| blob | 1755d2c8df640b786ad2cc84e11b50f7577ce669 |
1 .\" $NetBSD: install,v 1.54 2008/04/30 13:10:49 martin Exp $
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27 .
28 Installing
29 .Nx
30 is a relatively complex process, but if you have
31 this document in hand it shouldn't be too much trouble.
32 .Pp
33 There are several ways to install
34 .Nx
35 onto your system.
36 The easiest way is to use the
37 .Pa miniroot.fs
38 image copied to your local disk's swap partition or a scratch drive.
39 If your Sparc is hooked up in a network, you may configure another
40 .Ul
41 machine as a netboot server for your Sparc.
42 Alternatively, there is a pair
43 of floppy images that will boot your system and run the installer.
44 .Pp
45 For more information on the commands and variables available in
46 the OpenBoot PROM (present in all sun4c and sun4m machines), go to
47 .Lk http://docs.sun.com
48 and search for
49 .Dq openboot reference
50 (without quotes).
51 .
52 .Ss2 Installing NetBSD by placing a bootable file system on a partitioned hard drive
53 .
54 .Pa installation/miniroot/miniroot.fs.gz
55 is a compressed, self-contained
56 .Nx
57 file system holding all utilities necessary to install
58 .Nx
59 onto a disk attached to your system.
60 It is distributed as a compressed plain
61 file you will transfer to a raw disk partition.
62 You will then boot this installer using the appropriate PROM command.
63 The simplest case is where you place the
64 .Pa miniroot.fs
65 file system on the swap partition of your disk.
66 Alternatively, you can place
67 it on any other unused partition on any disk (such as a Zip disk).
68 Be forewarned that you will not be able to install
69 .Nx
70 onto the partition that contains the
71 .Pa miniroot.fs
72 as this partition is needed during the install process.
73 .Pp
74 Loading the file system onto a raw partition is straightforward.
75 First, download
76 .Pa miniroot.fs
77 to your system.
78 Next, reboot in single-user mode (i.e.
79 .Ic "boot -s" )
80 to ensure that your system will not be swapping.
81 Finally, place the
82 .Pa miniroot.fs
83 on your partition of choice.
84 On
85 .Nx
86 or SunOS the commands are:
87 .Pp
88 .(disp
89 .No # Ic "gunzip miniroot.fs.gz"
90 .No # Ic "dd if=miniroot.fs of=/dev/rsd0b bs=4k"
91 .disp)
92 .Pp
93 Here,
94 .Li /dev/rsd0b
95 is assumed to be your swap partition.
96 If you decide to place
97 .Pa miniroot.fs
98 on a non-swap partition, it will overwrite all of the contents of that
99 partition, but you will not need to reboot into single-user mode to write it.
100 .Pp
101 After transferring the file system to disk, bring the system down by:
102 .Pp
103 .(disp
104 .No # Ic halt
105 .disp)
106 .Pp
107 Then boot the installer by typing the appropriate
108 command at the PROM prompt (this example is for the swap partition):
109 .Pp
110 .(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2 -offset indent -compact
111 .It sunmon
112 .(disp
113 .No \*[Gt] Ic "b sd(,,1)netbsd -s"
114 .disp)
115 .It OpenBoot PROM 1
116 .(disp
117 .No ok Ic "boot sd(,,1)netbsd -s"
118 .disp)
119 .It OpenBoot PROM 2
120 .(disp
121 .No ok Ic "boot disk:b netbsd -s"
122 .disp)
123 .tag)
124 .Pp
125 The monitor boot command will load the
126 .Nx
127 kernel contained in the
128 file system image.
129 After the initial probe messages you'll be
130 asked to start the install or upgrade procedure.
131 Proceed to the section
132 .Sx Running the installation scripts.
133 below.
134 .
135 .Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a bootable CD-ROM
136 .
137 If you wish to burn a CD-R containing a bootable NetBSD installation,
138 then you can either burn the prepared disk image in
139 .Pa installation/cdrom/sparccd-\*V.iso
140 or create your own.
141 If you wish to create your own, you should follow the directions on the
142 .Nx
143 Bootable CD-ROM HOW-TO at:
144 .Lk http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/bootcd.html#sparcimage
145 .Pp
146 Once you have downloaded
147 .Pa sparccd-\*V.iso
148 or created your own disk image, then you need to burn it to a CD-R.
149 .Pp
150 The CD-ROM attached to your Sparc must support 512 byte sectors to be
151 bootable.
152 All Sun brand CD-ROMs will work, as well as many other manufacturers.
153 See the Sun CD-ROM FAQ:
154 .Lk http://saturn.tlug.org/suncdfaq/
155 .Pp
156 Sun sets their CD-ROM drives to SCSI ID 6.
157 We recommend you do the same.
158 .Pp
159 Boot the installer by typing the appropriate command at the PROM prompt:
160 .Pp
161 .(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2 -offset indent -compact
162 .It sunmon
163 .(disp
164 .No \*[Gt] Ic b "sd(,30,)"
165 .disp)
166 .It OpenBoot PROM 1
167 .(disp
168 .No ok Ic "boot sd(,30,)"
169 .disp)
170 .It OpenBoot PROM 2
171 .(disp
172 .No ok Ic "boot cdrom"
173 .disp)
174 .tag)
175 .Pp
176 After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the
177 install or upgrade procedure.
178 Proceed to the section
179 .Sx Running the installation scripts.
180 below.
181 .
182 .Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using the bootable floppies
183 .
184 The
185 .Nx
186 install floppies only work on the sun4c and sun4m machines.
187 Making the install floppies is fairly straightforward.
188 .Pp
189 .Nx
190 and SunOS use the same commands.
191 First, get two 1.44 MB floppy disks and format them either using the
192 .Xr fdformat 8
193 command or a PC.
194 .Pp
195 .(disp
196 .No # Ic "fdformat"
197 .disp)
198 .Pp
199 Be sure that the `fdformat' command completes successfully before proceeding;
200 on
201 .Nx
202 success is a string of all
203 .Sq Li V 's ,
204 and on
205 .Tn SunOS
206 success is a string of
207 .Sq Li \&. 's .
208 .Pp
209 Next, transfer the two floppy images
210 .Pq Pa installation/floppy/disk1.gz No and Pa installation/floppy/disk2
211 to the disks you just formatted.
212 You can do this step from
213 .Nx ,
214 .Tn SunOS ,
215 or a
216 .Tn Windows
217 machine using
218 .Nm rawrite.exe
219 (available in the
220 .Nx Ns / Ns i386
221 distribution).
222 Insert the first floppy and run the following commands:
223 .Pp
224 .(disp
225 .No # Ic "gunzip disk1.gz"
226 .No # Ic "dd if=disk1 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k"
227 .No # Ic "eject floppy"
228 .disp)
229 .Pp
230 Insert the second floppy and run the following commands:
231 .Pp
232 .(disp
233 .No # Ic "dd if=disk2 of=/dev/rfd0a bs=36k"
234 .No # Ic "eject floppy"
235 .disp)
236 .Pp
237 Note that disk2 may be a symlink to .tgz file; do not uncompress it,
238 just follow the instructions above, verbatim.
239 After writing the two floppies,
240 be sure to label them so you can later identify them.
241 .Pp
242 Insert the floppy made from
243 .Pa disk1
244 into your Sparc.
245 From the OpenBoot prompt, boot the floppy with the following command:
246 .Pp
247 .(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2\ (alternate) -offset indent -compact
248 .It OpenBoot PROM 1
249 .(disp
250 .No ok Ic "boot fd(,,1)"
251 .disp)
252 .It OpenBoot PROM 1 (alternate)
253 .(disp
254 .No ok Ic "boot /fd"
255 .disp)
256 .It OpenBoot PROM 2
257 .(disp
258 .No ok Ic "boot floppy"
259 .disp)
260 .tag)
261 .Pp
262 After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to insert the floppy
263 labeled
264 .Dq NetBSD disk2 .
265 If the floppy is not automatically ejected, you can either use a
266 straightened paperclip to eject the disk or do the following:
267 .Pp
268 Press the
269 .Key STOP
270 key (sometimes called the
271 .Key L1
272 key, found on the left side of your keyboard) and the
273 .Key a
274 key, which will halt your system and give you a PROM prompt.
275 .(disp
276 .No ok Ic "eject"
277 .No ok Ic "go"
278 .disp)
279 .Pp
280 Now, insert the floppy labeled
281 .Li disk2 .
282 After the installation tools have been loaded,
283 you'll be asked to start the install or upgrade procedure.
284 Proceed to the section
285 .Sx Running the installation scripts.
286 below.
287 .
288 .Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a netboot setup
289 .
290 .so ../common/netboot
291 .Pp
292 Now, netboot your Sparc from the server by entering the appropriate
293 .Ic boot
294 command at the monitor prompt.
295 Depending on the PROM version in your machine, this command takes one
296 of the following forms:
297 .(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2 -offset indent -compact
298 .It sunmon
299 .(disp
300 .No \*[Gt] Ic "b le()netbsd"
301 .disp)
302 .It OpenBoot PROM 1
303 .(disp
304 .No ok Ic "b le()netbsd"
305 .disp)
306 .It OpenBoot PROM 2
307 .(disp
308 .No ok Ic "boot net netbsd"
309 .disp)
310 .tag)
311 .Pp
312 After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to start the
313 install or upgrade procedure.
314 Proceed to the section
315 .Sx Running the installation scripts.
316 below.
317 .
318 .Ss2 Installing NetBSD by using a bootable tape
319 .
320 Sun sets their tape drives to SCSI ID 4.
321 We recommend you do the same.
322 .Pp
323 Get the tape images
324 .Pq Pa installation/tape/tapefile1.gz No and Pa installation/tape/tapefile2
325 and transfer them to a tape.
326 Make sure you use the
327 .Sq no rewind scsi tape
328 device.
329 Run the following commands:
330 .Pp
331 .(disp
332 .No # Ic "gunzip tapefile1.gz"
333 .No # Ic "mt -f /dev/nrst0 rew"
334 .No # Ic "dd if=tapefile1 of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k conv=osync"
335 .No # Ic "dd if=tapefile2 of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k conv=osync"
336 .disp)
337 .Pp
338 Now you can transfer the
339 .Nx \*V.
340 distribution sets from
341 .Pq Pa binary/sets
342 to the tape by using a series of additional
343 .(disp
344 .No # Ic "dd if=\*[Lt]aset\*[Gt].tgz of=/dev/nrst0 bs=4k conv=osync"
345 .disp)
346 commands.
347 See also the section
348 .Sx Getting the NetBSD System on to Useful Media.
349 Be sure to mark the location of these files on the tape; you'll need them
350 during the installation procedure.
351 .Pp
352 Insert the tape into your Sparc's tapestation.
353 Boot the installer by typing the appropriate command at the PROM prompt:
354 .Pp
355 .(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2\ (alternate) -offset indent -compact
356 .It sunmon
357 .(disp
358 .No \*[Gt] Ic "b st()"
359 .disp)
360 .It OpenBoot PROM 1
361 .(disp
362 .No ok Ic "boot st()"
363 .disp)
364 .It OpenBoot PROM 2
365 .(disp
366 .No ok Ic "boot tape"
367 .disp)
368 .tag)
369 .Pp
370 After the initial probe messages you'll be asked to confirm the tape
371 device and tape file number containing the installation tools.
372 Then, proceed to the section
373 .Sx Running the installation scripts.
374 below.
375 .
376 .Ss2 Running the installation scripts
377 .
378 The first thing that the installation scripts will inquire about is the
379 type of console you're using on your machine.
380 If you're using a Sun frame buffer display, choose the terminal type
381 .Ic sun
382 .Pq this is presented as the default .
383 .(Note
384 if your frame buffer device is a cgsix Sbus board, you should
385 change the terminal type to
386 .Ic sun-cgsix
387 to avoid triggering a bug in the board's firmware code that can garble
388 your screen.
389 .Note)
390 .Pp
391 If you're using a terminal device connected to a serial port, choose a
392 terminal type appropriate for that device, e.g.
393 .Ic vt100
394 or
395 .Ic vt200 .
396 .Pp
397 Next, you will be presented with a choice of two installation methods:
398 a new full-screen
399 .Ic sysinst
400 program, or the traditional script-based
401 .Ic miniroot
402 program.
403 The
404 .Ic sysinst
405 program is easier to use, but the
406 .Ic miniroot
407 program is more flexible.
408 Both of these installation methods will follow the
409 same set of procedures and will fully install
410 .Nx
411 on your Sparc.
412 .Pp
413 You will frequently be asked for confirmation before the system proceeds
414 with each phase of the installation process.
415 .Pp
416 Occasionally, you will have to provide a piece of information such as the
417 name of the disk you want to install on, partitioning information,
418 or IP addresses and domain names you want to assign.
419 If your system has
420 more than one disk, you may want to look at the output of the
421 .Xr dmesg 8
422 command to see how your disks have been identified by the kernel.
423 .(Note
424 If you repartition a hard drive, be certain that every partition starts
425 on a cylinder boundary for compatibility with the Sparc ROM.
426 .Note)
427 .Pp
428 The installation script goes through the following phases:
429 .(bullet -compact
430 determination of the disk on which to install
431 .Nx
432 .It
433 checking/creation of the partition information on the disk
434 .It
435 creating and mounting the
436 .Nx
437 file systems
438 .It
439 setup of network configuration
440 .It
441 extraction of the distribution tar files
442 .It
443 installation of bootstrap programs
444 .bullet)
445 .Pp
446 Now try a reboot.
447 Initially we'd suggest you
448 .Ic "boot sd()netbsd -bs" ,
449 then try multiuser after that.
450 If you boot single-user the
451 .Nx
452 incantation to make the root file system writable is
453 .Pp
454 .(disp
455 .No # Ic "mount -u /dev/sd0a /"
456 .disp)
457 .Pp
458 Your PROM might have been setup to instruct the boot program to load
459 a file called
460 .Pa vmunix .
461 On OpenBoot PROM systems you can change it to load
462 .Pa netbsd
463 instead using the following commands:
464 .Pp
465 .(tag OpenBoot\ PROM\ 2 -offset indent -compact
466 .It OpenBoot PROM 1
467 .(disp
468 .No ok Ic setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
469 .disp)
470 .It OpenBoot PROM 2
471 .(disp
472 .No ok Ic setenv boot-file netbsd
473 .No ok Ic setenv boot-device disk:a
474 .disp)
475 .tag)
476 .Pp
477 .Em Congratulations ,
478 you have successfully installed
479 .Nx \*V.