructions for setting up racoon to run with privilege
48 First, create a user/group for racoon to run under. For example, user:group
49 ike:ike. The account should not have a usable password or real home
50 directory, so copy the general format of another system-services type account
53 You already have files in, e.g. /usr/local/etc/racoon - perhaps racoon.conf, a
54 certs directory containing certificates, a scripts directory, and other
55 miscellaneous files such as welcome messages. Perform the following steps:
57 cd /usr/local/etc/racoon
61 mv root/certs/*.key certs
63 If you want to be able to switch back and forth between using and not using
66 cd /usr/local/etc/racoon/certs
67 for i in ../root/certs/*
72 Now root/certs contains certificates and certs contains the keys. The idea is
73 that the public certificates are in the chroot'd area
74 (/usr/local/etc/racoon/root) and the keys are available only to the privileged
77 Move any other racoon configuration data into /usr/local/etc/racoon/root,
78 with the exception of the scripts directory and racoon.conf.
80 All the files in /usr/local/etc/racoon/root should be owned by root and the
81 ike:ike user you created should not have write access to any directories or
82 files (unless you are using something like 'path backupsa', but you get the
85 Create the device nodes:
89 Do whatever your OS requires to populate the new dev directory with a
90 minimal set of devices, e.g. mknod, MAKEDEV, or mount devfs... In freebsd
91 this is done by adding a line to /etc/fstab:
93 devfs /usr/local/etc/racoon/root/dev devfs rw 0 0
95 and then adding a line like this to /etc/rc.conf:
97 devfs_set_rulesets="/usr/local/etc/racoon/root/dev=devfsrules_basic"
99 and then adding the following lines to /etc/devfs.rules:
101 [devfsrules_basic=10]
102 add include $devfsrules_hide_all
103 add include $devfsrules_unhide_basic
105 and then either rebooting or entering "mount -a && /etc/rc.d/devfs start".
109 mkdir -p root/usr/local/etc
110 ln -s ../../../ root/usr/local/etc/racoon
112 This dummy hierarchy keeps the config file consistent between both copies of
113 racoon. Of course, you could actually put the certs directory and any other
114 configuration data down in the hierarchy but I prefer to leave it at the root
115 and link to it as shown. You may end up with something like this:
117 root# ls -FC /usr/local/etc/racoon/root
120 root# ls -l /usr/local/etc/racoon/root/usr/local/etc
121 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root wheel 9 Mar 7 22:13 racoon -> ../../../
123 root# ls -FC /usr/local/etc/racoon/root/usr/local/etc/racoon/
126 Presumably your racoon.conf already contains something like:
128 path certificate "/usr/local/etc/racoon/certs";
129 path script "/usr/local/etc/racoon/scripts";
131 If so, great. If not, add them. Then, finally, add the privsep section:
136 chroot "/usr/local/etc/racoon/root";
139 Apply the patches posted to the list and rebuild racoon (the patches will be
140 incorporated into the release subsequent to the date of this memo, so if you
141 use that or a later release you can skip this step).
143 Restart racoon and hopefully things will work. As of the date of this memo,
144 re-loading the configuration file with racoonctl will not work with privsep
145 enabled. However, the problem is not insurmountable and if you figure it out
148 I have not tested privsep with many of racoon's features such as XAUTH or
149 scripts, so if you have trouble with them and work anything out please reply
150 to the list so that your discoveries may be incorporated into this document.
152 Last modified: $Date: 2008/03/28 04:18:52 $